A Short History of the Art of Distillation: From the Beginnings Up to the Death of Cellier Blumenthal

Akkadian alchemists alchemy ancient technology Antiquity Apsû Aqua aqueducts Arabic asphalt Assyrian Babylon Babylonian bán bitumen bituminous mastic bituminous mortar boats bricks bronze building built burning century chemical cisterns classical coated colour conduit crude oil cuneiform Dead Sea deposits Diodor Dioscorides distillation duct early earthenware Egypt ESIR Excavations FORBES Frontinus gold Greek Fire gypsum heating Hellenistic Herodotus Hist iddû irrigation ittû King known kupru later layer Leiden Leipzig lime limestone loam London mastic MEISSNER mentioned Mesopotamia metals method mineral matter mixture modern Mohenjo Daro mummies naphtha natural Neo-Babylonian Niniveh Papyrus Paris period Persian pétrole petroleum pitch PLINY production qanats quantities resin river rock asphalt Roman Rome samples sand seepages Sennacherib similar siphon spring stone STRABO substances sulphur Sumerian supply surface sutu Syria Tell Asmar texts Theophrastus town tunnel Ur III VITRUV Vitruvius wall water-supply word Zosimos