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a people of so savage a reputation; and the park and pale, and is preserved in parae, sentiment of love is evidently well known in New Zealand, a small plain enclosed with the Maori breast, as witnessed in the follow-forest. The simple root of all these words

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Of thee, Taratiu, long hidden from my sight. Thy distant hills, Waiohipara, and the flowing surface of the water, appear bright like a fire.

My idol, whom I love, is below.
Let thy spirit cease from visiting me;
If, perchance, I may forget my sorrowing.'
P. 143.

On the subject of marriage, it is curious to trace the familiar notion that a man ought to take possession of his bride by an act of force and violence. A sham resistance was generally made, which, in the case of there being many competitors, did not always go off very smoothly for the unfortunate bride. In the struggle for her, she was often much hurt, or even killed; nor were her own inclinations allowed to enter into the question.

She was handed over to the victorious combatant in whatever state she happened to be, either in body or mind, to share his lot for better or for worse.

The origin of the Maori races is a subject of considerable speculation. Mr. Taylor, as we have already seen, argues for their descent from the ten tribes. He traces a similarity of language between the Polynesian islands and Asiatic races, and many words which he quotes are certainly very like, not only Asiatic but European languages. One instance we quote:

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"Another remarkable word for its travels is Paradise. Every nation has pictured to itself some place of bliss, some abode of rest for the soul. Men vary in their idea of the character of that happy spot, but still the idea exists, and all of them are included between the extremes of the sensual paradise of Mahomet, and the spiritual and holy one of the Christian. The word paradise itself conveys the idea of a garden enclosed, a garden of delight; it is the place of repose, It is protected from every foe; no enemy can enter, or disturb the rest of the soul. The Hebrew word is pardés; the Arabic firdaus, plural faradisa; Syriac and Armenian partes; and Sanscrit pradisa, or paradisa, a circuit or district; firdusi, Persian, a pleasure garden; ugadeiros, an enclosed garden, paradise; it is seen in the English words

appears to be Pa, to obstruct, hence Taie-pa or Pa-korokoro, are fences for farms; Rai he-pa and Parepare are fortifications for towns; and the same root is found in the the English parry.”—P. 182. New Zealand word pare, to ward off, and in

All the traditions that relate to the first arrival of the Maories at New Zealand, are naturally connected with canoes; and it is remarkable, that the canoes now in use are evidently smaller than those first brought. It is supposed that New Zealand was colonized from the Sandwich Islands, not above 500 for canoes, even of the size that were then in years ago. This may seem a long voyage use, but experience has proved that these small craft, under the management of the natives, can live through very rough weather. It is curious also that, as navigated by them, they do not take quite the same course through the waves that a European sailor would suppose. Taking into account the prevailing winds and currents of the South Sea, it is calculated that the track from the Sandwich Islands to New Zealand is just the one that native canoes would naturally take, though with English navigation it would be different. Small canoes take a different angle in the trough of each wave, which tells very materially in the general direction of a long

voyage.

The population, however, of these islands are undoubtedly a mixed race, descended from emigrants who have come from different places, and at many different times. There are traces of the Malay race, and also of the Chinese, but the supposed fate of the ten tribes shall be told by Mr. Taylor himself:

"When the King of Assyria carried away the ten tribes, though he placed them primarily on the shores of the Caspian, that would not long suit their habits of traffic. They would doubtless seek the grand marts of commerce; no longer possessing fixed homes, they became merchants, as a matter of course, and those who still continued to love war and independence, or a pastoral life would retire before their enemies, and thus, should it be proved that the Affghans are Jews, we see how they would reach that country. Whilst some, perhaps those from Babylon, remained in India, as the black Jews state they have done, some would pass on thence and people the Indian Isles, as the

Malays. From the Caspian, many may have | New Zealand, he owed much of it to personal followed the caravans across Central Asia, courage in boldly throwing himself among Thibet, and Tartary, until they reached the the Maori chiefs as if not at all apprehending Eastern Coast, and thence from island to that fate which in reality was in the highest island, this race, doomed to wander, may

have done so, either intentionally or other-degree probable; viz. that of being killed and wise, as ships are constantly picking up eaten. The native mind was thus softened large canoes, which have drifted away from and made capable of true sympathy, though their island homes. Doubtless this has ever in some instances the wild passions of their been the case, and whilst numbers have thus race broke out with terrible force, even after miserably perished, some few have escaped, many years of professed conversion. A and become the inhabitants of many a lone island of the Pacific Ocean. There is no change like that which has taken place in the saying where they may not have gone. The Maori race cannot be expected to avoid occafirst and most civilized settlers of the Amer- sional re-actions. The evil spirit will now icas seemed to have passed by the Aleutian and then burst forth with the last effort of Isles to the continent; others, drifted by the despairing energy, will again assert its domincourse of currents, have reached the Sand- ion after being apparently driven out. A wich Isles, and thence gone even to Easter Isle. The natives, in their traditions, prefrightful instance of this occurred in the hisserve the name of the island they came from, tory of a chief, named Hongi. His first inwhich is Hawaiki."- Pp. 191, 192.

This is more than sufficiently absurd. Tasman was the first discoverer of New Zealand in 1642, and he supposed that the whole of this country formed part of the Australian continent. A long interval then occurs in our knowledge of the island, which brings down its history to a generation of men, of whom some yet remain alive.

Whaling ships, after this, paid frequent visits to the island; and in 1814, Mr. Marsden, the senior chaplain of New South Wales, claims the honor of having first preached the gospel.

troduction is described as follows:

"Mr. Marsden met with him during his first visit to the Bay of Islands, in 1814; he described him then as a warrior, but of a very mild disposition, and with very little appearance of the savage about him. He was the Chief of seventeen places, but chiefly residing at the Keri Keri. He was of an ingenious turn of mind, extremely anxious to learn European arts, and, at Mr. Marsden's request, made a bust of himself, with a piece of an old iron hoop, his only implement; on this he delineated his own moko (tatoo), and this was sent to the Church Mission-house, where it is still preserved, and is, indeed, a very creditable performance."-P. 309.

"Of all the persons connected with the After this he was the uniform protector of civilization of New Zealand, no one stands the missionaries, and so promising a disciple higher than Samuel Marsden. Cook took of civilization was he, that in 1820 he visited possession of the country in the name of his England with a relation, and resided at CamSovereign, but it was Marsden who first un-bridge to assist Professor Lee in drawing up furled the banner of the Prince of Peace, his New Zealand Grammar. Hongi's wish and claimed those fair realms, then laid in

heathen darkness, on behalf of the King of was to see the king, and then to carry back kings. It was Marsden who first introduced with him a hundred men of various mechantheir savage inhabitants to Christian philan-ical pursuits, together with missionaries, who thropy, and enlisted the sympathy of the Church in their behalf; and having obtained aid, he brought it himself, and was the first to proclaim the message of mercy on their

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He was the honored instrument who laid the first stone of the Church, and thus commenced a work which has increased in magnitude with increasing years, and has now added those widespread realms to the kingdom of the Lord our righteousness." Pp. 181, 182.

The success of Mr. Marsden was great, and in common with the present Bishop of

might teach the arts and religion to the Maories at home. He also wished for twenty soldiers, and three officers. George the Fourth had an interview with him and presented him with several suits of armor, and double-berrelled guns, and an ill-omened sword.

The unfortunate instinct of his English friends to foster, by their presents, his warlike tastes was the means of inspiring within him a most fatal ambition. He desired on his return to be king of New Zealand, as George the Fourth was of England, and ac

cordingly sought for a quarrel with his neighbors. His first war was productive of fearful and cruel results.

and then divided his battle-axes and firearms amongst them, sternly demanding, Who will dare to attack my followers after I am gone?'

"Early next morning, though evidently sinking fast, he continued to rally his friends, and said, 'No matter from what quarter your enemies come, let their numbers be ever so great, should they come here hungry for you, kia toa, kia toa, be brave, be brave! Thus will you revenge my 'death, and thus only do I wish to be revenged.' He continued repeating these words until he expired." - P. 315.

"Hongi had twenty prisoners on board his canoe, whom he intended to retain as slaves; but his daughter, who had lost her husband in the fight, with dishevelled locks, rushed down to the water's edge, as the canoe touched the shore, and seizing the sword presented to her father by the King's own hand, jumped on board, and smote off sixteen heads of the poor captives, who, without a murmur, placed their necks over the side-board of the canoe.* Twenty more were also killed and eaten; and yet the The history of many other chiefs is given frantic woman, not thinking that the shade of by Mr. Taylor, but we have no more space her husband was sufficiently appeased with for extracts, and must refer to the work this sacrifice, went into the bush with a itself for the very graphic descriptions there loaded musket, and there shot herself; the contained of the strange horrors that accomball, however, only passing through her arm, instead of her head, she was still alive when pany now, as formerly, the casting out of evil found, but determined to accompany her spirits. husband to the Reinga, she afterwards strangled herself." - P. 313.

His name spread terror wherever he went, till he became a kind of Napoleon of New Zealand. At length, however, he received a wound, and after lingering for a whole year,

terminated his existence in the awful manner here related.

Mr. Taylor's comments on Church government are beyond our present object to discuss. He obviously takes a different view of things from Bishop Selwyn, of whom nevertheless he speaks with a deference that comes all the cient grasp of Church principles, but of suffimore gracefully from a man of very insufficiently long experience, (for Mr. Taylor was in those parts twenty years,) to give him full "In his last hours, so far from attending right, without any charge of presumption, to to the words of the Missionaries, he urged speak his own mind freely. His sneering his followers to prosecute the war, and exterminate his enemies. When Patuone language about the Canterbury Settlement visited him, a day or two before his death, deserves exceptional rebuke. On one, and and was told he was dying, he said, 'No, I that the main point; viz., one of fact, we am not dying: my heart is quite light. I have the united testimony of both Mr. Taylor am not dying.' The next day he fainted, and the Bishop. A change has come over and was supposed to be dead; when he re- the Maori race, more corresponding with vived, he said, he should die, but not until primitive conversions than has been witnessed the morrow. He ordered his powder to be for many centuries. They were blind, brought to him, and when he saw it, he said to his children, ka ora koutou, you will be whereas now they see; and in this fact we safe; intimating, that powder would be their may rest satisfied, that even though some difprotection. He then summoned his sons, ferences of opinion have been at work, the and gave the coat of mail he had received One Great Agent has been truly at work, from the King of England to one of them, preparing an acceptable people to be added

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to His Church.

GOD AND MAN, IN ANGLO-SAXON. Of their perfection, striking as it may appear, is perhaps conception of the essence of the Divine being, less remarkable than the fact that the word the Anglo-Saxon language affords a singular Man, which they used as we do to designate a testimony, for the name God signifies good. human being, also signified wickedness; showing He was goodness itself, and the Author of all how well they were aware that our fallen nature goodness. Yet the idea of denoting the Deity had become identified with_sin and corruption. by a term equivalent to abstract and absolute-Palgrave's History of England.

From The Press, 24 May.
TRIPARTITE TREATY.

THE question is now raised-What is the
meaning of the Tripartite Treaty of the 15th
of April? It is no answer to this question
to refer us to the bare text of the Treaty.
We
We can all read that it guarantees the in-
tegrity of the Ottoman empire. But we de-
sire to learn something more. We want to
know what circumstances and considerations
were thought to render that Treaty neces-
sary. The security of Turkey was guaran-
teed by the general Treaty of March 30.
That treaty put an end to the war by remov-
ing its causes. What were the further mo-
tives which led to the Tripartite Treaty?
What European necessity prompted it? In
a word, what was the policy which dictated
it, and what policy does it represent?

sition becomes decided the alliance would cease, and the Tripartite Treaty would become waste paper.

alliances of powerful States can be limited to special ends. They must from their very nature be of a wide and general character. They must represent a system of policy. What can be more ridiculous than to suppose, as Lord Palmerston pretends, that States can be closely allied with each other as respects some ends, and decidedly hostile to each other as respects other ends- that they can at one and the same time be agreed and disagreed that they can be united and repugnant-bound in amity by a junction of right hands, while stabbing at each other with left hands? Does any sane man believe that England, France, and Austria, while firmly associated on the Turkish question, can be dissociated on the Italian question, or any other question whatever? While their alliance subsists, they will find some Can it seriously be maintained that this way or other of accommodating all differTripartite Treaty represents nothing more ences which could disturb it. In considerathan an agreement between the three con- tion of the advantages and the strength retracting Powers that the common Treaty of sulting from it, they will easily make some the 30th March shall be duly executed? sacrifices of sentiment and predilection. That Why should such provision be made? Great they should at once be not only united and Powers, like England, and France, and opposed is not only improbable but impossiAustria, do not enter into solemn and bind-ble; for, from the instant that their oppoing engagements with each other without a clear perception of ends, and of their power of carrying those ends into effect. It is, at least, certain that in this instance the three Sardinia understands this. She is awakPowers felt sure that their alliance would be ening to the inevitable consequences of the sufficiently powerful to secure their object - Triple Alliance. Her position is embarrassthat the alliance would give them a prepon- ing and painful. She joined the Allies in derating weight and influence in Europe, arms while Austria still held back. It is and that no combination which could be not to be supposed that a State like Sardinia formed by other Powers would be able to would engage in a war which in no way dimake head against it. If we regard this rectly concerned her without hope of some Triple Alliance by the text of the treaty advantage. She stood forward in opposition alone, is it yet possible to avoid the conclu- to Austria as the champion of Italian unity sion that the three parties in union consider and independence. She hoped to increase themselves the arbiter of Europe- that her weight as an Italian power. Why might while the alliance lasts no disturbance can not Austria retain the Danubian provinces arise which they have not the means of easily in exchange for her Italian Territory? Sarsuppressing- that no war can break out dinia would, in that case, be freed from a which will not be under the complete control hostile and powerful neighbor, and Lomof their forces? If the alliance does not re-bardy might be united to Piedmont. Such present this idea of European predominance, speculations were encouraged by public it can have no meaning whatever, for it would pretend to guarantee an object which it has not the power of securing. Lord Palmerston must have had a sovereign contempt for the understanding, or the principle, of the assembly he was addressing, when he asserted that this Triple Alliance did not in any way imply an ascendency in Europe. The presumption of such ascendency is the very foundation upon which it rests."

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Not less absurd was Lord Palmerston's argument that this Tripartite Treaty could have no influence on the general policy of Europe, because it was concluded for a specific purpose. It is impossible that the

opinion in this country. Sardinia believed beyond doubt that when the Italian question was next raised, France and England would stand by her side in opposition to Austria.

Sho

What is the case now? The Italian question has become urgent. The excitement caused by the war cannot be suppressed. On one side Sardinia is pressed by the secret societies of Italy, and on the other she is met by the firm resistance of Austria. appeals to France and England for aid; with what result we may conjecture from the assurance in the organ of the Premier, that "in relation to the state of Italy the English government is doing just nothing at all. It

looks on and waits. When the time of erdeen? We may have no cause to condemn action comes it will know its duty." These his policy, but we have a right to know may probably be Lord Palmerston's own what it is. The Prime Minister of England words. They are not very dissimilar to those he employed in the House on Monday evening.

While waiting for "the time of action," Italy is to be soothed by promises of reform. Lord Minto's mission was to promote reform, and we know what kind of reform it tended to produce. The Italian people are not to be thus put off. They desire liberty, they desire to be freed from foreign domination, and they will be content with nothing less. Pio Nino began his pontificate in a most reforming spirit. Count Rossi, a layman and a most beneficent and enlightened statesman, was his Minister, and Count Rossi fell by the daggers of assassins. Austria desires to introduce into her Italian administration as much reform as is practicable, and as much freedom as is safe. But her good intentions are restrained by the violence she has to control. Why is her rule in Lombardy different from her rule in the Tyrol, but because in the one case she is compelled to be severe, and in the other she can afford to be confiding.

Situated as Italy is, coerced by governments the people are anxious to overthrow, there is no policy possible but a repressive policy. If freed from foreign domination, Italy might show capacity for self-government, and become united and free. But between perfect liberty and stern government there can be no medium. The secret societies aim at liberation, and they will be content with nothing less. They must be satisfied or repressed.

should disdain to skulk in the dark ways of diplomatic deceit. What an insult is it to the people of this country to assume that their foreign relations must be conducted by trick and subterfuge, and that they can be trapped by false professions into approval of a policy which they would reject with contumely if supported by a manly and honest avowal of principle!

From The Trait d'Union (Mexican paper), 3 June. EUROPEAN INTERVENTION IN AMERICA THERE are events of which we have a presentiment, which we see approach, which must infallibly arrive, and the realization of which we consider inevitable in a future more or less proximate, without our having at the same time, in support of such suppositions, either positive reasons or data rigorously conclusive.

In the number of these events we must place the approaching intervention of the great European Powers in the affairs of America. We shall not, certainly, undertake to prove how and why this great fact is to be realized, but we have the intimate conviction that it will be realized; and, better still, that it will take place before long.

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The symptoms which are floating in the atmosphere, the aspect of the horizon, distant sounds barely audible, a crowd of indications more or less vague thousands of arguments, without strength if we examine them separately, but powerful if we group them together, force us, in spite of ourselves, to become prophets.

America cannot remain in its present position. Of two things one is certain in the disorganization of forces presented by the different nations of which it is composed, we must suppose necessarily that the North will absorb the South, or that a powerful intervention will interpose for the protection of the weak against the strong, and the reestablishment of the lost equilibrium.

To which line of policy does the Triple Alliance point? In presence of that great fact, the encouragement still held out to the Italian patriots is a mockery, and it is as mischievous as it is insincere. Lord Palmerston was never more disingenuous than in his speech of Monday night. He has concluded the Triple Alliance, that a predominant power may be constituted in Europe; and he repudiates the Alliance, lest he should If we were still at the point where our anoffend his Liberal supporters. He professes cestors were a hundred years ago; if the one system of policy in his speeches, while relations between the Old and New Worlds he supports a directly opposite system by his had only just been opened; if there had not acts. He is an absolutist in the Cabinet, been so considerable a mixture between the and a revolutionist out of it. His double-different races; if the interests of the nations dealing dishonors the nation, and stirs up were not so consolidated; if, in short, Europe disturbance in every part of Europe, where and America could now, as formerly, live elements of disaffection exist. His pro- each its own life, without caring about or fessed enmity is a safeguard, and his professed friendship a pitfall.

If he conceives an Austrian Alliance to be favorable to this country, why should he not express his convictions? Why should he be less candid than his late colleague, Lord Ab

occupying itself which the other, the first of our two hypotheses would be that which would be realized: the North would absorb the South, and no one would have an idea of opposing it, for no one would have an interest in doing so.

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