AMERICAN INSUBORDINATION.

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order as were the French soldiers. The eyes of these brave Englishmen were cast down ; each man advanced in succession to an open place agreed upon, and there silently laid down his arms. The English officers, returning, saluted the French officers, which salute was courteously acknowledged. Americans, who remained in Yorktown, unused to the strict discipline and rigid etiquette which restrained the French at such a time, so affronted the English, that several English persons came to claim the protection of the French, which protection was readily accorded: amongst these there was an English lady, who implored that a French guard should be appointed over her house, that she and her children might be protected from American violence."

* Many of the soldiers threw down their muskets with a violence sufficient to break them. This irregularity was checked by General Lincoln; yet it was excusable in brave men in their unfortunate predicament.--Thacker, p. 346. The number of prisoners made by the above capitulation amounted to 7,073, of whom 5,950 were rank and file. Six commissioned officers, and twenty-eight non-commissioned officers, had previously been captured in the two redoubts. The loss of the combined army in killed was about 300. The loss sustained by the garrison during the siege in killed, wounded, and missing, amounted to 552. The combined army to which Lord Cornwallis surrendered was estimated at 16,000, of whom 7000 were French, 5,500 continentals, and 3500 militia.-Holmes' Annals, vol. ii., p. 333.-(Quoted by Washington Irving).

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THE DAY OF CAPITULATION.

But the French Abbé, who relates this fact, acknowledges that the humanity of General Washington was equal to that of Count Ro

chambeau.

These two great chiefs, French and American, returned thanks-each according to his creed-to God who had gotten them the victory. Congress issued a proclamation appointing a day of general thanksgiving, and it was decreed that a column commemorative of the alliance of France and America, and of the victory just achieved, should be erected at Yorktown. (To this day-1862-the "Day of Capitulation" is solemnly observed in America.)

When Lord George Germaine announced the capitulation to Lord North in Downing Street, the "ostensible minister" flung up his arms and cried: "Oh God! it is all over!" When intelligence of the event reached France, the Court and the people there were for once united by a common joy.

As the Princesse de Lamballe is now about to show us, the gathering cloud of the Queen's dark destiny was then for a moment streaked with sunshine.

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CHAPTER VI.

A Dauphin born-Joy of the Princesse Elizabeth and of the Princesse de Lamballe-Chagrin of M. le Comte d'Artois The King's Te Deum at Notre Dame-Contemporary comments on the public thanksgiving for the Dauphin's birth and for the capitulation at Yorktown-Last public appearance of M. le Comte de Maurepas-Paris Trades' Deputations at Versailles and their offerings--Evil omen on the terrace of Versailles-Death of the King's Prime Minister-Re-appearance of Dr. Mesmer in Paris-Original Memorials to Dr. Mesmer-Cardinal de Bernis-Visit of the Duchesse de Chartres to Cardinal de Bernis-Conversation between Cardinal de Bernis and Madame de Genlis-Republican French heroes at Versailles-The Count de Lauraguais Contemporary chronicles of the Queen's visit to the Hôtel de Ville in Paris-" Contemporary sugar-candy course of history"-The people's ball at Versailles-The Poissardes-M. le Duc de Crillon at Minorca-Departure of the Count d'Artois and the Duc de Bourbon for Gibraltar-Recruits for Count de Rochambeau's army-Departure of M. le Duc de Lauzun and of

M. le Comte de Sègur for America-Visit of young French nobles to a Convent at Terceira-Original account of their adventures there-Heraldic devices of French heroes in America-The American militia-man's "Cap of Liberty "-Polly Lecton, the American Quakeress-Lally and Tippoo Saib-French chivalry in India-Mutual appreciation of French and English commanders at Gibraltar-Horace Walpole's triumph over "the Rev. Mr. Cole "-Reception of Lafayette at the Opera of Paris-Contemporary chronicles of Lafayette's seditious sayings-Visit of the Grand-Duke and GrandDuchess of Russia to France-Antipathy of Marie Antoinette to Catherine of Russia-Re-appearance of Cardinal de Rohan in France-Contemporary chronicles of the sayings and doings of the Grand-Duke and GrandDuchess of Russia-The last days of Diderot-Original Decrees of Versailles in favour of Protestants in France -Marie Antoinette and Madame de Genlis-Noble conduct of Admiral Rodney towards M. le Comte de Grasse -Generous reception of the vanquished French commander in London-Point de Grace in Paris-Reception of Lord Cornwallis in England-Lafayette and d'Estaing at Cadiz―The treaty of peace-The later years of d'Estaing-Dr. Franklin's vow fulfilled-Original autograph letter from Dr. Franklin to his son- -Dr. Franklin's last days, last bequest, and epitaph-Return of the Count de Rochambeau to France-His reception at Versailles-His reception in London-Brief popularity of Louis XVI. and of Marie Antoinette-The Princesse de Lamballe's account of herself and Gluck, the musician-The death of Metastasio-Figaro!-Original reflections of the Abbé Robin on French Philosophy in the eighteenth century— Summary-Lafayette and Napoléon I.

JOY AT VERSAILLES.

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A DAUPHIN was born on the 22nd of October, 1781. "To prevent a recurrence of the disasters which had signalized the Queen's first accouchement," says the Princess de Lamballe, "the number of persons who were permitted to enter her Majesty's chamber on this occasion was limited. The silence observed by all present at the moment that the babe entered the world, left the Queen in uncertainty as to its sex, until the King (after the keeper of the seals had verified that an heir to the throne was born) said to her Majesty, with tears of joy in his eyes: 'Madame, you have fulfilled the hopes of the nation and myself; you are mother of a Dauphin.'

"The Princesse Elizabeth and I were so overjoyed by this news, that we embraced everybody who was in the room."

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"The joy of the King," says Madame Campan, was extreme; tears flowed from his eyes; he presented his hand to everybody without distinction, and his happiness entirely overcame his usually sombre manner. Gay, affable, he incessantly renewed occasions of uttering the words, my son,' or 'the Dauphin.""

Madame de Guémenée (the first gouvernante of