the scientific world, inasmuch as they had gathered tegether a collection of instruments from all parts of the earth-instruments that were not only models of ingenuity and skilful workmanship, but also evidences of deep thought and searching intellectual labours. The present was the first serious, or, at all events, the first successful, attempt that had been made at a cosmopolitan collection of the kind. There were exhibited the original locomotive engines, the "Rocket" and "Puffing Billy," which made a great figure by their size; also some of Papin's apparatus, the first hydraulic press of Bramah, and Mr. Froude's machinery for testing the forms best suited to ships by measuring the resistance of their moulds. This method is now used for Her Majesty's ships. Lighthouses were well represented, as well as ships, as also Dr. Tyndall's fog-horns. Mr. Walter's type-founding and distributing apparatus excited much attention. The type caster is a machine which turns out large quantities of type in rows ready to be placed in the composing machine. In the type caster many of the parts have to be kept cool by currents of water in their interior, and the successive difficulties encountered in the machine manufacture of type have been most ingeniously overcome.

Many very interesting historical instruments were exhibited. We may notice Cook and Wheatstone's first telegraph, Gauss and Weber's ditto, Tycho Brahe's quadrant, the telescopes of Galileo, Huyghens, and Herschell, Foucault's siderostat, Sir Francis Drake's astrolabe, &c. The instruments of more modern times are endless. Those of Germany are, perhaps, the best. Applied mechanics were largely represented; machines by Mr. Donkin, Dr. Zmarsko, of Lemberg, Messrs. Tisley and Spiller, and Professor Knoblauch showed various forms of kinematic machinery. Models of figures in space were in quantity, and most puzzling they looked to the uninitiated. A numerous collection of figures of this type was contributed by the South Kensington Museum, Messrs. Eigel and Lesemeister, of Cologne, Lohde, Henrici, and Sylvester. Calculating, time measuring, and land measuring machines were well represented. Sir W. Thompson's tidal machine, which performs in an hour or two operations which have hitherto occupied skilled arithmeticians for twenty hours, was also there. The collection of maps, charts, &c., was immense. Mining instruments abounded. Medical science was prominent, the French being strong in this department; in short, no department of science was left unrepresented.

Remarkable discoveries were made at Olympia, in Greece, by Dr. Hirschfeld and M. Böttischer; the principal figure recovered in the excavations was one of "Victory," which appears to be without doubt the same which is described by Pausanias. An inscription on the base records how in a competition among the sculptors to be employed in the decoration of the pediments, Pæonias was the successful candidate. A number of inscriptions relating to the history of the Messenians also came to light. A succession of statues from the eastern pediment was discovered, among which were recognised one of the two river gods which, according to Pausanias, occupied the two ends of the pediments. On a bronze tablet is described a decree of the Elians, by which the services of a certain citizen of Tenedos are rewarded by the grant of "proxenia," which gave him most of the privileges of citizenship in Elis. This is of great interest as a specimen of dialect; the orthography is that of the Peloponesian Doric, by which "rho" is used instead of the final "sigma" at the end of words.

PART II.

CHRONICLE

OF REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES

IN 1876.

JANUARY.

1. THE PRINCE OF WALES AT CALCUTTA.-Our Chronicle for 1875 has followed, though necessarily by very brief summaries, the principal points of the Prince of Wales's successful tour in India. The close of the year left his Royal Highness at Calcutta, where early in the morning of New-Year's Day the Prince held a Chapter of the Star of India. Three Princes were invested with the insignia of Knights Grand Commanders of the Order-viz., the Maharajah of Jhoudpore and the Rajahs of Rampore and Jheend. Among the Knights Commanders were several other Indian princes, as well as some English officials. The ceremony lasted two hours, and was of a most imposing character. The gorgeous costumes of the native princes and chiefs and their attendants formed a splendid and brilliant pageant. There were upwards of 12,000 spectators, including the chief officials and leading natives. Fresh salutes were fired at the conclusion of the ceremony, after which the procession re-formed in reverse order, the Prince of Wales at the head. In the afternoon his Royal Highness unveiled a statue of Lord Mayo. This statue, a colossal equestrian one, the work of Mr. Thornycroft, stands on the Maidan, near Government House. Several Rajahs were present, and Mr. Bullen Smith read an address. The Prince expressed a melancholy satisfaction at unveiling the statue of one whom he had been proud to call his friend, and who would have left a great name among Indian Viceroys had he lived. On behalf of the widow, children, and friends of Lord Mayo he thanked the committee for what they had done in honour of his memory.

On Monday the 3rd a convocation of the University assembled for the purpose of conferring the honorary degree of Doctor of

A

the scientific world, inasmuch as they had gathered tegether a collection of instruments from all parts of the earth-instruments that were not only models of ingenuity and skilful workmanship, but also evidences of deep thought and searching intellectual labours. The present was the first serious, or, at all events, the first successful, attempt that had been made at a cosmopolitan collection of the kind. There were exhibited the original locomotive engines, the "Rocket" and "Puffing Billy," which made a great figure by their size; also some of Papin's apparatus, the first hydraulic press of Bramah, and Mr. Froude's machinery for testing the forms best suited to ships by measuring the resistance of their moulds. This method is now used for Her Majesty's ships. Lighthouses were well represented, as well as ships, as also Dr. Tyndall's fog-horns. Mr. Walter's type-founding and distributing apparatus excited much attention. The type caster is a machine which turns out large quantities of type in rows ready to be placed in the composing machine. In the type caster many of the parts have to be kept cool by currents of water in their interior, and the successive difficulties encountered in the machine manufacture of type have been most ingeniously overcome. Many very interesting historical instruments were exhibited. notice Cook and Wheatstone's first telegraph, Gauss and Weber's ditto, Tycho Brahe's quadrant, the telescopes of Galileo, Huyghens, and Herschell, Foucault's siderostat, Sir Francis Drake's astrolabe, &c. The instruments of more modern times are endless. Those of Germany are, perhaps, the best. Applied mechanics were largely represented; machines by Mr. Donkin, Dr. Zmarsko, of Lemberg, Messrs. Tisley and Spiller, and Professor Knoblauch showed various forms of kinematic machinery. Models of figures in space were in quantity, and most puzzling they looked to the uninitiated. A numerous collection of figures of this type was contributed by the South Kensington Museum, Messrs. Eigel and Lesemeister, of Cologne, Lohde, Henrici, and Sylvester. Calculating, time measuring, and land measuring machines were well represented. Sir W. Thompson's tidal machine, which performs in an hour or two operations which have hitherto occupied skilled arithmeticians for twenty hours, was also there. The collection of maps, charts, &c., was immense. Mining instruments abounded. Medical science was prominent, the French being strong in this department ; in short, no department of science was left unrepresented.

We may

Remarkable discoveries were made at Olympia, in Greece, by Dr. Hirschfeld and M. Böttischer; the principal figure recovered in the excavations was one of "Victory," which appears to be without doubt the same which is described by Pausanias. An inscription on the base records how in a competition among the sculptors to be employed in the decoration of the pediments, Paonias was the successful candidate. A number of inscriptions relating to the history of the Messenians also came to light. A succession of statues from the eastern pediment was discovered, among which were recognised one of the two river gods which, according to Pausanias, occupied the two ends of the pediments. On a bronze tablet is described a decree of the Elians, by which the services of a certain citizen of Tenedos are rewarded by the grant of" proxenia," which gave him most of the privileges of citizenship in Elis. This is of great interest as a specimen of dialect; the orthography is that of the Peloponesian Doric, by which "rho" is used instead of the final "sigma" at the end of words.

PART II.

CHRONICLE

OF REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES

IN 1876.

JANUARY.

1. THE PRINCE OF WALES AT CALCUTTA.—Our Chronicle for 1875 has followed, though necessarily by very brief summaries, the principal points of the Prince of Wales's successful tour in India. The close of the year left his Royal Highness at Calcutta, where early in the morning of New-Year's Day the Prince held a Chapter of the Star of India. Three Princes were invested with the insignia of Knights Grand Commanders of the Order-viz., the Maharajah of Jhoudpore and the Rajahs of Rampore and Jheend. Among the Knights Commanders were several other Indian princes, as well as some English officials. The ceremony lasted two hours, and was of a most imposing character. The gorgeous costumes of the native princes and chiefs and their attendants formed a splendid and brilliant pageant. There were upwards of 12,000 spectators, including the chief officials and leading natives. Fresh salutes were fired at the conclusion of the ceremony, after which the procession re-formed in reverse order, the Prince of Wales at the head. In the afternoon his Royal Highness unveiled a statue of Lord Mayo. This statue, a colossal equestrian one, the work of Mr. Thornycroft, stands on the Maidan, near Government House. Several Rajahs were present, and Mr. Bullen Smith read an address. The Prince expressed a melancholy satisfaction at unveiling the statue of one whom he had been proud to call his friend, and who would have left a great name among Indian Viceroys had he lived. On behalf of the widow, children, and friends of Lord Mayo he thanked the committee for what they had done in honour of his memory.

On Monday the 3rd a convocation of the University assembled for the purpose of conferring the honorary degree of Doctor of

A

Laws upon his Royal Highness, this being the first honorary degree which the University has granted. In the evening the Prince started by special train for Bankipore, and on the following morning reached Benares.

THE STAR OF INDIA. Of the insignia of all the Orders of Knighthood, that of the Most Exalted the Star of India is perhaps the most elaborate and gorgeous. The Star, which is fastened on the breast of the new-made Knights, is made of diamonds resting upon a light blue enamelled circular ribbon tied at the ends, and bearing the motto of the Order, "Heaven's Light our Guide." There was a happy ingenuity in hitting upon this device, which is applicable to all religions, and may be conscientiously worn alike by those members who believe in one or in many Deities. From the star of brilliants there issue waved rays of gold, making a very handsome ornament, while the Collar of the Order is composed of roses alternating with the lotus flower, and divided by branches of palm, tied together, as heralds say, "in saltier." In the centre of the collar is an imperial crown, richly enamelled, like the other adornments, in proper colours upon a gold ground, and the roses are mixed white and red, while the lotus, as all know, is the sacred blossom of the Hindoo faith and literature. The palms at once lend an Oriental character to the insignia, and illustrate the statutes of the foundation which confers this exalted decoration " upon such Princes and Chiefs as shall have entitled themselves to Her Majesty's favour, and upon such of Her Majesty's subjects, native and English, as have, by important and loyal services rendered by them to the Indian Empire, merited the Royal favour." The Badge of the Star of India is formed of an onyx cameo portrait of the Queen set in a perforated and enriched oval of gold, upon the rim of which is again inscribed the pious motto, and another diamond star links this pendant with the collar. It remains only to mention that the Riband of the Order is of a pale azure, having a narrow white stripe near either edge, while the Mantle is of light blue satin lined with white, and fastened with a cordon of white silk with blue and silver tassels-a representation of the Star of the Order being worked into its left side.

2. BURNING OF THE "WARSPITE."-A catastrophe similar to that which overtook the "Goliath " last month has destroyed the Marine Society's training ship "Warspite," at Woolwich. The "Warspite" was an old fourth-rate line-of-battle ship, and for the last fifteen years had been lent by the Admiralty to the Marine Society, for the training of poor and destitute lads. It was stationed off Charlton, near Woolwich, and had generally 200 boys on board, but at this time there were about twenty of them on shore, in consequence of an outbreak of ringworm, which the surgeon was trying to eradicate by isolation; and when the fire was discovered all the rest, with the exception of one officer and four lads, who were on watch, were asleep in their hammocks.