An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English

1st element accented syllable accentual pattern acoustic adjacent Advice to foreign affricates air-stream allophone alveolar alveolar ridge articulation articulatory bilabial Cardinal Vowel central Chief sources.-PresE close vowel closure connected speech consonantal context cues dental devoicing diphthong distinction eModE English especially ǝʊ final positions following vowel foreign learners formant fortis and lenis fortis consonant French frequently fricative friction front vowel glide glottal glottal stop half-close homorganic intonation labio-dental language length lenis linguistic lip-rounding medial morpheme nasal consonant normally nucleus occur opposition phonemes pitch prominence place of articulation plosive post-vocalic preceding PresE primary accent pronounced pronunciation realized reduced relatively release retracted rhythmic RP speakers Scottish English secondary accent sequence seventeenth century soft palate sound spelling spelt stress tion unaccented syllables utterance variation velar vibration vocal cords voiced voiceless weak word final word initial