The SECOND GRAND DIVISION of the UNITED STATES comprehends NEW YORK, DELAWARE, NEW JERSEY, TERRITORY N. W. of OHIO, Boundaries.] B de, from which it is feparated by OUNDED north, by Upper Cana the Lakes; eaft, by the New England States; fouth, by the Atlantic ocean, Maryland, Virginia, and the Ohio river, which feparates it from Kentucky; west, by the Miffifippi river. Rivers and Bays.] The principal rivers in this diftri&t are the Hudfon, the Delaware, the Sufquehannah, the Ohio, the Miffilippi, and their branches. York, Delaware, and part of Chefapeak Bays are in this district. Climate. The climate of this Grand Divifion, lying almost in the fame latitudes, varies but little from that of New England. There are no two fucceffive years alike. Even the fame fucceffive feafons and months dif fer from each other every year. And there. is perhaps but one steady trait in the character of this climate, and that is, it is uniformly variable. The changes of wea ther are great, and frequently fudden. There are feldom more than four months in the year in which the weather is agreeable without a fire. In winter, the winds generally come from the N. W. in fair, and from the N. E. in wet weather. The N. W. winds are uncommonly dry as well as cold. The climate on the weft fide of the Allegany moun. tains differs materially from that on the eaft fide, in the temperature of the air, and the effects of the wind upon the weather, and in the quantity of rain and frow which fall every year. The S. W. winds, on the weft fide of the mountain, are accompanied by cold and rain. The temperature of the air is feldom fo cold, or fo hot, by several degrees, as on the east side of the mountains. OA On the whole, it appears that the climate of this divifion of the United States is a compound of most of the climates in the world: It has the mouture of Ireland in fpring; the heat of Africa in fummer; the temperature of Italy in June; the fky of Exypt in autumn; the fnow and celd of Norway, and the ice of Holland in winter; the tempels (in a certain degree of the Weft Indies, in every fefon; and the variable winds and weather of Great britaia in every month in the year. From this account of the climate of this cotrict, it is ealy to afcertain what degrees it health, and what difeafes prevail. As the inhabitants have the climates, fo they have the acute dikkafes of all the countries that have been mentioned. Although it might be fuppeted that with fuch changes and varieties in the weather, there would be connected epidemical difeafes, and an unwholesome climate, yet, on the whole, it is tonnd, in this district, to be as healthy as any part of the United States. between 40 30x45 N. lat. 44,000 Boundaries.] B the Atlantic Ocean; eatt, by OUNDED foutheastwardly, by Connecticut, Mafachusetts and Vermort; north, by the 45th degree of latitude, which divides it from Canada; northwestwardly, by the river Iroquoi, or St. Law. rence, and the lakes Ontario and Erie; fouthwelt and fouth, by Pennfylvania and New-Jersey. Civil Divifions.] This state is divided into 30 counties, which, by an act of the legislature, paled in March, 1788, were fubdivided into townships. If we include Long Bland, Gounties. Rivers and Canals.] Hudfon's river is one of the largest rivers in the United States. It rifes in the mountainous country between the lakes Ontario and Champlaine. Its whole length is about 250 miles. From Albany to Lake George, is 65 miles. This distance, the river is navigable only for batteaux, and has two portages, occafioned by falls, of half a mile each. The tide flows a few miles above Albany, which is 160 miles from New York. It is navigable for floops of 80 tons to Albany, and for fhips to Hudfon. About 60 miles above New York, the water becomes frei. The river is ftored with a variety of fifh, which renders a fummer's paffage to Albany delightful and amusing to thofe who are fond of angling. The The increafing population of the fertile lands upen the northern branches of the Hudin, must annually increase the amazing wealth that is conveyed by its wa ters to New York. Added to this, the ground has been marked out, the level afcertaired, and a company incorporated, by the name of "The Prefident, Directors and Company of the Northern Island Lock Navigation, in the ftate of New York," ard tunds fubfcried, for the purpose of cutting a canal from the nearest approx. imating point of Hudton's river to S uth Bay, which empties into the futh end of Lake Champlaine. The ditance is 18 miles. Thefe works are begun under a favourable prospect of beir x foon completed. Saranac river paffes through Piattburgh into Like Champlaine. Sable river not far from the Sararac, is feareely Go yards wide. On this fream are remarkable fals, The river Boquet paties through the town or WO'G borough. At this place are the remains of an intrenchment thrown up by Gerer il Bargoyne. Black river rifes in the high country, near the fources of Canada Creek, which fails into Mohawk river, and takes its courfe N W. and then N. E. till it difcharges itfelf ir to Cataraqua or Iroque is river. Onondaga river rifes in the Oreida Lake, and runs weftwardly into Lake Ontario at Ofwego. Mohawk river paties to the northward of Fort Stanwix, ard runs fouthwardly 20 miles, to the fort; then eastwardly 110 miles, into the Hudion. The produce that is conveyed down this river is landed in Skene&ady, and is thence carried by land fixteen mile, ever a burren fhrubby plain to Albany, through which a turnpike is contemplated. Since the completion of the locks aud carals at the Little Falls, 56 miles above Ske ectady, the river is pafiable for beats from Skenecady, nearly or quite to its fource. The perpendi.ular defcent of thefe falls is 42 feet, in the courfe of one mile. Acanal and locks round thefe falls was completed in he autumn of 1795. The Cohoez, in this river, are a reat curiofity. They are three miles from its entrance to the Hudfon. The river is about 100 yards wide; the rock, P rock, over which it pours as over a mill-dam, 'extends almost in a line from one fide of the river to the other, and is about 30 feet perpendicular height. Including the defcent above, the fall is as much as 60 or 70 feet. A company, by the name of "The Prefident, Directors and Company of the Western Inland Lock Navigation, in the State of New York," were incorporated by the legiflature of New York, in March, 1792, for the purpofe of opening a lock navigation from the now navigable part of Hudfon's river, to be extended to Lake Ontario, and to the Seneca Lake. Thefe works are nearly completed. Delaware river rifes in Lake Utftayantho, latitude 42° 25', and takes its courfe fouthweft, until it croffes into Pennfylvania, in latitude 42°; thence fouthwardly, dividing New York from Pennsylvania, until it ftrikes the northwest corner of New Jersey, in latitude 41° 24′; and then paffes off to the fea, through Delaware Bay, having New Jersey on the eaft fide, and Pennsylvania and Delaware on the west. Sufquehannah E. Branch river has its fource in Lake Otfego, latitude 42° 55'. Batteaux pafs to its fource: thence to Mohawk river is but 20 miles, capable of good roads. Tyoga river rifes in the Allegany mountains, in about latitude 42°, runs eastwardly, and empties into the Sufquehannah at Tyoga point, in latitude 41° 57'. It is boatable about 50 miles. Seneca river rifes in the Seneca country, and runs eastwardly, and in its paffage receives the waters of the Seneca and Cayuga lakes, and empties into the Onondaga river, 14 miles above the falls, at a place called Three Rivers. Within half a mile of Onondaga lake, a falt fpring iffues from the ground, the water of which is falter than that of the ocean. It conftantly emits water in fufficient quantity for works of any extent. is probable the whole country will be fupplied from this fpring, and at a very cheap rate. It Geneffee river rifes near the fource of the Tyoga, and empties into Lake Ontario, 80 miles eaft of Niagara Fort. The |