of nitromuriate of cobalt-turns green when heated, | whiteness may have it restored by immersion for ten and disappears again on cooling. 8. Solution of acetate of cobalt, to which a little nitre has been added-becomes rose-coloured when heated, and disappears again on being cooled.

Incorrodible and Indelible Inks.-Genuine asphaltum, one part; oil of turpentine, four parts; dissolve, and | picked.—Insects, which are usually mounted on pins add lamp-black or black-lead to bring it to a proper consistence. Or-asphaltum, one part; oil of turpentine, four parts; dissolve, and colour with printer's ink, which any printer will sell by way of favour. These inks supply a cheap and excellent material for marking linen, &c. They are very permanent. They should be employed with stamps or types, or with the thin brass plates with letters cut therein. This method of marking is neater and easier than with the brush or pen. The marking-inks of the shops generally consist of preparations of nitrate of silver; but though capable of withstanding ordinary washing, are by no means proof against chlorine and ammonia. One of these inks may be prepared as follows:-Nitrate of silver, one to two drachms; water, of an ounce; dissolve; add as much of the strongest ammonia water as will dissolve the precipitate formed on its first addition; then further, add mucilage one or two drachms, and a little sapgreen to colour. Writing executed with this ink turns black on being passed over a hot Italian-iron.

Common Inks and Writing Fluids, for which there are so many receipts, can be obtained so cheaply, and of such excellent quality, that it would be waste of time to attempt their manufacture for domestic use. An excellent ink, suitable for writing with steel pens, which it does not corrode, may be made of the following articles-Sixty grains of caustic soda, a pint of water, and as much Indian ink as you think fit for making a proper blackness. Copying ink is prepared by adding a little sugar to ordinary black ink.

Writing rendered illegible by age may be restored by moistening it by means of a feather with an infusion of galls, or a solution of prussiate of potash slightly acidulated with muriatic acid, observing so to apply the liquid as to prevent the ink from spreading.

Lucifers may be made by first dipping thin slips of fir-wood in melted sulphur, and then tipping them with a mixture of sulphuret of antimony and chlorate of potash (both in fine powder), made into a paste with a solution of gum. They are inflamed by friction against a piece of emery or sand-paper. They are now sold so cheaply, that it would be folly to attempt their manufacture on a small scale.

CABINET COLLECTIONS.

Taxidermy-so called from the Greek taxis, order, and derma, skin-is the art of arranging, preparing, and preserving the skins and other exuvia of animals, so as to represent their natural appearance. It embraces the entire art of preparing the skins of quadrupeds, the stuffing of birds and fishes, the mounting of insects, the cleaning and arranging of shells and zoophytes-in fine, the preparation and preservation of specimens in every department of the animal kingdom. Much of this lies of course beyond the circle of domestic economy, but many persons who have cabinets so arranged, allow them to fall into ruin and disorder for want of proper cleaning and attention.-Skins of quadrupeds and birds, whether mounted or not, should be kept free from dust either by being placed in cabinets, in glass cases, or under glass shades; when dusty, use bellows, and handle as little as possible. Arsenical soap, corrosive subliinate, and oil of turpentine, are the preservative preparations; and once a skin is thoroughly dried, it may be preserved from putrefaction by being kept dry afterwards. Small bags of camphor laid in cabinets assist in warding off moths and other insects; but even with this the specimens will require to be occasionally examined. Should insects have commenced their attacks on any specimen, the only chance of further preservation is to bake it thoroughly in an oven.--Bones which have lost their

or twelve hours in a weak solution of chloride of lime; and if oily, a little soda should be added to the solution. To obtain the skeleton of a small animal, bait the carcase with honey, and lay it near the nests of ants or wasps; in a few days it will be beautifully in flat trays with cork bottoms, or are kept in pillboxes, test-tubes, and quills, require very delicate handling. Once in possession of a collection, keep it dry and free from dust, and disturb the specimens as little as possible, as they are not only extremely fragile, but are apt to lose the rich downy covering of their wings, which gives them colour and beauty. To ward off the attacks of mites, keep a supply of camphor, or sponge dipped in spirit of turpentine, in each tray; and if these harpies should appear, bake before a slow fire, or take equal parts of oil of anise, oil of thyme, and alcohol; mix, and apply a drop to the infected specimen. When large-bodied specimens become greasy, dip in spirits of turpentine, and dry with calcined magnesia, which can afterwards be blown off.-In collecting shells, kill the animal by gradual immersion in hot water; and remove it with the point of a knife or crooked pin. Retain the operculum of univalves; and tie the bivalves together after the animal has been removed. Marine shells should be steeped in fresh-water for several hours, to remove all saline matter which would afterwards deliquesce. Remove all extraneous matter, as sea-weed, serpulæ, and the like, with the knife or brush. Dead shells, or those picked up along shore, have often a tarnished appearance; this may be remedied by applying a little oliveoil with a brush. Polishing and whitening with acids is a barbarity worthy only of the dealer in curiosities. No shell is fit for a cabinet after such mutilation. Shells may be either kept in trays, divided into numerous compartments, or attached to cards with a little gum. In the latter case it requires two specimens―one to exhibit the front, the other the back of the shell. Minute and fragile shells are best preserved in glass tubes common test-tubes.

Minerals are kept with little trouble, if dust be excluded. Never lift a fine specimen with the naked hand; stains of grease and perspiration are intolerable. Dust always with a pair of bellows. Certain species will endure washing; in other cases the appearance may be restored by fracturing anew.

Drying Flowers as Specimens.-A writer in the New Monthly Belle Assemblée' recommends the following plan:- As pressure is necessary for drying flowers, the first thing requisite is to construct a press, which in this instance is composed of two of the thickest milled boards, each twenty inches in length and fourteen in width; also two leatherr straps with buckles, and holes at intervals, to allow for the varying bulk of the press; then procure two quires of coarse sugarpaper, which can be purchased at a grocer's. After having selected the most perfect specimens of flowers, with their stems, lower leaves, and roots, when practicable—and carefully observe that the plants be free from dew or moisture lay every portion out nicely on one of the coarse sheets, being careful at the same time that one part of the specimen does not interfere with another: the leaf should be filled. Allow several sheets to intervene before another sheet is occupied by specimens. If the flowers be delicate, their colour will be better preserved by placing blotting-paper between the folds to absorb the moisture. The plants are now ready to be put into the press, the straps forming the pressure, which, however, must not be great at first. It is necessary to remove the flowers every day, and dry the papers at the fire. When the specimens are quite dry, they should be taken from the press, and each plant separately sewed or fastened with gum on to half-sheets of foolscap; they may then be arranged in their natural orders, with the Linnæan class and order, and their place of growth, appended in the lower corners of the paper. The sheets thus classed

make up the Herbarium or Hortus Siccus, and are kept in trays, boxes, or in a cabinet constructed for the purpose, in a dry room, when they will be ready for future reference, which is the principal use to be derived from making a collection of plants.' Those who can afford the expense, will find botanical paper' (a thick, absorbent paper) the best for drying their specimens; they will also find a bag of small-shot a more delicate and efficient presser than either straps, screws, or weights. In every case the plants ought to be thoroughly dried-that is, deprived of their natural sap-before they are finally assorted in the Hortus Siccus: if not, they will soon get mouldy, lose their hues, and become a bundle of useless rubbish.

Marine Plants (fuci and algæ) may be preserved in a somewhat similar manner. After selecting the freshest specimens either from the rocks on which they grow, or from the beach on which they are generally profusely scattered after a storm, they ought to be well soaked in fresh-water, to remove all saline particles. This being done, they should next be floated in a broad shallow vessel, and the paper on which they are to be placed carefully inserted under themgradually raising the paper, and disposing their filaments in a natural manner with the point of a bodkin or knitting-needle. This operation will be greatly facilitated by placing the paper on a thin board or plate of sheet-iron, so as to keep it smooth and level. When a specimen has been properly spread out, it should be laid aside to dry on a flat board or table; and finally subjected to proper pressure between milled boards. The natural mucus of the specimens will, in general, be sufficient to attach them firmly to the paper: if not, a slight touch of gum from a hair-pencil will answer the purpose. Sea-weeds neatly mounted and labelled make a very beautiful and instructive addition to the cabinet.

of perspiring; for a damp atmosphere will rob them of no water-hence they maintain their freshness. The only difference between plants in a "Ward's case" and flowers in the little apparatus just described is thisthat the former is intended for plants to grow in for a considerable space of time, while the latter is merely for their preservation for a few days; and that the air which surrounds the flowers is always charged with the same quantity of vapour, will vary with the circumstances, and at the will of him who has the management of it. We recommend those who love to see fresh flowers in their sitting-rooms in dry weather to procure it. The experiment can be tried by inserting a tumbler over a rose-bud in a saucer of water.'

PERSONAL ECONOMY-THE TOILET.

Personal cleaning and decoration are the proper duty at the toilet, which requires regular performance daily. We shall speak first of matters connected with the gentleman's toilet :

of emergency.

Shaving. Some beards are more hard and difficult to shave than others. The usual plan is to soften them with soap lather; but this is not sufficient with beards which are somewhat stubborn. We recommend all to try the following plan:-Rub the face or beard with a little soap and water with the hand over the basin, and when pretty well rubbed or softened, apply the lather. Raise the lather from warm water, and apply with a brush. The best kind of soap for shaving is Bandana, but Windsor is also generally liked. Among the shaving pastes in vogue the following may be mentioned:-1. White wax, spermaceti, and almond-oil, of each a quarter ounce; melt, and while warm, beat in two squares of Windsor soap, previously reduced to a paste, with rose-water. 2. Melt together a half-ounce each of spermaceti; white wax, and oil of almonds; beat it up with three ounces of the best white soap, and a suffiPreserving Flowers Fresh.-Flowers may be preserved cient quantity of Eau de Cologne. Although warm in a fresh state for a considerable time by keeping water is most agreeable and suitable for shaving with, them in a moist atmosphere. In the Gardeners' it is advantageous for every one to accustom himself Chronicle' the following appear on this subject:- It is to shaving with cold water, as it will render him indenow eighteen years ago since we first saw, in the draw-pendent of such assistance when travelling, or in cases ing-room of a gentleman, in the hot dry weather of the dog-days, flowers preserved day after day in all their freshness by the following simple contrivance :-A flat dish of porcelain had water poured into it. In the water a vase of flowers was set; over the whole a bellglass was placed with its rim in the water. This was a "Ward's case" in principle, although different in its construction. The air that surrounded the flowers being confined beneath the bell-glass, was constantly moist with the water that rose into it in the form of vapour. As fast as the water was condensed, it ran down the sides of the bell-glass back into the dish; and if means had been taken to enclose the water on the outside of the bell-glass, so as to prevent its evaporating into the air of the sitting-room, the atmosphere around the flowers would have remained continually damp. What is the explanation of this? Do the flowers feed on the viewless vapour that surrounds them? Perhaps they do; but the great cause of their preserving their freshness is to be sought in another fact. When flowers are brought into a sitting-room, they fade because of the dryness of the air. The air of a sitting-room is usually something drier than that of the garden, and always much more so than that of a good greenhouse or stove. Flowers, when gathered, are cut off from the supply of moisture collected for them by their roots, and their mutilated stems are far from having so great a power of sucking up fluids as the roots have. If, then, with diminished powers of feeding, they are exposed to augmented perspiration, as is the case in a dry sitting-room, it is evident that the balance of gain on the one hand by the roots, and of loss on the other hand by their whole surface, cannot be maintained. The result can only be their destruction. Now, to place them in a damp atmosphere is to restore this balance; because, if their power of sucking by their wounded ends is diminished, so is their power

It is of no use going to a great expense in purchasing razors. A razor of the best kind may be had for from four to eight shillings; and as their tempering is very much a matter of chance, sometimes a first-rate razor may be had for two or three shillings. Indeed one of the very best razors now in the market is Rogers'‘old English,' which may be had for three shillings and sixpence. Supposing a sharp and good razor to be procured, it may last a whole lifetime with ordinary care. We have used one for twenty years, and it is still as good as new. Some persons prefer keeping six or seven razors, and changing them daily; but in this there is no absolute utility. Razors become blunt more from bad management than fair work in shaving. When to be used, dip the razor in hot water, for this adds keenness to the edge; and before putting it away, wash the razor gently, to remove all impurities. Do not wipe it with or upon paper, for that spoils the edge; wipe it only with a fine rag. Before putting it away in its case, give it a turn or two on a strop. Several kinds of strops are now offered for sale; and all, very properly, are mounted on hard board. The best we have seen is an American invention, with four sides of different degrees of fineness, from the hone to smooth stropping. In any case, take care always to draw the razor smoothly and flatly from heel to point along the strop. Do not draw first one way and then push another. In general, one or two turns will be enough. Never leave your razors in drawers or cases which are accessible to servants or children. By locking them up, you will keep them in better order than by all the other means you employ.

Razor Pastes.-This is the term applied to certain compositions applied to razor-strops to give them the necessary whetting surface. The following are recommended:-1. Emery reduced to an impalpable powder,

two parts; spermaceti ointment, one part; mix together, and rub it over the strop. 2. Jewellers' rouge, blacklead, and suet, mixed in equal parts. 3. Prepared putty-powder, one ounce; powdered oxalic acid, onefourth ounce; powdered gum, twenty grains; make it into a stiff paste with water, and evenly and thinly spread it over the strop. With very little friction, this last is said to give a fine edge to the razor, and its efficiency is still increased by being moistened.

Cut in Shaving. The bleeding may be at once effectually stopped by placing on the wound a small portion of wool from a beaver hat. We have known cases in which bleeding from very serious wounds have been stopped by the application of hat stuff, or fine floss, when all other means failed.

terwards to make use of the powdered areca - nut
charcoal, and the tincture of rhatany.
The use
of the diluted acetic acid every morning will, in the
course of a few days, entirely remove the tartar, and
the regular employment of the areca charcoal and
tincture of rhatany every, or every other, morning, will
effectually prevent the generation of the animalcule;
but if there be a strong disposition to their production,
he advises the diluted acetic acid to be used once a
week. Dentists in general oppose the use of an acid,
on the supposition that it is capable of decomposing
the enamel. This opposition,' observes Dr Good,
arises from an ignorance of the gradations of chemical
affinities;' all of them, however, very freely use the
most potent mineral acids to facilitate the removal of
the tartar in the operation termed scaling. The true
vinegar acid is incapable of acting chemically on the
enamel of the teeth. We have made trial of the
vinegar acid, which may be had of any chemist, and
found it to be as effectual as above stated. Instead of
areca-nut charcoal, we use the common refined wood
charcoal, which seems to have the same effect. A lava-
tion of this kind should not be performed oftener than
twice a week, the tooth-brush and plain tepid water
being used all other times.

The Breath. Few things are more disagreeable or offensive than a fetid breath. Various means,' says the author of the Encyclopædia of Practical Receipts,' have been proposed to remove this annoyance, depending principally on the administration of aromatics, which, by their odour, might smother it for a time; but these require continual repetition, and are liable to interfere with the functions of digestion. The real cause of a fetid breath is either a diseased stomach or carious teeth. When the former is the case, aperients should be administered, and if these do not succeed, an emetic may be given, followed by a dose of salts or castor-oil occasionally. When rotten teeth are the cause, they should be removed; or, if this be impossible, they should be kept clean. Foul teeth often cause the breath to smell; and for this the use of the brush should be a daily habit. Occasionally rinsing out the mouth with a little clean water, to which a few drops of chloride of lime, or chloride of soda, has been added, is an effective method. The following lozenges have also been recom

The Teeth. The cleaning and proper management of the teeth is the most difficult operation of the toilet. Whether arising from heat of the stomach or other constitutional causes, the teeth of some persons are much more liable to become discoloured and decay than others. In general, even in the worst cases, much might be done in youth to prevent future deterioration of teeth; but children are ignorant, and parents are lamentably careless on this important matter of personal economy, and remedies often require to be applied when too late. Parents desirous of seeing their children grow up with good teeth, should cause them to be cleaned with scrupulous regularity daily, though only with a brush and tepid water. If the teeth appear crowded, so that there is a fear of one tooth shooting over another, a dentist ought by all means to be employed to thin the row, and allow all to grow straight. The daily cleaning of the teeth should take place every morning after washing the face. Employ in preference tepid water and a moderately hard brush, taking care not to injure the gums by the friction. Various dentifrices or powders are offered for sale, and which the opulent have opportunities of testing; but we know of none better than finely-powdered charcoalthat is, charred wood well ground in a mortar, and kept in a box secluded from the air. It may be purchased, ready for use, at a small price from perfumers. By putting a little of this on the wet brush, and rubbing the teeth with it, impurities and discolorations will be removed without injuring the enamel. Rinse well afterwards with clean water. A much stronger den-mended:-Gum catechu, two ounces; white sugar, four tifrice consists of the powder of burnt tobacco; but it contains silica, or gritty particles of sand, and cannot be recommended for common use. Indeed all preparations, such as those of chalk, pumice, cuttle-fish bone, &c. act mechanically, and are liable to the same objection. Chemical solutions are free from this objection; but unless their composition is thoroughly known, it is better to avoid them. In case of foulness or sponginess of the gums, powdered rhatany, cinchona bark, and catechu, on account of their astringent properties, have been found to be useful.

ounces; orris powder, one ounce; make them into a paste with mucilage, and add a drop or two of neroli. One or two may be sucked at pleasure.' This, it must be observed, only disguises, not remedies the evil. A useful wash for carious teeth is made thus:-Chloride of lime, half an ounce; water, two ounces; agitate well together in a phial for half an hour; filter and add spirit, two ounces; rose or orange-flower water, one ounce. Use diluted, with water. Another very valuable wash for the teeth and gums, consisting of borax and tincture of myrrh and camphor, is thus prepared:Dissolve two ounces of borax in three pints of warm water; before quite cold, add thereto one teaspoonful of tincture of myrrh, and one tablespoonful of spirits of camphor; bottle the mixture for use. One wine glass of the solution, added to half a pint of tepid water, is sufficient for each application.

It is said to have been lately ascertained, by microscopic examination, that the tartar or crust upon teeth is produced in the same manner as coral, by certain animalcules. After the tartar, which is a mere nidus, adheres firmly to the teeth, the animalculæ, by insinuating themselves between the teeth and the gum, occasion disease to both; but the The Nails.-Keeping the nails of the fingers in order secretion from them is often so offensive, as to conta- is a proper duty of the toilet. They should be brushed minate the breath. M. La Beaume has made nu- with soap and water when washing the hands. While merous experiments with different mineral, vegetable, still wet, or when wiping the hands with the towel, push and animal acids, and with alcohol, to ascertain their back the skin which is apt to grow over the nail, and effects on the animalculæ, and on their habitation; and thus keep the top of the nails neatly rounded. The it is a curious fact, that of all the articles he has em-points of the nails should be regularly pared once a ployed, the true vinegar acid (not the pyroligneous week. For whitening the nails, we have seen the folacid, which is now generally sold for it) almost instan- lowing mixture recommended:-Two drachms of ditaneously killed the animalculæ, and acted powerfully luted sulphuric acid; one drachm tincture of myrrh; to decompose the concretions, so that they were easily and four ounces of pure soft water. The nails to be removed by a brush. In order to destroy the animal-dipped into this mixture after the hands have been culæ and their eggs, and to decompose the production thoroughly cleansed with soap and water. which protects them, M. La Beaume recommends the teeth to be brushed every morning with the vinegar acid diluted with rose-water, and immediately af

Without adverting to the danger of such preparations, it may be remarked that the nails have naturally a delicate flesh or pinkish colour and shining polish, and that to

whiten them is as absurd as to stain them yellow after | into a small basin, with two ounces of almond-oil. the fashion of the Orientals.

The Hair.-In a sound and healthy constitution, the best preserver and beautifier of the hair is regular and careful cleaning. Washing, combing, and brushing are quite sufficient to keep it in proper order; and where these fail, no amount of oils, lotions, powders, or appliances, will remedy the evil.-' Baldness,' says the authority above quoted, 'is generally produced by fever or old age, but is sometimes found in comparatively young people enjoying perfect health. When the hair-bulbs have disappeared, there is no means known that will restore the hair, notwithstanding the daily assurances to the contrary by numerous advertising impostors. When a disposition to baldness exists, or when the hair falls off in large quantities, the constant use of the hair-brush, and any emollient oil or pomatum, scented with some stimulating aromatic, will generally prove sufficient. Should this not succeed, the head should be shaved.'-Stray hairs sometimes grow in the nose and ears to an uncomfortable extent. Thin or shorten them with a toilet-scissors; or if it is wished to remove them-which is not always a very safe plando so smartly with a pair of tweezers. The chemical depilatories in use in the fashionable world are almost without exception highly objectionable preparations, having the effect not only of removing the hair, but destroying likewise the vitality of the skin to which they may be incautiously applied. The majority of them are composed of quicklime, orpiment, and some strong alkalisubstances the name of which may warn parties against their application.-Hair-dyes are equally objectionable, and are all only temporary expedients, as the hair, upon growing, soon leaves an undyed surface beneath. They are principally of two sorts-those into which litharge and quicklime enter, and those in which nitrate of silver forms the chief ingredient. Thus to render the hair instantaneously black we are directed 'to moisten it with a solution of nitrate of silver in water (1 to 7 or 8), and then with a weak solution of hydrosulphuret of ammonia !'

Pomatum.-This is a soft unguent which is valuable for softening the hands, and preventing them chopping in cold dry weather, or for moistening the hair. It was originally named from its containing apple (pomum, Latin), and consisted of lard, rose-water, and the pulp of apples. It now consists of perfumed hogs'-lard, the apple being omitted. The famed sultana pomatum is made as follows:-Melt together half a pound of beef suet, the same of bears' grease, an ounce of white wax, and two ounces of olive-oil; and add to it, tied up loosely in muslin, one ounce of bruised cloves, half an ounce of cinnamon, two bruised tonquin beans, and four grains of musk; strain, and put into pots. The article called bears' grease, usually sold in the shops, is little else than perfumed beef-marrow; and the many oils offered for restoring and softening the hair are chiefly olive or almond-oil, perfumed with different scents. In general, if the hair be well brushed, no such applications are necessary, and in most cases they create a scurf on the head, which it requires considerable trouble to get rid of. Pomade Divine. This is a soft and valuable unguent, possessing a fine aromatic odour. Dr Biddoes recommends it to be made as follows:-Steep twelve ounces of beef-marrow in water ten days (changing the water occasionally), and then steep it in rose-water. Put it into a jar with half an ounce of flowers of benjamin, the same of storax and orris-root in powder, and two drachms each of cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves, in powder. Cover the jar closely, set it in a vessel of water, and put it on the fire; and when the pomade is thus melted, strain it for use. As a very small quantity is ever used at a time, in general it will be found much more economical to buy a small bottle of it than to prepare the article.

Cold Cream. This is a simple and cooling ointment, exceedingly serviceable for rough or chopped hands in winter, or for keeping the skin soft. It is very easily made. Take half an ounce of white wax, and put it

This

Place the basin by the side of the fire till the wax is
dissolved in the oil. When quite melted, add two ounces
of rose-water. This must be done very slowly, little
by little; and as you pour it in, beat the mixture
smartly with a fork to make the water incorporate.
When all is incorporated, the cold cream is complete,
and you may pour it into jars for future use.
cold cream is much better than that which is usually
sold in shops, and which is too frequently made of in-
ferior ingredients.-Bears'-Grease, which possesses no
virtue or superiority over other animal fat, has rather
an unpleasant odour, and is always sold (when sold at
all) disguised with perfumes. A factitious article may
be prepared as follows:-Hogs'-lard, sixteen ounces;
flowers of benzoin and palm-oil, of each one-half ounce.
Melt together until combined, and stir till cold. This
mixture is said to keep long without becoming rancid,
and may be scented at pleasure.

A very fragrant Lavender- Water may be prepared by mixing two ounces of English oil of lavender, one ounce of essence of ambergris, one pint of Eau de Cologne, and one quart of rectified spirit.

Spermaceti Ointment. This is a cooling and healing ointment for wounds. Take a quarter of an ounce of white wax, and half an ounce of spermaceti (which is a hard white material), and put them in a small basin with two ounces of almond-oil. Place the basin by the side of the fire till the wax and spermaceti are dissolved. When cold, the ointment is ready for use. This is an article which it is also much better to make than to purchase. When you make it yourself, you know that it has no irritating or inferior materials in it.

The Feet Corns.-To keep the feet in a proper condition, they should be frequently soaked and well washed. At these times, the nails of the toes should be pared, and prevented from growing into the flesh. Corns are the most troublesome evils connected with the feet. They are of two kinds-soft and hard. Soft corns are those which grow between the toes. They may be easily removed by applying ivy leaf steeped in vinegar; if the corn be very painful, change the piece of ivy leaf every morning. The leaf may be steeped for one or two days before using. Hard corns, which grow on the outside of the toes, are caused by friction from the shoes; and we know of nothing so likely to prevent them as easy soft shoes and very frequent soaking of the feet in warm water. Every method of extracting corns seems but to afford temporary relief, and never will be attended with complete success unless attention is paid to the shoes. It is very dangerous to cut corns too deep, on account of the multiplicity of nerves running in every direction of the toes. Caustic, or strong acids, have the desired effect in removing corns, but their use should be committed to the hands of a skilful surgeon.-The bunion, or swelling on the ball of the great toe, is produced by the same cause as the corn-pressure and irritation by friction. The treatment recommended for corns will succeed in cases of bunions; but in consequence of the greater extension of the discase, the cure of course is more tedious. When a bunion is commencing, it may be effectually stopped by poulticing, and then opening with a lancet; but this must be committed to the hands of a surgical attendant.-For chilblains, Sir A. Cooper has recommended the following liniment:-One ounce of camphorated spirits of wine, half an ounce of liquid subacetate of lead; mix, and apply in the usual way three or four times a day.

Cosmetics. These consist of washes and pastes for improving the skin, and are in general highly objectionable; for the greater number contain poisonous ingredients, and while removing from the surface any discoloration, drive the disease inward, and therefore do much more harm than good. Lotions for pimples, freckle-washes, milk of roses, rouge, and all such trash, we studiously discommend. The best of all purifiers is water with a cloth; the best beautifiers are health, exercise, and GOOD TEMPER,

INDEX, AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

The Figures in the columns indicate the pages of the Text in which the particular term or subject is fully explained.