and servants being all gone and fled, whether sick or sound, that I could never learn; nor, indeed, did I make much inquiry after it.

Many such escapes were made out of infected houses, as particularly when the watchman was sent of some errand; for it was his business to go of any errand that the family sent him of, that is to say, for necessaries, such as food and physic; to fetch physicians, if they would come, or surgeons, or nurses, or to order the dead-cart, and the like: but with this condition too, that when he went he was to lock up the outer door of the house, and take the key away with him. To evade this, and cheat the watchman, people got two or three keys made to their locks; or they found ways to unscrew the locks, such as were screwed on, and so take off the lock, being in the inside of the house, and while they sent away the watchman to the market, to the bake-house, or for one trifle or another, open the door, and go out as often as they pleased; but this being found out, the officers afterwards had orders to padlock up the doors on the outside, and place bolts on them as they thought fit.

At another house, as I was informed, in the street next within Aldgate, a whole family was shut up and locked in, because the maid-servant was taken sick; the master of the house had complained by his friends to the next alderman, and to the Lord Mayor, and had consented to have the maid carried to the PestHouse, but was refused, so the door was marked with a red cross, a padlock on the outside, as above, and a watchman set to keep the door according to public order.

After the master of the house found there was no remedy, but that he, his wife, and his children, were to be locked up with this poor distempered servant, he called to the watchman, and told him he must go then, and fetch a nurse for them, to attend this

poor girl, for it would be certain death to them all to oblige them to nurse her; and told him plainly, that if he would not do this, the maid must either perish of the distemper, or be starved for want of food; for he was resolved none of his family should go near her and she lay in the garret four story high, where she could not cry out or call to anybody for help.

The watchman consented to that, and went and fetched a nurse as he was appointed, and brought her to them the same evening; during this interval, the master of the house took his opportunity to break a large hole through his shop into a bulk or stall, where formerly a cobbler had sat, before or under his shop window; but the tenant, as may be supposed, at such a dismal time as that, was dead or removed, and so he had the key in his own keeping. Having made his way into this stall, which he could not have done if the man had been at the door, the noise he was obliged to make being such as would have alarmed the watchman; I say, having made his way into this stall, he sat still till the watchman returned with the nurse, and all the next day also; but the night following, having contrived to send the watchman of another trifling errand which, as I take it, was to an apothecaries for a plaister for the maid, for which he was to stay for the making up, or some such other errand that might secure his staying some time; in that time he conveyed himself and all his family out of the house, and left the nurse and the watchman to bury the poor wench; that is, throw her into the cart, and take care of the house.

I could give a great many such stories as these, diverting enough, which in the long course of that dismal year I met with, that is, heard of, and which are very certain to be true, or very near the truth; that is to say, true in the general, for no man could at such a time learn all the particulars. There was, like

wise, violence used in the watchmen, as was reported, in abundance of places; and I believe that, from the beginning of the visitation to the end, there was not less than eighteen or twenty of them killed, or so wounded as to be taken up for dead; which was supposed to be done by the people in the infected houses which were shut up, and where they attempted to come out, and were opposed.

Nor indeed could less be expected, for here were just so many prisons in the town, as there were houses shut up; and as the people shut up, or imprisoned so, were guilty of no crime, only shut up because miserable, it was really the more intolerable to them.

It had also this difference, that every prison, as we call it, had but one jailor, and as he had the whole house to guard, and that many houses were so situated as that they had several ways out, some more, some less, and some into several streets; it was impossible for one man so to guard all the passages, as to prevent the escape of people, made desperate by the fright of their circumstances, by the resentment of their usage, or by the raging of the distemper itself; so that they would talk to the watchman on one side of the house, while the family made their escape at another.

For example, in Coleman-street there are abundance of alleys, as appears still; a house was shut up in that they call White'salley, and this house had a back window, not a door, into a court, which had a passage into Bell-alley; a watchman was set by the constable at the door of this house, and there he stood, or his comrade, night and day, while the family went all away in the evening, out at that window into the court, and left the poor fellows warding and watching for near a fortnight.

Not far from the same place they blowed up a watchman with

gunpowder, and burnt the poor fellow dreadfully, and while he made hideous cries, and nobody would venture to come near to help him, the whole family that were able to stir, got out at the windows one story high, two that were left sick calling out for help; care was taken to give them nurses to look after them, but the persons fled were never found till, after the plague was abated, they returned; but as nothing could be proved, so nothing could be done to them.

It is to be considered, too, that as these were prisons without bars and bolts, which our common prisons are furnished with, so the people let themselves down out of their windows, even in the face of the watchmen, bringing swords or pistols in their hands, and threatening the poor wretch to shoot him, if he stirred, or called for help.

In other cases, some had gardens, and walls, or pales, between them and their neighbours; or yards and back houses; and these by friendship and entreaties, would get leave to get over those walls, or pales, and so get out at their neighbour's doors; or, by giving money to their servants, get them to let them through in the night; so that, in short, the shutting up of houses was in no wise to be depended upon, neither did it answer the end at all; serving more to make the people desperate, and drive them to such extremities, as that they would break out at all adventures.

And that which was still worse, those that did thus break out, spreading the infection farther, by their wandering about with the distemper upon them, in their desperate circumstances, than they would otherwise have done; for whoever considers all the particulars in such cases, must acknowledge, and we cannot doubt but the severity of those confinements made many people desperate; and made them run out of their houses at all hazards, and with the plague visibly upon them, not knowing either

whither to go, or what to do, or, indeed, what they did; and many that did so were driven to dreadful exigencies and extremities, and perished in the streets or fields for mere want, or dropped down by the raging violence of the fever upon them: others wandered into the country, and went forward any way, as their desperation guided them, not knowing whither they went or would go till, faint and tired, and not getting any relief; the houses and villages on the road refusing to admit them to lodge, whether infected or no, they have perished by the roadside, or gotten into barns and died there, none daring to come to them, or relieve them, though perhaps not infected, for nobody would believe them.

On the other hand, when the plague at first seized a family, that is to say, when any one body of the family had gone out and unwarily, or otherwise, catch'd the distemper and brought it home, it was certainly known by the family before it was known to the officers, who, as you will see by the order, were appointed to examine into the circumstances of all sick persons, when they heard of their being sick.

In this interval, between their being taken sick and the examiners coming, the master of the family had leisure and liberty to remove himself, or all his family, if he knew whither to go, and many did so but the great disaster was, that many did thus, after they were really infected themselves, and so carried the disease into the houses of those who were so hospitable as to receive them which, it must be confessed, was very cruel and ungrateful.

And this was in part the reason of the general notion, or scandal rather, which went about, of the temper of people infected; namely, that they did not take the least care, or make any scruple of, infecting others; though I cannot say, but

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