escaped the shot and the sword only to perish by famine. The whole domain was a waste. Houses, barns, furniture, implements of husbandry, herds, flocks, horses, were gone. Many months must elapse before the clan would be able to raise on its own ground the means of supporting even the most miserable exist

"

ence.

The last days of the infamous Judge Jeffreys are thus delineated :

"Among the many offenders whose names were mentioned in the course of these inquiries, was one who stood alone and unapproached in guilt and infamy, and whom whigs and tories were equally willing to leave to the extreme rigor of the law. On that terrible day which was succeeded by the Irish Night, the roar of a great city disappointed of its revenge had followed Jeffreys to the drawbridge of the Tower. His imprisonment was not strictly legal; but he at first accepted with thanks and blessings the protection which those dark walls, made famous by so many crimes and sorrows, afforded him against the fury of the multitude. Soon, however, he became sensible that his life was still in imminent peril.

"For a time he flattered himself with the hope that a writ of habeas corpus would liberate him from his confinement, and that he should be able to steal away to some foreign country, and to hide himself with part of his ill-gotten wealth from the detestation of mankind; but, till the government, was settled there was no court competent to grant a writ of habeas corpus; and, as soon as the government had been settled, the Habeas Corpus act was suspended. Whether the legal guilt of murder could be brought home to Jeffreys may be doubted. But he was morally guilty of so many murders, that if there had been no other way of reaching his life, a retrospective Act of Attainder would have been clamorously demanded by the whole nation. A disposition to triumph over the fallen has never been one of the besetting sins of Englishmen; but the hatred of which Jeffreys was the object was without a parallel in our history, and partook but too largely of the savageness of his own nature.

"The people, where he was concerned, were as cruel as himself, and exulted in his misery as he had been accustomed to exult in the misery of convicts listening to the sentence of death, and of families clad in mournIng. The rabble congrégated before his deserted mansion in Duke-street, and read on the door, with shouts of laughter, the bills which announced the sale of his property. Even delicate women, who had tears for highwaymen and housebreakers, breathed nothing but vengeance against him. The lampoons on him which were hawked about the town were distinguished by an atrocity rare even in those days. Hanging would be too mild a death for him; a grave under the gibbet too respectable a resting-place; he ought to bo whipped to death at the cart's tail; he ought to be tortured like an Indian; ho ought to be devoured alive.

for him at the Tower. It appeared to be a barrel of Colchester oysters, his favorite dainties. He was greatly moved: for there are moments when those who least deserve affection are pleased to think that they inspire it. 'Thank God,' he exclaimed, 'I have still some friends left!' He opened the barrel; and from among a heap of shells out tumbled a stout halter.

The street poets portioned out all his joints with cannibal ferocity, and computed how many pounds of steaks might be cut from his well-fattened carcass. Nay, the rage of his enemies was such that, in language seldom heard in England, they proclaimed their wish that he might go to the place of wailing and gnashing of teeth, to the worm that never dies, to the fire that is never quenched. They exhorted him to hang himself in his garters, and to cut his throat with his razor. They put up horrible prayers that he might not be able to repent, that he might die the same hard-hearted, wicked Jeffreys that he had lived. His spirit, as mean in adversity as insolent and inhuman in prosperity, sank down under the load of public abhorrence. His constitution, originally bad, and much impaired by intemperance, was completely broken by distress and anxiety.

"He was tormented by a cruel internal disease, which the most skillful surgeons of that age were seldom able to relieve. One solace was left to himbrandy. Even when he had causes to try and councils to attend, he had seldom gone to bed sober. Now, when he had nothing to occupy his mind save terrible recollections and terrible forebodings, he abandoned himself without reserve to his favorite vice. Many believed him to be bent on shortening his life by exHe thought it better, they said, to go off in a drunken fit than to be hacked by Ketch, or torn limb from limb by the populace.

cess.

"Once he was roused from a state of abject despondency by an agreeable sensation, speedily followed by a mortifying disappointment. A parcel had been left

"It does not appear that one of the flatterers or buffoons whom he had enriched out of the plunder of his victims came to comfort him in the day of trouble. But he was not left in utter solitude. John Tutchin, whom he had sentenced to be flogged every fortnight for seven years, made his way into the Tower, and presented himself before the fallen oppressor. Poor Jeffreys, humbled to the dust, behaved with abject civility, and called for wine. 'I am glad, sir,' he said, to see you.' And I am glad,' answered the resentful whig, to see your lordship in this place.' 'I served my master,' said Jeffreys: 'I was bound in conscience to do so.' 'Where was your conscience,' said Tutchin, when you passed that sentence on me at Dorchester?' 'It was set down in my instructions,' answered Jeffreys, fawningly, 'that I was to show no mercy to men like you, men of parts and courage. When I went back to court I was reprimanded for my

"

"Even Tutchin, acrimonious as was his nature, and great as were his wrongs, seems to have been a little mollified by the pitiable spectacle which he had at first contemplated with vindictive pleasure. He always denied the truth of the report that he was the person who sent the Colchester barrel to the Tower.

"A more benevolent man, John Sharp, the excellent Dean of Norwich, forced himself to visit the prisoner. It was a painful task, but Sharp had been treated by Jeffreys, in old times, as kindly as it was in the nature of Jeffreys to treat anybody, and had once or twice been able, by patiently waiting until the storm of curses and invectives had spent itself, and by dexterously seizing the moment of good humor, to obtain for unhappy families some mitigation of their suffer ings. The prisoner was surprised and pleased. "What!' he said, dare you own me now?'

"It was in vain, however, that the amiable divine tried to give a salutary pain to that seared conscience. Jeffreys, instead of acknowledging his guilt, exclaimed vehemently against the injustice of mankind. 'People call me a murderer for doing what at the time was applauded by some who are now high in public favor. They call me a drunkard because I take punch to relieve me in my agony.' He would not admit that, as President of the High Commission, he had done anything that deserved reproach. His colleagues, he said, were the real criminals; and now they threw all the blame on him. He spoke with peculiar asperity of Sprat, who had undoubtedly been the most humane and moderate member of the Board.

"It soon became clear that the wicked judge was fast sinking under the weight of bodily and mental suffering. Doctor John Scott, prebendary of Saint Paul's, a clergyman of great sanctity, and author of the Christian Life, a treatise once widely renowned, was summoned, probably on the recommendation of his intimate friend, Sharp, to the bedside of the dying man. It was in vain, however, that Scott spoke, as Sharp had already spoken, of the hideous butcheries of Dorchester and Taunton. To the last, Jeffreys continued to repeat that those who thought him cruel did not know what his orders were; that he deserved praise instead of blame; and that his clemency had drawn on him the extreme displeasure of his master.

"Disease, assisted by strong drink and misery, did its work fast. The patient's stomach rejected all nourishment. He dwindled in a few weeks from a portly and even corpulent man to a skeleton. On the 18th of April he died, in the forty-first year of his age. He had been Chief Justice of the King's Bench at thirty-five, and Lord Chancellor at thirty-seven. In the whole history of the English bar there is no other instance of so rapid an elevation, or of so terrible a fall. The emaciated corpse was laid, with all privacy, next to the corpse of Monmouth in the chapel of the Tower."

The Holly-Tree Inn, in Seven Chapters, is the title of Dickens's last series of Christmas stories, one of which we have copied in our present number. The tales are healthful in their tendency, and are related in the author's captivating style. T. B. Peterson, of Philadelphia, has issued them in a cheap pamphlet, which is

sent free of postage on receipt of one single shilling of our New-York currency. Mr. Peterson also publishes the various works of this greatest of modern fiction-writers at exceedingly low prices. So we are informed; but not having seen them, we cannot speak from our own knowledge.

The Rev. Dr. Osbon, of the New-York Conference, has in press a volume on the Prophecies of the book of Daniel, in which some new and striking views are presented and elaborated with great critical acumen. Having been favored with the perusal of a portion of the manuscript, we do not hesitate to say that Biblical students will find it a volume worthy of their attention.

The Central Idea of Christianity is the title of a work now in press, from the pen of the Rev. J. T. Peck, the laborious and indefatigable secretary of the Methodist Tract Society. It has been a long time in preparation, and when we add that it is the result of his most careful study and pains-taking revision, we excite expectations which, we have no doubt, will be fully

met.

cals devoted to educational purposes, but this is intended to take a higher range, and the editors will aim, in the language of their introduction, to construct a work, whose reasonings, on themes of the highest interest to the human race, will take deep hold upon the thoughts of men; not alone of teachers by profession, but of parents, and citizens, and legislators, and of all true men and women, and which shall thus at once guide the public mind to the adoption of the wisest measures, and urge it to higher resolves and more strenuous endeavors, until ample provision shall be made, in all our states, for the right education of the young, of both sexes, and of all conditions and callings. The Journal is published monthly at three dollars a year by N. A. Calkins, New

The imperial government of France undertook, a short time since, to put M. Dumas under process, because he thought fit to state, in a letter to a friend, the curious physiological fact, that his body was in Paris, and his heart in Jersey and Brussels. But the power that reigns in France is not content with a "divided" duty; and the body without a heart has lately been in trouble. Napoleon, however, stepped in, and prevented further proceedings. So the author of "Monte Christo" is not to be a martyr; consequently he will remain in Paris but a short time, in order to bring out two dramas, and superintend the publication of a new edition of all his works in three hundred volumes; after which he intends to travel for several years, visiting China before he returns to La Belle France. To bring out two new plays, and to edit three hundred volumes, ought to occupy him at least a month.

The Smithsonian Institute has succeeded in obtaining for its library, a rare and valuable book, printed in Low Dutch, and published in Regensberg in 1772. It contains specimens of paper from almost every species of fibrous material, and even animal substances, and has accounts of the experiments made in their manufacture.

The following materials were employed, and specimens are given in the book :-Wasps' nests, saw-dust, shavings, moss, sea-weed, hop and grape vines, hemp, mulberries, aloe leaves, nettles, seeds, ground moss, straw, cabbage-stems, asbestos, wool, grass, thistle stems, seed wool of thistles, turf or peat, silk plant, fir wood, Indian corn, pine-apples, potatoes, shingles, beans, poplar-wood, beech-wood, willow, sugar-cane, &c.

The Paris Moniteur reports that the Town Library of Lyons has made the acquisition of the finest monument of French typography during the nineteenth century; namely, the only complete copy on vellum of the "Collection des Meilleurs Ouvrages de la Langue Française," printed by Pierre Didot the elder. Of the seventy-five volumes of this collection, two copies were printed on the finest vellum, (peau de vélin,) at an expense, to the printer, of eighty thousand francs. One of these copies was kept for the establishment of MM. Didot, the other and is now to be found (though in an incomwas sold to the Emperor Alexander the First, plete state, several volumes being lost) in the library of the Hermitage at St. Petersburgh. During the lifetime of the late Pierre Didot, large sums were offered to him by foreign princes for the only complete copy remaining in his possession, but he firmly refused all offers, willing that this copy should remain in France.

M. Flourens, member of the Académie Française, and one of the Permanent Secretaries of the Académie des Sciences, has begun a new edition of the works of Buffon-the best and most complete, it is asserted, which has hitherto appeared. It is preceded by a memoir of Buf fon and his writings.

Mr. James Hardiman, a well-known Celtic scholar, formerly Commissioner of Records in Dublin Castle, and afterward Librarian to the Queen's Colleges, died lately at the age of seventy-three. His "History of Galway," and "Bardic Remains of Ireland," have given him a distinguished name among the authors of Ireland.

Francis Lieber has just closed a connection, of twenty years' standing, with the College of South Carolina, by resigning his Professorship of Political Economy. Dr. Lieber's reputation is world-wide, as one of the most distinguished men of the age in that department. He was one of the Prussian soldiers at Waterloo; afterward the friend and correspondent of Niebuhr, the historian; and the associate of Byron, in the Greek struggle for independence. In his riper years, he has conferred honor and substantial benefit on the country of his adoption, by originating and editing the Encyclopædia Americana, and by writing a profound work on Political Ethics, which is, probably, unsurpassed in ability by any similar work.

English newspapers record the death, at Lincoln, of Robert Bunyan, the last male descendant in a direct line from John Bunyan, the author of "The Pilgrim's Progress."

The Journal du Loiret, in speaking of the Memoirs left by Count Molé, gives some amusing gossip about cotemporary memoir-writersan order of literary men in which France is peculiarly rich. The journal referred to says:

"It is positively affirmed that a friend of the family of Count Molé proceeded immediately after the count's death to Italy, to confer, on the subject of their publication, with the Duke de Nemours and the Prince de Joinville, who were then at Nervi, with their angust mother. The Memoirs of Count Molé naturally call to mind those of Prince de Talleyrand, which were not to be opened for twenty years after his death, and which many persons affirm to be nothing but a posthumous mystification, that is to say, to consist of enormous books of clean paper, carefully sealed up, as was formerly the case with the musical roll of paper of Rossini, dispatched to M. de Rothschild as a new opera. But what is really more bona fide, is the

Mr. John Gilbert has been employed by Routledge & Co., of London, on the pictorial adornment of " The Poetical Works of Longfellow," and very fancifully, it is stated, he is achieving his task. In announcing this fact, the London Athenæum says:—

very considerable and very assiduous labor of Duke Pasquier, who for some years has been busied with his Memoirs, going back to the last years of the French Revolution. The duke has now arrived at his twentyfirst volume of manuscript in folio, and has only reached the year 1834. This work is said to be full of anecdote, marked by great variety, and exceedingly independent, both as respects men and facts. The old duke works away with such ardor and solicitude that there is every reason hope that in his entresol of the Rue Royale he will himself write the last word. The duke has taken every precaution to avoid the fate which awaited St. Simon, as he has three copies executed. One remains with himself; another is de

posited with a notary; and the third is regularly sent away to a foreign country."

There are in the United States, 750 papermills in actual operation, having 2,000 engines, and producing in the year 270,000,000 pounds of paper, which is worth, at ten cents a pound, $27,000,000. To produce this quantity of paper, 405,000,000 pounds of rags are required, 1 1-4 pounds of rags being necessary to make one pound of paper. The cost of manufacturing, aside from labor and rags, is $4,050,000.

"Mr. Gilbert works in the true spirit of a poet; he is not content to render literally the mere text of his author. He dares to interpret for himself, to run along the lines of a suggestion, to fill up the faint outlines of a thought, and to animate abstract ideas with luxurious life. His glades, his moonlit scenes, his mountains, his barren heaths, his moorlands with the storm just rising, his tranquil views and castles of indolence, are capital-full of depth and shadow, real yet poetical, like true landscapes, and yet not unlike the landscape of poetic reverie. Mr. Longfellow ought to feel proud of this proof of his popularity in England."

The restoration of the famous cathedral (the "Kaiserdom") of Speyer, once the burial-place of the German emperors, is quickly advancing. The imperial hall of the cathedral ("die Kaiserhalle") is to be rebuilt in its original proportions, of one hundred feet in length, and thirty-one feet in depth. In it the portraitstatues of the eight emperors, buried in the cathedral, (their graves, by the way, were opened by the French in 1688 and their ashes

The Canadian government has made a very large appropriation for the purpose of replacing the books in the Library of Parliament, destroyed by the great fire at Quebec, a year or two since. During the past fall very large purchases have been made on account of it both

in London and Paris.

The oldest work in the Russian language was published in 863, and was a translation from the Greek of the Four Gospels.

The manuscripts of the author of "Paul and Virginia," forming twelve or fifteen folio volumes, have been deposited in the public library of the municipality at Havre, the birthplace of the celebrated author.

A

SUNDAY in Stockholm would in many respects shock the sensibilities of the greater portion of the Christian population of the United States; but we must not, however, judge too severely the Swedes on this account. We are at home quite disposed to believe that what we term desecration of the day belongs exclusively to Catholic countries, or, at all events, that the Protestant countries of Europe present a striking contrast with the Catholic. But, so far as my own observation extends, the Sunday of England and the United States is a day quite unique and equally unknown to other countries. It is certain that the observance of the day in

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by Carlton & Phillips, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New-York.

VOL. VIII.-20

Lutheran countries does not differ materially from what one will observe in those called Catholic. The traveler does not find a larger proportion of church-going people; in fact, I am inclined to think that the proportion is smaller among the Lutheran. The places of business are not more generally closed, and, again, the afternoon and evening present about the same range of amusements. I was particularly struck with the foregoing facts during a residence of some months in Germany, having divided my time between the Lutheran and Catholic portions of it. An intelligent English writer long resident in Scandinavia has remarked that the Lutheran Church of the present time needs reformation as much as did the Church of Rome in the time of Luther.