6. Prepositions sometimes govern a participial clause, or a simple

sentence.

7. Prepositions are sometimes followed by an adverb; as, From far; to where.

RULE XXIII.

Conjunctions connect single words or sentences; as He reads and writes. I sought the Lord and he heard

ne.

REMARKS.

1. The conjunctions if, though, excep unless and lest, are signs of the subjunctive mode.

NOTE. If is often omitted before the subjunctive; as," Had I the wings of a dove," for, if I had; "could I but stand," for, if I could, &c.; were there no difference, for if there were.

2. The following are corresponding conjunctions. Though yet. As-as. Whether-or.

So-as.

Both-and.

3. As is sometimes used in the sense of a relative pronoun; as, Such a scheme as I have seen;-as may be parsed in the objective after seen. The ellipsis of that which, those which, &c., may however be supplied; then as will be treated as a conjunction.

4. The phrases as if, as though, what though, are elliptical. An intervening clause may be supplied.

5. There are some abridged expressions, which it is convenient to call compound connectives; such as, As well as, inasmuch as, in order that, but that, &c; these, however, can generally be analyzed intelligibly, and each word may be parsed separately, by supplying such words as the sense will allow.

6. The word both,* is used as a conjunction, adjective and pro

noun.

7. That is used as a conjunction, an adjective and a relative pro

SENTENCES TO BE ANALYZED AND PARSED.

We see all this is done, and all this expenditure is incurred.

*By a careful analysis it may be found that both is in all cases an adjective, and that an adjective or relative, but in most grammars there are other offices assigned them

(This is a compound sentence, consisting of two simple senten ces; and connects them.)

In order to produce it now, we diminish the produc tiveness of all other labor. And the only effect is to postpone it to a still more distant period.

Two distinct sentences, the general train of thought is connected ǝy and standing at the beginning of the second, after the period.

A great public as well as private advantage arises from every one's devoting h. self to that occupation which he prefers, and for which is specially fitted.-Wayland.

As well as, is a compound connective, and joins public and pri

vate.

It is also evident that, by each nation's devoting itself to that branch of production for which it has the greatest facilities, either original or acquired, its own happiness will be better promoted, and a greater amount of production created, than in any other manner.—ld

This compound sentence consists of four members or clauses That connects the clause, it is also evident, &c., with the clause its own happiness will be promoted; of which the phrase, by each, &c., is an adjunct; and connects the clause following it with the one before; than connects will be created, and will be promoted understood, to the same words expressed; for which, &c., is a relative clause, and refers to production. Either-or are corresponding conjunctions and connect original and acquired.

RULE XXIV.

Interjections have no governing power, and have no dependence on other words in construction.

REMARKS.

Interjections often stand before nouns independent, and before whole clauses; as, O virtue! O for a lodge in some vast wilder aess! Some words must be supplied before such clauses to com plete the sentence; as, O how I long for a lodge, &c.

ANALYZING AND PARSING.

MODEL.

SENTENCE.-Those who were skilful in anatomy among the ancients, concluded, from the outward and inward make of a human body, that it was the work of a Being transcendently wise and powerful.

ANALYZED.

This is a compound sentence, made up of as many simple sentences or clauses as there are verbs in it which are not in the infinitive mode, viz: three simple clauses.

No. 1.-Those among the ancients concluded, &c., is the leading clause.

No. 2.-Who were skilful in anatomy, is a relative clause, connected with No. 1, by who referring to those.

No. 3.-That it was the work of, &c., is a dependent clause, connected with No. 1, by the conjunction " that.”

The subject of No. 1, is those, modified 1st, by the adjunct 1: among the ancients," 2d, by the relative clause, “who were," &c. Concluded is the predicate of No. 1, modified 1st, by the adjunct "from the outward" &c., 2d, by the whole clause" that it was" &c. The subject of No. 2, is the relative who.

The predicate of No. 2, is " were skilful "—skilful is modified by the adjunct"in anatomy," showing in what respect they were skil ul.

The subject of No. 3, is it.

The predicate of No. 3, is "was the work."

Of a Being is the adjunct of work, and is equivalent to a noun in the possessive case.

Transcendently modifies "wise” and “ powerful;"-wise and pow erful modify Being.

PARSED.

Those is a pronominal adjective, and belongs to the noun persoT.. anderstood, or is used without a noun, in the nominative case, pinral, the subject of concluded.

Among is a preposition, and connects ancients with those.

The is an article and limits ancients.

Ancients is a common noun, plural, third person,-in the objec tive case after the preposition among.

Who is a relative pronoun, referring to those for its antecedent nominative case and the subject of were.

Were is an irregular intransitive verb, third person, plural, and agrees with "who."

Skilful is a descriptive adjective, united with "were" to form a predicate, and describes or qualifies "who."

Concluded is a regular intransitive verb, indicative mode, imperfect tense, third person, plural, and agrees with its subject," those." From is a preposition connecting make with "concluded," because the adjunct "from the outward and inward make,” expresses the reason why" those concluded;"-from with its object, is therefore an adjunct of the predicate.

Outward and inward are adjectives connected by and; they de scribe or qualify the noun "make."

Of is a preposition connecting "body" with "make."

Of a human body is the adjunct of make, i. e. it limits the meзning of the word make ;-the make of what? Ans. "the make of a human body."

That is a conjunction connecting the clause following with the predicate" concluded."

NOTE.-The other words can be parsed and explained in a simi

.ar manner.

The learner is referred to "Weld's English Grammar;" Part I, § 35, for other models in analyzing, and to Part II, § 53, § 54, § 56, &c., for models of "analyzing and parsing."

NOTE. It will impart great interest to the exercise of parsing, if the learner is required to analyze the sentence, and to show what effect or relation each word has in the sentence, before he appliee the grammatical terms, or gives its class or variations.

SELECTIONS.

SUGGESTION.

It is the principal object of analyzing and parsing to examine the grammatical structure of sentences, and the relations, changes, and modifications of words; but in connection with this, it would render the exercise more Interesting, lesa mechanical, and highly useful in mental training, to consider the import and propriety of every word, and to inquire whether it is used in a literal or figurative sense, and to substitute one word or expression for another of similar meaning.

CHAPTER 1.

[FROM THE SPECTATOR.]

Each sentence to be analyzed before the words are parsed.

1. Nature does nothing in vain.

2. The Creator has appointed every thing to a certain purpose.

3. Music, among those who are styled the chosen people, was a religious art.

4. All men through different paths, make at the same common thing, money.

5. There is something sacred in misery to great and good minds.

6. Hypocrisy cannot indeed be too much detested, but at the same time it is to be preferred to open impiety.

7. The love of praise is a passion deeply fixed in the mind of every extraordinary person.