EXPORTS GERMAN EMPIRE All the receipts of the Zollverein are paid into a common exchequer, and distributed, pro rata of population, among the States of the Empire. The chief sources of revenue are customs duties, only on imports, and taxes upon spirits, beer (malt), salt, sugar manufactured from beetroot, and tobacco, &c. Since 1879 Germany has been protectionist in her commercial policy. The gross produce of the customs in 1890-91 marks; and in 1891-92, 406,448,000 marks, or 9.6 per cent. was 389,424,000 of the total value of imports. The combined imports of gold and silver (included in the above) amount to 233,539,000 marks, and exports 163,650,000 marks for 1891, and 189,082,000 and 195,173,000 marks for 1892. Some of the leading imports and exports under the above heads were, in thousands of marks value, as follows in 1892: 94,145 Hops Coal and coke. 129,078 Cotton cloth (coarse) (unprinted) . 148,078 67,181 Hosiery | 93,432 Aniline dyes 52,553 Mixed silk and cot Haberdashery 88,245 Wooden goods. 43,461 ton cloth The special commerce of the Zollverein (all but a fractional area of Hamburg and Bremen were included October 1888) was divided as follows in 1891 and 1892: The following table shows the amount of the commercial intercourse between Germany and the United Kingdom in five years, according to the Board of Trade Returns: Exports of British produce to Germany . 26,724,347 27,104,832 26,073,331 27,031,743 25,726,738 15,731,788 18,343,243| 19,293,626, 18,804,329 17,583,412 Including foreign and colonial produce, the total exports from the United Kingdom to Germany in 1892 amounted to 29,641,8147. The following tables give the declared value of the principal articles imported into the United Kingdom from, and exported from the United Kingdom to Germany in five years : Cereals and flour 835,676 636,663 Animals, live Bacon and hams Eggs and butter Timber Zinc Woollen manufactures 3,244,459 2,445,758 1,319,727 6,539,015 8,773,220 8,503,237 9,517,563 9,546,819 839,454 396,835 136,899 135,169, 136,996 652,833 186,552 4,937 13,026 13,655 2,073,532 1,484,620 1,412,930 1,397,885 1,541,054 1,078,847 1,387,824 1,309,243 1,223,644 1,324,941 871,245 1,291,520 1,532,169 1,038,861| 931,091 757,531 822,230 906,342 913,221 807,771 1,699,457 1,731,774 1,851,890 1,578,761 1,427,514 1,070,582 1,403,855 1,888,320 2,247,948 1,825,407 Other exports of British produce to Germany in 1892 are alkali, 42,9717.; chemicals, 260,7427. ; hardwares, 115,5657.; leather, 295,3631. ; linen and linen goods, 494,2597.; oils, 478,1177.; wool, 1,077,4997. Great Britain exported to Germany foreign and colonial cotton valued at 688,1167.; wool at 5,226,4697. in 1892. Tea exported to Germany from Great Britain declined from 1,082,9507. in 1884 to 299,6007. in 1892. The ports of Hamburg and Bremen are the chief gates of commercial intercourse of Germany with the United Kingdom. Shipping and Navigation. The following was the distribution of the mercantile navy of Germany on January 1, 1891, 1892, and 1893. 1892: Sailing vessels 387 809 172,524 1,889 531,750 2,698 704,274 Of the total shipping in 1891, 2,227 of 362,114 tons; in 1892, 2,189 of 342,626 tons; in 1893, 2,132 of 328,771 tons belonged to Prussian ports. The total number of sailors in the merchant navy in 1893 was 41,635. The size of the various ships in 1893 was as follows: - Of the sailing vessels 413 were totally of iron or steel; of the steamers 977 were of iron or steel. The following table shows the shipping of the German Empire, in which each vessel, if it entered several ports on a single voyage, is counted only 54,834 12,015,880 10,041 | 1,065,027 64,875 13,080,907 46,512 9,092,935 18,406 4,017,764 64,918 13,110,699 56,564 13,290,531 10,172 1,188,089 66,736 14,478,620 47,580 9,724,023 19,172 4,766,299 66,752 14,490,322 Entered. 56,263 13,101,500 9,664 1,085,907 65,927 14,187,407 Cleared. 47,756 9,549,567 17,825 4,559,383 65,581 14,108,950 The number and tonnage of foreign shipping of the German Empire entered and cleared as compared with national shipping were as follows in 1892: ing other . 15,309 6,289,175 1,938 foreign 446,318 10,139 3,683,810 7,023 3,013,404 German ships 40,954 6,812,325 7,726 639,589 37,617 5,865,757 10,802 1,545,979 The shipping at the seven principal ports of Germany was as follows in 1892: The vessels engaged in the coasting trade and inland navigation (not included in the above tables) on January 1, 1893, numbered 22,848, of which 22,378 had an aggregate burden of 2,760,553 tons. Internal Communications. I. RAILWAYS. The great majority of the German railways are now owned by the Imperial or State Governments. Out of 26,971 miles of railway completed and open for traffic, only 3,123 miles belonged to private companies, and of these 296 were worked by Government. Narrow-gauge lines measured 717 miles (Government lines 312 miles) in 1891-92. The mileage and financial condition of German railways (including narrowgauge lines) are shown as follows, for five years ending 1891-92 |