The principal articles of import and export, with their respective values, were as follows: Coal. Animals 23,255,172 21,699,997 2,519,455 Į 2,003,824 6,028,370 4,185,840 45,669,690 40,463,626 Pork, butter, eggs, lard 28,640,863 30,932,802 123,101,309 132,571,067 Cereals 42,423,268 32,397,638 17,499,693 19,348,872 The value of the imports into the United Kingdom from Denmark (including Iceland, the Faeroe Islands, and Greenland), and of the domestic exports from the United Kingdom to Denmark, is shown in the subjoined table in each of the last five years, according to the Board of Trade Returns :-- The imports of butter into Great Britain from Denmark rose from 767,1907. in 1870 to 4,848,7357. in 1892. In 1892 the imports of live animals from Denmark amounted to the value of 80,5497. (in 1891, 359,5537.), comprising 48,1007. for sheep and 13, 1727. for horses. The import of eggs has risen from 67,6547. in 1878 to 413,4697. in 1892. The import of lard was 141,5037. in 1886, 2,2427. in 1890, 3,0727. in 1891, and 9,7257. in 1892. Of British exports to Denmark in 1892, cotton manufactures and yarn amounted to 478,2997., coal to 726,7547., iron, wrought and unwrought, to 206,9417., sugar, 120,7721., and woollens, including yarn, 270,5391. Shipping and Navigation. On December 31, 1892, Denmark and colonies possessed 3,648 vessels (of 4 tons and upwards) of 318,837 registered tons in her merchant marine, of which 361 of 119,038 tons were steamers. In 1892, 28,691 vessels of 2,033,592 tons cargo (589 of 310,575 tons cargo British) entered the Danish ports, and 28,866 vessels of 558,096 tons cargo (620 of 33,177 tons cargo British) cleared, besides 30,949 coasting vessels entered, and 31,904 cleared. Internal Communications. There are (1892) railways of a total length of 1,289 English miles open for traffic in the kingdom. Of this total, about 992 English miles belong to the State, the total cost of which up to March 31, 1890, was 164,141,474 kroner. The Post Office in the year 1891 carried 49,543,000 letters and post-cards, and 56,478,000 samples and printed matter. There are 803 post-offices. The State Telegraphs in 1892 carried 1,673,038 messages, of which 623,910 were internal, 1,013,061 international, 36,067 official. The total length of telegraph lines at the end of 1891 was 3,674 English miles (2,816 belonging to the State), and the length of wire 10,280 English miles. At the same date there were 375 telegraph offices, of which 168 belonged to the State, and 207 to railway companies. Money and Credit. On 31 July, 1892, the accounts of the National Bank balanced at 122,236,077 kroner. The assets included 22,421,123 kroner in bullion, and 28,736,252 in specie. The liabilities included 78,000,000 kroner note issue, 27,000,000 kroner of capital, and 3,000,000 kroner reserve fund. In Denmark there are about 40 other banks for commercial, agricultural, industrial, and other purposes. In 1891 there were 540 savings banks, with 886,291 depositors, and deposits amounting to 509,953,949 kroner. Money, Weights, and Measures. MONEY. The monetary unit, the Krone of 100 öre, is of the value of 1s. 1ļd., or about 18 kroner to the pound sterling. Gold coins are 20 and 10-kroner pieces. The 20-kroner piece weighs 8.960572 grammes 900 fine, and thus contains 80645 grammes of fine gold. The 2-kroner silver piece, or Rigsdaler, weighs 15 grammes 800 fine, and thus contains 12 grammes of fine silver. The standard of value is gold. Silver is legal tender up to 20 kroner. Diplomatic and Consular Representatives. 1. OF DENMARK IN GREAT BRITAIN. Envoy and Minister.-F. C. Bille, accredited 1890. Consul-General in London.-E. A. Delcomyn. There are Consuls at Belfast, Edinburgh (C.G.), Hull (C.G.), Liverpool, Auckland (N.Z.), Bombay, Brisbane, Calcutta, Cape Town, Halifax (N.S.), Hong Kong, Kingston (Jamaica), Madeira, Malta, Melbourne, Montreal, Singapore, Sydney, Wellington (N.Z.). 2. OF GREAT BRITAIN IN DENMARK. Envoy and Minister.-Charles Stewart Scott, C. B., Envoy at Berne, May 1, 1888; at Copenhagen, January 1, 1893. Secretary. Sir F. C. E. Denys, Bart. There are Consuls at Copenhagen, Reikjavik (Iceland), St. Thomas (West Indies). Colonies. The colonial possessions of Denmark consist of territories in Europe and America. Their area and population in October, 1890, and the value of their imports into and exports from Denmark in 1892, according to Danish returns, The West Indian Islands, St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John, are inhabited mostly by free negroes engaged in the cultivation of the sugar-cane ; but the trade with Denmark, formerly considerable, has fallen off in recent years. The imports, &c., from the Danish West Indies into the United Kingdom amounted to 2,3847. in 1890; 5957. in 1891; and 1,0487. in 1892; and that of the exports of British produce to these islands to 114,5087. in 1890; 57,9147. in 1891; and 77,4527. in 1892. The chief article of import into Great Britain from these islands was unrefined sugar, valued at 98,7557. in 1882; but nil in 1892; while the British exports are mainly cotton goods, to the value of 22,4267., and coals, 8,3167. in 1892. Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Denmark. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Aperçu préliminaire des principaux résultats de recensement du 1er février 1890 en Danemark. Copenhague, 1890. Justice criminelle, 1886-90. 4. Copenhagen. Kongelig Dansk Hof og Statscalender. Kjöbenhavn, 1893. Sammendrag af statistiske Oplysninger. 8. Kjöbenhavn, 1893. Statistisk Tabelvaerk. Kongerigets Vare-Indförsel og Udforsel samt den indenlandske Frembringelse af Braendeviin og Roesakker i Aaret 1892. Udgivet af det Statistiske Bureau. Kongerigets Handels-Flaade og Skibsfart i Aaret 1892. 4. Kjobenhavn 1893. Folkemængden i Kongeriget Danmark den 1ste Februar, 1880. Kjöbenhavn, 1883. Report on the Finances of Denmark, No. 984, and on the Trade of Denmark, No. 1138, of 'Diplomatic and Consular Reports.' 1892. Trade of Denmark with the United Kingdom, in Annual Statement of the Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions in the year 1892.' Imp. 4. London, 1893. 2. NON-OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS, Andersen (L.), Copenhagen and its Environs. London. Both, Kongeriget Danmark, en historisk-topographisk Beskrivelse. 2 vols. Copenhagen, 1882-85. Dahlman (F. C.), Geschichte von Dänemark. 3 vols. 8. Gotha, 1840-1843. Handbook for Denmark-Murray's. 8. London. National ökonomisk Tidsskrift. Kjöbenhavn, 1893. Otté (E. C.), Denmark and Iceland. 8vo. London, 1881. Petersen (C. P. N.), Love og andre offentlige Kundgjorelser, &c., vedkommende Landvaesenet i Kongeriget Danmark. 8. Kjöbennavn, 1865. Trap (J. P.), Statistisk-topographisk Beskrivelse af Kongeriget Danmark. 2nd ed. 4 vols 8. Kjöbenhavn, 1872-78. Weitemeyer (H.), Dänemark; Geschichte und Beschreibung. 12. (Of this there is an English translation.) Nansen (F.), The First Crossing of Greenland. London, 1891. Eskimo Life. S. London, 1893. ECUADOR. (REPÚBLICA DEL ECUADOR.) Constitution and Government. The Republic of Ecuador was constituted May 11, 1830, in consequence of a civil war which separated the members of the original Republic of Colombia, founded by Simon Bolivar, by uniting the Presidency of Quito to the ViceRoyalty of New Grenada, and the Captaincy-General of Venezuela, when they threw off the Spanish yoke. A Boundary Treaty was concluded between Peru and Ecuador on the 2nd of May, 1890, and sanctioned by the Ecuadorian Congress, but it still lacks ratification by Peru (September 1893). Ecuador is also involved in a dispute with the Republic of Colombia respecting certain territories on the left bank of the river Napo. By its Constitution, dating 1884, with modifications in 1887, the executive is vested in a President, elected for the term of four years, while the legislative power is given to a Congress of two Houses; the first consisting of two senators for each province (chosen for four years, one-half retiring every two years), and the second of deputies, on the basis of one deputy for every 30,000 inhabitants, chosen for two years; both elected by adults who can read and write and are Roman Catholics. The Congress meets on the 10th of June of every other year at Quito, the capital and seat of the Government, without being summoned by the Government. The election of the President takes place in a direct manner by the people, and that of the Vice-President, whose term of office is also four years, by the same procedure, but two years after that of the President, so that he is a member of two distinct administrations. The Vice-President in certain cases may be called upon to occupy the Presidential chair. He also discharges the duties of President of the Council of State. President of the Republic.-Señor Luis Cordero, elected June 30, 1892. The President, who receives a salary of 12,000 sucrés a year, theoretically exercises his functions through a Cabinet of five ministers, who, together with himself, may be impeached by Congress, and who, with other seven members, form a Council of State. Each minister receives a salary of 2,880 sucrés a year. The President has the power of veto, but if Congress insist on a vetoed bill becoming law, he has no alternative but to give his assent to it. He may summon an Extraordinary Congress for a specified purpose, but he cannot dissolve the Chambers or shorten their sittings. By the terms of the Constitution privileges of rank and race are not allowed to exist within the Republic, but most of the Indians are virtually in bondage. The Provinces are administered by Governors, appointed by the Government; their subdivisions, or cantons, by political chiefs; and the parishes by political lieutenants. The Galapagos Archipelago is under a territorial chief. Area and Population. The area of Ecuador is about 120,000 square miles, divided into sixteen provinces and one territory, with about 1,270,000 inhabitants-whites 100,000, mixed 300,000, Indians 870,000. Included in the above statement are the Galapagos or Tortoise Islands, with an area of 2,400 square miles, and a population of about 200. |