yearly value of not less than £10, and having during such period been by himself or his landlord rated to all poor rates made in respect of such land or tenement, and having by himself or his landlord on or before July 20th paid all poor rates payable in respect of such land or tenement up to the preceding 5th January (see pp. 39, 62). [The distinctions between this qualification and that of the £10 occupier in boroughs are that the payment of assessed taxes is no condition of it, and that no residence is required.] Successive occupations qualify. As to joint occupations, two and no more are qualified, unless the joint occupation be derived from partnership or descent, succession, marriage or will, &c., in any of which cases all the joint occupiers are qualified (Act of 1867, ss. 26, 27, p. 42). N.B.-If county and borough qualifications co-exist in the same person and in respect of the same premises, the county qualification is merged in that for the borough (p. 62). Ă person cannot vote as a freeholder for a county in respect of a house occupied by himself so as to confer on him a vote for a borough, or as a copyholder or leaseholder in respect of a house of such value as to confer on him or any other person a vote for a borough. Boroughs. 8. The £10 occupation qualification. This is constituted by the person having occupied for twelve months previous to the 15th July any land or tenement of the clear value of not less than £10, and having during such period, by himself or his landlord, been rated to all poor rates made during such period, and having paid all assessed taxes, and (by himself or his landlord) all poor rates which became payable in respect of such land or tenement previously to the 5th January, and having resided within the borough (boroughs divided for this purpose counting as undivided), or seven miles thereof, for six months previous to such 15th July (Act of 1832, s. 27, p. 19). The qualification may be derived from a successive occupation of different premises in the same borough or in the same division of a divided borough (Act of 1832, s. 28, p. 19; Act of 1885, s. 10, p. 72). The qualification may also be derived from a joint occupation by any number of persons making up an occupation by each to the required value (Act of 1832, s. 29, p. 19). 9. Qualification of freemen. This qualification is constituted by the person having been on the freeman's roll before 1832, or being a lineal descendant of a person having been on such roll, and having resided for six months prior to the 15th July within the borough (Act of 1832, s. 32, p. 21). 10. Qualification of scot and lot voters, and other persons having personally reserved rights. This qualification is constituted by the party having possessed the reserved right before 1832, and having been continuously registered since then, and having resided for six months prior to the 15th July within the borough (Act of 1832, s. 33, p. 33). There are probably very few of such persons still living. REGISTRATION OF ELECTORS. &c. It is a cardinal rule of parliamentary election law that no Preparations person may vote at an election unless his name be on a register by overseers, of the electors for his electoral area (Act of 1872, s. 7, p. 435), and such register is made up annually. The initiative is taken by clerks of the peace and town clerks (according as the electoral area is in a county or borough), who, on or before the 15th of April in every year, issue precepts to the overseers of every parish instructing them in the details of every qualification, and directing them to publish in their respective parishes lists of persons already entitled to vote, and various other lists and notices, the precepts pointing out the exact date at which each particular step is to be taken by the overseers (pp. 180, 208). The scheme of the Acts is, shortly, that all persons qualified, whether in county or borough, by reason of occupation (except lodgers), shall be placed on a voters' list without making any claim, leaving those who may be omitted to prove their claims; that persons qualified in a county by reason of ownership shall be placed, without making any claim, on a list composed of the ownership voters of the preceding year's register, but shall claim if not on such list, and need not prove their claim unless it be objected to; and that lodgers, whether on the register for the preceding year or not, should make a claim in every year, and also prove that claim. The overseers in counties receive from the clerk of the peace Formation of the ownership portion of the preceding year's register, and lists. make out in a county or borough a list of persons qualified by occupation; and the including as many persons as possible who are qualified by the occupation of a dwelling-house or separate part of a dwelling is specially provided for by allowing the overseers to serve upon any person rated in respect of property comprising a dwelling-house, a requisition inquiring whether any man other than the person rated possesses the qualification of inhabitant occupier of part of such dwelling-house (p. 46); while the displacement of disqualified or non-qualified persons is aimed at by directing overseers to omit from their lists persons disqualified by receipt of parochial relief (p. 43), or by non-payment of rates, as well as the names of persons whom they know to be dead (p. 144), and also by allowing any person on the existing register to "object" to any such persons upon written notice, delivered on or before the 20th August, to such persons and to the overseers. A distinction is drawn between lodgers already on the register and lodgers claiming for the first time. A lodger of Claims. Objections. Dates. either class must claim and prove, and in either case the declaration annexed to the claim is primâ facie evidence of the qualification. But the lodger already on the register, by claiming before 25th July, becomes entitled to be placed on an "Old Lodgers List," the result of which is that he can only be objected to after notice of objection to him and the overseers, whereas the lodger delaying his claim until the 20th of August may be objected to in the Revision Court, upon notice given to the revising barrister only, and without any notice to the claimant (p. 150). Persons omitted from a list must claim in writing before the dates specified below to have their names inserted therein, and without having made such claim, will lose all right to be registered. No person can be heard in opposition to a name on a voters' list without giving notice of objection, and every notice of objection must be signed by the objector himself, and must specify the grounds of the objection; nor can any evidence of any ground, other than those specified, be heard by the revising barrister (pp. 122, 152). A more summary mode of objection to a person on a claimants' as distinguished from a voters' list, by any person on the list of voters giving written notice to the revising barrister in Court, and before the hearing of the claim, is provided (p. 92), but ownership claims (Act of 1848, s. 6, p. 77) are treated as forming part of the voters' list. The dates are as follow, being the same in counties and boroughs, except where the contrary is expressly mentioned:April 15th. Precepts and forms of lists and notices to be sent by clerks of the peace and town clerks to the overseers of every parish. April and May. Requisition for names of inhabitant occupiers of any dwelling-house may be sent by overseers to person rated in respect thereof. June 20th. Publication of notice that no occupier will be entitled to be placed on occupiers' list unless rates be paid before July 20th. Notice to occupiers of rates due. Publication in counties of ownership portion of register. July 15th. End of qualifying period. July 20th. Last day for claims to be inserted in ownership voters' list in counties. July 22nd. Publication of list of persons disqualified for rates unpaid. July 25th. End of publication in counties of ownership portion of register. Last day for claim to be inserted on Old Lodgers' List." July 31st. Last day for overseers to make out voters' lists in counties and boroughs, and lists of ownership claimants in counties. August 1st. Overseers to publish those lists. August 20th. Last day for giving notices of objection: Last day for claiming to be inserted in occupation voters' lists, and in lists of " Lodger Claimants." August 25th. Last day for overseers to publish lists of voters objected to, and of occupiers' and lodgers' claim lists. Delivery of lists by overseers to town clerk in boroughs (p. 217), and clerk of the peace in counties (p. 188). Sept. 12th [5th in 1885], p. 241. Last day for transmitting declaration of change of abode, or as to misdescription, to clerk of the peace in counties, and town clerk in boroughs. The documents so prepared are in counties and boroughs— The "Occupiers' List," containing the names of persons What lists are entitled by a £10 occupation, or a dwelling-house occupation revised. (pp. 199, 222). The "Old Lodgers' List," containing the names of lodgers previously registered who have claimed on or before July 25th (pp. 198, 223). The list of occupier claimants (pp. 202, 229). The list of occupiers objected to (pp. 203, 231). The list of lodgers objected to (pp. 203, 232); and The declarations of change of abode and as to misdescription (a) (pp. 204, 233). Also there may be a "Corrupt and Illegal Practices List" (p. 488). In 1885 there will also be a list of voters who have received only medical relief from the parish (p. 73 a). In counties there is also The ownership portion extracted from the register of the The list of ownership claimants (p. 191); and The list of ownership voters objected to (p. 194). And there may be also claims to vote at the polling place where the voter lives instead of his place of abode as stated in the list (p. 91). In boroughs there may be also A list of freemen (p. 115); A list of freemen claimants; A list of freemen objected to; and A reserved rights list (p. 223). In municipal boroughs the occupiers' lists are made out in three divisions (see p. 222), in order to allow for the revision of the parliamentary and municipal lists separately at the same revision, and there are also separate municipal claim and objection lists. These being the lists to be revised, the revision is conducted Revision in the months of September and October by a certain number, Courts. (a) In 1885, there is also the Supplemental List of persons omitted from the original list as being disqualified now 123 (p. 136), of barristers of seven years' standing (p. 138), appointed in July or August by the senior judge on each circuit (p. 86), to hold a revision court for the counties and boroughs in such circuit. A court must be held at each polling place in a county (p. 89) if the justices of the peace so direct, but not otherwise (p. 129), but the revision is to be completed by polling districts if practicable (p. 168). Seven days' notice of each court must be given (pp. 89, 167), and evening sittings are directed to be held in places containing more than ten thousand inhabitants, if a court is directed to be held there (pp. 134, 167). The clerk of the peace attends the first revision court held in a county, and the town clerk attends the first revision court held in a borough, and delivers to the revising barrister all the lists to be revised (p. 90). The powers and duties of the revising barrister comprise an obligation to correct proved mistakes in any list, and a discretionary power to correct proved mistakes in any claim or notice of objection; also an obligation to expunge the names of persons proved to be dead, or proved to be incapacitated by law from voting, or whose qualification as stated is bad in law on the face of it. Claimants, except the specially privileged ownership claimants, must prove their claim, the declaration of a lodger being prima facie evidence of his qualification (p. 150), and an objector must prove his notice of objection, and confine himself to the grounds of it specified in his notice. All these powers and duties, and many more, will be found in the lengthy and important twenty-eighth section of the Parliamentary and Municipal Registration Act, 1878 (pp. 153-58). Statutory forms of claims, objections, and lists are provided (p. 164), but the disregard of any of such forms does not of itself invalidate any list or notice (p. 176). No party may appear by counsel. The revising barrister has power to administer an oath (p. 94), to fine overseers for neglect of their duties (p. 101), and to give costs up to £5 in case of frivolous claims or objections being made (p. 98); and even appears in some cases to be bound to give costs up to 408., to be paid by the objector to the persons objected to (p. 152), and no order as to costs can be removed by certiorari or otherwise into the High Court (p. 109). The revising barrister must write his initials against the names expunged or inserted, and corrections made by him, and also sign every page of each list settled (p. 94). Upon any material question of law (p. 94), but not upon a question of fact or of admissibility of evidence (p. 107), a dissatisfied claimant or objector may appeal from the revising barrister's decision by case stated to the High Court, if the revising barrister "thinks it reasonable and proper that such appeal should be entertained." If the revising barrister refuse to allow such an appeal, he may be compelled, if he ought not |