Evmmerce. Its imports are colonial produce, broadcloths, | ettons, linens, coals, machinery, hardware, and codfish. Its exports consist of wines, grapes, muscatel raisins, almonds, figs, oranges, lemons, olive oil, esparto grass, lead, and iron ore. Though the streets are narrow, tortuous, ill-paved, and dirty, the city has a gay and ebwerful aspect, as the exteriors of the houses are whitewashed or painted yellow. Many of the roofs are flat, as in the East, and are surmounted by square towers with epen galleries, where the citizens enjoy the cool sea-breezes. The city has several schools and public hospitals, two large irva-foundries, and a royal cigar factory. Malaga possesses a cathedral, a light and handsome building in the Go-Gothic style, which is nearly 400 feet long, 180 bread, 125 in height, and is surmounted by a spire 302 feet Ligh. The other public buildings are the bishop's pasce, four parish churches, five hospitals, the operahouse, custom-house, legal seminary, and a convict depôt. A great bull-ring was erected in 1876 to accommodate 12.000 spectators. The harbour of Malaga is spacious eugh to accommodate a large fleet; it is protected on te east by a massive stone mole, 5 furlongs in length, and terminated by a handsome lighthouse. There is, however, a tendency to silting up, which, if not prevented, will seriusly injure the commercial facilities of Malaga. Vessels rawing more that 18 feet have to lie in the roads outside. The sea is gradually receding, and the Moorish dockyard D. quay are now in the town, while the alameda or public ik was covered with water in the last century. The great beast of Malaga is the Moorish castle, built in 1279, and evering the slope of a hill immediately to the east of the er; it is of great extent, and still shows the effect of the Christian artillery in the siege of 1487.

MALAPTERU RUS. See ELECTRIC CAT-FISH. MALARIA (Ital. mala, bad; and aria, air), the name used in medicine to describe a poison generated in s is the energies of which are not expended in the growth and sustenance of healthy vegetation, and which rises , and is carried by, the atmosphere. It is synonymous th the terms marsh miasm, and paludal poison, and the French intoxication des marais. By almost universal wet this poison is recognized as the cause of the ases known as ague, intermittent and remittent fever, fever, jungle fever, hill fever, &c., and of the cepteration of the blood and consequent deterioration of physical powers which result from long residence in ja where it prevails.

It has been estimated by competent observers that rria causes about one-half of the entire mortality of man race, and though this estimate probably overstats the mark, it is certain that in many regions of the th, and these among the most densely peopled, twotars of the mortality is caused by malarial fevers and tar sequels. It was until the last century a very comcause of death and disease in Great Britain, and any Listorical personages it may be mentioned that Jes I. and Cromwell both died in London of malarial By drainage and cultivation it has been almost tabed from Great Britain, though there are yet a few trts where ague still lingers as an endemic disease. the Continent malaria becomes a more serious enemy, wile no country is entirely free from it, there are ray districts where it exercises a terrible power, and which it renders wholly uninhabitable. Among the re pestilential districts, the lower basin of the Danube An above Vienna to the Black Sea, the delta of the Po, Koran Campagna, the Pontine Marshes, Charente in Frane, and several of the islands of the Mediterranean may be mentioned, while there are also numerous unhealthy son the shores of the Caspian and Black Seas. Its greatest power, however, is to be found in the tropical and emar pical regions, where it prevails to a greater or lesser

MALARIA.

extent almost universally, the west coast of Africa, the American coast from the Gulf of Mexico to Pernambuco, and the Terai, the Doab, and the Sunderbunds of India being regions of special intensity.

Notwithstanding the wide extent of the influence of malaria and the numerous opportunities afforded for investigation, the nature of the malarial poison has not up to the present been clearly demonstrated, but there are many points connected with its origin and development which have been repeatedly observed and confirmed. Malaria is notoriously common in the deltas and estuaries of rivers, in low-lying country which is liable to inundation, inland swamps and marshes, tropical forests and jungles, and the mangrove swamps of the American and West African coasts. It is not, however, confined to such districts as these, for there are numerous places where entirely opposite conditions prevail, but which are yet terribly affected by malaria. Thus the Roman Campagna is in many places dry and free from stagnant water, and some parts of Africa and India equally infested with malaria have the appearance of being dry sandy plains. Even districts which are chiefly composed of dry barren rocks are in some instances notorious for the malaria which prevails, but in nearly every case the conditions of a rich vegetative energy without proper outlet may be found, or the rocks are of a character which renders them highly absorbent of heat and water. In temperate climates the autumn is the season when malaria is most prevalent, and in the moist equatorial regions it exercises the greatest influence at the commencement and close of the rainy season. In the dry barren districts infested with malaria the worst period is that of extreme heat and drought.

With respect to the diffusion of malaria it has been proved that as a rule it acts only within a few feet from the ground, and in the East Indies houses are sometimes built on piles for this reason, while in South America some tribes of the Indians escape it by sleeping only in the branches of trees. At the same time where it is moved along the ground by a wind or current of air not strong enough to disperse it, it may creep up the sides of a hill for a long distance, and for this reason buildings erected upon hills some hundreds of feet above the level of an adjacent malarious plain may be more under its influence than those on the plain itself. The distance to which it can ascend varies in different climates from 500 to between 2000 or 3000 feet. It has been found in most malarious districts that there is a certain line beyond which the influence of the malaria is seldom felt, and one of the best protections known is that of a belt of trees. In fact, certain trees of the eucalyptus species seem actually to absorb the poison, and malarious places are now in consequence largely planted with them. A wide sheet of water is also a great protection, though in tropical countries the malaria sometimes travels off shore and reaches ships which are lying 2 or 3 miles out at sea. The latter, however, is an exceptional circumstance, and more often ships which thus remain out at sea manage to escape infection. Occasionally malarial fevers have made their appearance on ships far out at sea, and which have not touched at any malarious port; but this is an event of rare occurrence, and when it takes place it can generally be traced to putrid bilge water, or decaying vegetable matter within the ship itself.

Although it seems to be fully proved that the poison of malaria is generated in the soil and conveyed by the atmosphere, all attempts that have been made to separate a poisonous gas from the air of malarious localities have hitherto ended in failure. Some investigations made in the spring season of 1879 by Professor Crudeli of Rome and Professor Klebs of Prague, resulted in the discovery of a microscopic fungus, consisting of numerous movable shining spores of a longish oval shape, and 9 micromilli

MALATESTA.

metres in diameter. This fungus was afterwards artificially generated and introduced under the skin of healthy dogs, all of which were afterwards seized with intermittent fever, a large quantity of the characteristic form of fungus being afterwards found in the spleens of the animals thus affected. This organism, which was detected in abundance in the soil and lower stratum of the air of the malarious district inspected, was named by its discoverers the Bacillus malaria, and further investigations have resulted in the detection of it in the human subject. This discovery is one of an extremely interesting character, but at present it awaits confirmation on the part of independent observers in other parts of the world."

The chief diseases which arise directly from malarial poisoning have already been described [see AGUE, FEVER], but it may be observed that in addition to the fevers induced by it, persons who are long exposed to its influence suffer a physical deterioration to which the term malarial cachexia is now applied. The inhabitants of a malarious region are generally feeble and listless, and very liable to disease. In such people the skin is generally of a brown or yellow tint, and they suffer from enlarged livers, and more especially from enlarged spleens. The latter is a characteristic sign of malarial poisoning, and it sometimes exists in a very marked degree. Other consequences of malarial poisoning are neuralgic affections, especially in the supra-orbital nerve (brow-ache).

In the article AGUE we have indicated the precautions which should be observed in passing through a malarious country, and we need only mention here that the great remedy for malarious diseases is found in quinine. No other remedy has yet been discovered that will take the place of this drug, though several are known which are useful adjuncts, and which may be used with advantage where quinine cannot be obtained. Among these the best known are salicylic acid and arsenic. The latter is a very old remedy for ague, and it is used in the French army in the place of quinine for economical reasons.

MALATES TA, a famous princely semi-independent family of mediæval Italy, lords of Rimini, which they enriched with the treasures of art, and occasionally made very famous. The first one rose to the lordship of Rimini as a leader of the Guelf party against Faenza and Forlì. He received Rimini as his reward. The greatest member was Sigismondo Malatesta, who fought for his inheritance in 1432 when a lad of fifteen, who built the exquisite church of St. Francis at Rimini, and the citadel or Rocca, of which but little now remains, and whose history of crime and adventure is one of the most impressive and representative of the independent petty princes of his time. After a brilliant career he ended his life with only the city left him, amid treacherous intrigues and menacing foes. The Pope (Paul II.) was one of the worst, and Gismondo started for Rome with a dagger clutched beneath his vest. The Pope was warned, however, and received him only in public. Both his wives probably died by his hand; and the joint monogram of himself and his famous mistress Isotta (who once stood a siege of Rimini in her lover's absence) mocked with its IS the sacred monogram over all the wonderful temple he had raised. He died in 1466 of a fever.

MALAY' PENINSULA constitutes the most southern extremity of the continent of Asia, extending between the Bay of Bengal and the Straits of Malacca on the west, and the Gulf of Siam and the Chinese Sea on the east, and connected with the mainland by the Isthmus of Kraw, which it is proposed to pierce by a canal. It lies between 1° 15' and 15° N. lat., and 98° and 104° E. lon. Its length is 750 miles, and its width from 60 to 180 miles. The area is estimated at 70,000 square miles.

The peninsula is traversed by a mountain range, which has several peaks 3000 feet high, while a few of the mountains attain an elevation of 6000 feet.

The comparatively small width of this peninsula and the disposition of the mountain range prevent the formation of considerable rivers. The largest which are known are the Muar and the Pahang; the former falls into the Straits of Malacca, and the latter into the Chinese Sea. The number of small rivers is very great.

The climate differs on the eastern and western sides of the peninsula, according to the peculiar action of the monsoons. The eastern side is most affected by the north-east monsoon; the western in part by the south-west monsoon, but is in part sheltered from both monsoons.

The soil seems not to be distinguished by fertility. The plants cultivated are chiefly rice, pepper, cotton, coffee, and a greaty variety of fruits.

Cattle are few in number, but buffaloes abound. No sheep are kept; hogs and fowls are plentiful. In the uncultivated tracts and woods tigers, leopards, and rhinoceroses are frequently met with, and sometimes elephants. Among the birds that kind of swallow which makes the edible nests is the most remarkable.

The most important articles of commerce are from the mineral kingdom. Gold and tin are plentiful, and are regularly exported-about 20,000 ounces of the former. and 2400 tons of the latter annually. From the gla found here, the peninsula obtained the name of the Aurea Chersonesus among the ancients.

The bulk of the population consists of Siamese and of MALAYS. The former occupy the isthmus of Kraw and the districts north of 6° 40′ N. lat., and the latter the remainder of the peninsula. The entire population is computed to be about 600,000.

The northern part of the peninsula, as far south as the Bay of Chai-ya, is immediately subject to the King of Sian. On that bay are two harbours, called Chai-ya and Randi, and on the opposite western coast the harbour of Phung or Pongo. The district between the Bay of Chai-ya aze Cajoe Patani is partly governed by Malay sovereigns, dependent on the King of Siam, and partly belongs immediately to Siam. The kingdoms of Calantan and Tring on the eastern, and that of Queda on the western side of the peninsula, are only nominally dependent on Sar Tringano, situated at the mouth of the little river Tringan, seems to be a considerable place. Two other towns are Queda and Alustar. The British colony of Penang, or Prince of Wales Island, is partly situated within the kingdom of Queda. The southern extremity of the peninsula is divided between the kingdoms of Pahang and Johore 02 the eastern side, that of Rumbowe in the interior, and those of Salangore and Perak on the western coast, together with the British colony of Malacca. In 1873 serious disputes arose between several of these petty rulers, threatening to end in reducing the peninsula to a state of complete anarchy and confusion. The firmness of Sr A Clarke, however, who was in that year appointed goverter of the Straits Settlements, not only brought the various factions to an agreement, but they engaged to receive and maintain at their own expense a British resident, under whose advice they engaged to act in all matters of government and finance. In October, 1875, Mr. Birch, th resident at Perak, was treacherously murdered, and the interference of British troops was necessary to obtain guarantees for the faithful carrying out of the treaties. This was accomplished in 1876.

MALAYS', a nation of southern Asia, who occupy the shores of the Malay Peninsula and the larger islands of the Indian Archipelago, and who are now frequently considered to belong to the Mongolian stock. In person the Malays are short, squat, and robust. The face is of a round form, the mouth is wide, and the teeth remarkably fine. The chin is rather of a square form; the angles of the lower jaw are very prominent. The cheek-bones are high, and the cheek consequently rather hollow. The nost

MALAYSIA.

is short and small. The eyes are small, and always black. The complexion is generally brown. The hair is long, lank, barsh, and black. As a race the Malays are industrious and skiful in trade. The frequent departure, so often ruticed, from the ordinary type, is accounted for by an intermixture with Papuan races in the east, and a Caueas an element in the west.

The Malays have made considerable progress in civilizae. but more in the island of Java than on the other hands of the Indian Archipelago. They are well aciated with agriculture and some of the mechanical They have also made some progress in medicine and music. They are undoubtedly more civilized than my of the nations of southern Asia which inhabit the es between China and Hindustan. Most of them ar Mohammedans.

In the larger islands the Malay population generally erapies the lower tracts along the coast, the original abitants having retired into the interior.

The Malay group of languages is one of the most peculiar and anique. It even comprises the Malayan (the great zes, except Borneo and Guinea), the Polynesian (the Ler groups, New Zealand, and Madagascar), and the Yr azesian (Fiji and other Australasian archipelagos). Of the Malay is the most advanced; but all of them are mly simple as regards their phonetic structure. Hardly any of them has more than ten consonants, usually wo letters are found sufficient, with the vowels. A ale may not begin with more than one consonant, and at never close with a consonant. They are further (even Var) as bare of inflexions, &c., as Chinese; the gramxal relations of the words are indicated only by pronouns 1 particles, which in Malay alone present some slight earance of affixes, which generally precede their prin: gender, case, number, mood, tense, person, are enthy absent; there is no distinction between noun and

adjective. The roots or bare words are usually in yllables. The pronouns are finely distinguished by erical forms, and the first person has a double plural, comprising the speaker and those whom he addresses, te her comprising the speaker and his friends alone, ing the person or persons addressed. Bantam, mes, gavhage, shaddock, and the phrase to "run amuck" ), are Malay words used in English. MALAY SIA, called also the Eastern Archipelago and North-west Oceanica, is a great sea interspersed with many bands and countless islets, lying between the southet ceast of Asia and the north of Australia. It extends in 98 to 152 E., and from lat. 10° S. to 18° N., ngh about 3750 miles of longitude and 1950 miles tode. Lying thus on the equator, and near it on both in the region of greatest heat and tropical rain, these erts have a climate as hot and as humid as any on the, even more uniformly so than the banks of the Ama: ts and the great western horn of Africa. The tatan is in consequence most prolific and magnificent, resents some of the largest and most showy flowers, Le covering of forest from the level of the sea to its of the highest mountains. The only exception aza in Timor, and the small islands round it, which under the influence of the dry south-east monsoon, across the north-east of Australia from March to The birds and insects are gorgeous in the * of their colours. Many of the islands lie upon the Accntinuation of the great volcanic band of Western After embracing the Aleutian, Kurile, Japanese, L-Cooo Islands, it passes southwards through the -es to the eastern corner of Celebes, where, suddenly g to the eastwards, it passes south to Banda, and turing westwards traverses the whole of the islands, tl tends in Barren Island, in the Bay of Bengal. EveryWe upon it there are extinct and active volcanoes, and

1

MALAYSIA.

earthquake movements are frequent and also destructive. Celebes, Papua, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula itself are wholly free from any signs of volcanic action, recent or extinct, and earthquakes are unknown. But this difference in no way influences the aspects of the islands in regard to vegetation or the forms of life. Under this seeming similarity, produced by the dominant influence of the climate, there is, however, a most striking contrast between two great groups of the archipelago, which is only brought out by a close inspection of the fauna and flora, more especially of the former. The contrast is due to a different distribution of land and water in time past, which recent volcanic action has not been able to obliterate. The islands, in fact, form two distinct groups, a western in a shallow sea, and an eastern in a deep sea, wholly different in their fauna; the forms of life in the one are essentially Asiatic, those in the other truly Australian. The western group consists of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali, which are all connected to one another and to the continent by an ocean floor, depressed no more than 40 or 50 fathoms; and are inhabited by species which occur on the continent. Such are the elephant, tapir, wild cattle, monkeys, and python and other serpents of Borneo; the elephant, tiger, tapir, rhinoceros, monkeys, serpents, and wild cattle of Java and Sumatra, all which inhabit some portion of southern Asia, and could not possibly have passed across the dividing seas and channels, and must have inhabited these lands before they were separated from the continent. Land birds, more especially the perching birds (Insessores), which form by far the greatest number in the class, are as completely limited in their range by such barriers as quadrupeds themselves, except in the case of a few migratory species, and furnish evidence of the same bearing, almost every family found on the islands belonging also to the continent; and the same may be said of the insects.

The eastern or Australian group of islands lies in a sea of more than twice the depth of that which contains the Asiatic or western group. The line of soundings, of 100 fathoms and upwards, runs from the east end of Bali, nearly due north between Borneo and Celebes, so that this Australian group consists of the islands which are a prolongation of Java and Bali, namely Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, and Timor Laut; of the great islands of Celebes, Gilolo, Booroo, Ceram, and Papua, this last being divided from Australia by a shallow sea. All these islands form one great zoological province with Australia; they have none of the quadrupeds, and very few of the birds of the other group, but, on the contrary, an assemblage of birds identical with those of Australia, and but a single quadruped, a species of prehensile-tailed cuscus or Eastern opossum; a species of deer and of wild pig, which are met with, being certainly not indigenous, but of recent introduction. Of 350 species of land birds in Java and Borneo, ten only have passed into Celebes, while 100 species are common to Java and Borneo, though the Strait of Macassar is not nearly so wide as the Java Sea. The contrast, indeed, between the western and eastern groups is so striking, in passing from Bali to Lombok, across a strait only 15 miles wide, or from Borneo to Celebes, that a naturalist feels as if suddenly transported to a different region of the earth.

The races of men in the two groups are scarcely less contrasted than are the other forms of animal life, and their limits are nearly conterminous with the boundaries above described. The western group is peopled by Malays. The other race is the Papuan-" taller, dark-skinned, with frizzly hair, bearded and hairy-bodied, with long face, prominent nose, and projecting eyebrows; impetuous, excitable, noisy, and laughter-loving, and making no concealment of the feelings and emotions." Equal, if not superior in intellect, the Papuan is not inferior to the Malay in the affections and moral sentiments; he is more violent and

MALESHERBES.

Seberne. In his twenty-third year he joined the Congregation of the Oratory in Paris, and for the next three years devoted himself most unsuccessfully to the study of siastical history, Hebrew, and biblical criticism. In 1664 he accidentally fell upon the "Traité de l'Homme Descartes, and at once discovered his true vocation. This work seemed to him like the opening of a new world, and as he studied it he was compelled repeatedly to lay it ade for a time on account of the nervous agitation and papitation of the heart which its perusal excited. Henceward he devoted himself to the study of philosophy, and a few years succeeded in completely mastering the system of Descartes, while at the same time he developed original powers of speculation. In 1674 he published his famous Recherche de la Vérité," a work designed to give an ysis of human nature in relation to the errors induced by the senses, imagination, understanding, desires, and prices, with a disquisition on the true method of disery. This, which is in some respects his most importawrk, was followed by numerous others of a theological, phical, and controversial character. Among these there important are "Conversations Chrétiennes" 176); Traité de la Nature et de la Grace" (1680); Metations Chrétiennes et Métaphysiques" (1683); Traité de Morale" (1684); "Entretiens Métaphysiques" 15; and Traité de l'Amour de Dieu" in 1697. Though he was always of feeble constitution he passed the age of seventy-six. There is a very popular story of terry having visited Malebranche in 1715, and that their cassions had such an effect on the latter that it proan inflammation of the lungs, of which he died on October of that year. It is, however, very doubtful wer the two idealists ever met. Neither of them has d any interview with the other; and though Berkehad a letter of introduction to Malebranche in 1713 no rer exists of its ever having been presented. On account (the clearness and elegance of his style, Malebranche is award a place among the classic writers of French prose. Aspher he may be said to have propounded a system ti idealism. Searching after certainty he refused ideas either as representations emanating from erral objects, or as transient states of the mind that is ms of them; and he sought, by referring them to a sphere, and assigning them to God himself, the ar of spirits, to have solid ground for a science of Lemanding universe.

As edition of the Œuvres Choisies de Malebranche," in wis, with an introduction, was published by Jules Sea 1×46. An exceedingly interesting sketch of his and philosophy is given in the first volume of Dr. Man's Types of Ethical Theory" (London, 1885). MALESHERBES, CHRÉTIEN GUILLAUME DE LAMOIGNON DE, an eminent French statesman, bern at Paris, 6th December, 1721, of the ancient of Lamoignon, which had furnished many eminent ers of the French magistracy. He was carefully ad, and at the age of twenty-four was made a

in the parlement of Paris. In 1750 he ed his father as president of the court of aids, on ption of the latter to the office of chancellor. of the chancellor's duties was to control the press, the duty was intrusted by his father to Malesherbes, carried it out in such a way as to lead French authors ce the period of his censorship "the golden age Grimm declares that the famous Encyclowould never have seen the light if it had not been ass stance. He boldly remonstrated against some of es of the government, and in consequence of one of atting of his writings (in 1771) he was banished Ascuntry-seat. On the accession of Louis XVI. to be the ancient parlements (convocations of colleces of lawyers) were re-established, and the pre

MALHERBE.

sident of the court of aid returned after four years' exile. In 1775 he was made minister of the maison du roi, and immediately began working on a scheme of fiscal reform, but he resigned his office after a tenure of nine months (12th May, 1776) on the dismissal of Turgot. He then devoted himself to a quiet domestic country life, and pursued with much enthusiasm his favourite study of botany until 1787, when he was summoned by the king to take a place in the ministry, in the hope that his name and popularity might help to stem the rising tide of political and social discontent. He held office but for a short time, and then again retired to the country, afterwards leaving his home in France for Switzerland. In December, 1792, he voluntarily left his quiet retreat to undertake with Tronchet and Desèze the defence of the king before the Convention, and for a month the aged lawyer, with his two colleagues, strove to rescue the king from the fate which awaited him. Twice a day he visited the Temple to inform Louis of all that occurred, and it was his lot to announce to the unfortunate monarch his condemnation and sentence to death. After this he retired to his country house to pass his time in agricultural labours and works of charity, but his efforts on behalf of the king had marked him out for the vengeance of the more ferocious of the revolutionists, and in December, 1793, he was arrested with his daughter, his son-in-law, and his grandchildren. After being kept in prison in Paris about four months, and after seeing his children led to the scaffold-his daughter indeed was guillotined before his eyes-he was executed 22nd April, 1794, in the seventy-third year of his age.

MAL'ETOTE (evil toll), the name given to illegal exactions of the English kings who evaded Magna Carta by various pretexts of "regulating trade by the royal customs," &c. The article more particularly subject to maletotes was wool. Magna Carta expressly provides that merchants shall not be subject to evil tolls, but only to the ancient and lawful customs, except by consent of Parliament; and these customs were defined at many successive periods. In 1294 Edward I. seized large quantities of wool, and only released it on payment of a maletote of 408. on the sack; but in 1297, in the famous Confirmatio Cartarum, the king was forced to recognize the illegality of the act and release the wool from the maletote.

MALHERBE, FRANÇOIS DE, was born in 1555 at Caen, in Normandy. He accompanied the Grand Prior, Henry of Angoulême, son of Henry II., who went to Provence as governor in 1579, and remained attached to his household till that prince's death in 1585. He was patronized by Henry IV., upon whose death his widow, Maria de' Medici, settled a pension upon him. He died in 1628. All his finest work was written after the age of forty.

It amounts in the whole to not more than 200 small 8vo pages.

Malherbe has been styled by competent judges the restorer of the French language and poetry. The eulogium bestowed upon him by Boileau is well known:

"Enfin Malherbe vint, et le premier en France Fit sentir dans les vers une juste cadence." The actual work of Malherbe does not show very great genius, and is little read now; it is his unique position which makes him so striking a figure. He set to work deliberately to "purify" French, to overthrow the excellent school of the Pleiads and followers of Ronsard with their romantic freedom of form and rhyme, and their wonderful creation of modern French; and to substitute for this a level frigid style, more like metrical prose than worthy of the name of poetry. He was rapidly succeeded by a far greater man, BOILEAU, and French verse was doomed, except for the dramatists, Corneille, Racine, &c. French prose, on the other hand, is almost perfect in this seventeenth century. Even La Fontaine, half rebel as he was, and great genius though he was, lacks the fire of