colour. By passing the grain through a graduated series of roliers, sonic plain and others fluted on the surface, after the manner of millstones-the product being sifted by the dressing machine between each. rolimg—a very high quality and percentage of fine fiour is at last obtamed.

As many other substances besides grair require to be ground, mills of various types have been designed to meet the requirements of different materials. One of these corsists of a man of circular stones called edge-runners," arranged like a pan o: wheels or an axic, and maar to trave. in a circh over the substance to D STOUN. WEICH lies a bed below then.. Otue: milks have beer, corstructed to imitate the action of a pestic and mortar th pestle rotating er its own axis besides moving round its be MILLENARY PETITION, the petition presented to James 1 in inns by lười (mile) a tar Puritan cierg (whener its nante) prayag for reformation in ecclesiastica. matters. Tasted to the fiameter. Court Centerenc: betwecz the church party and the Puritans at which the Praver Book was revised and the Antherized Version at tim Scriptures was are marreared 1611)

MILLEN NIEM Li, “Le spaced a thousan, years is the name commonly use. 11 the church to demo & period in the future during which it has beer believed the Alessial wil reg not the earil. 1 aros: rs: am m the drews in the period subsernent to the retur Baie ver 11. tar tralies me nemicities that sengat te lant from the white 1:

thes as the Lavt Deck TITESC"VEL. TO HIS W: A nomen I Tronuses u relerene tak restarata at the Jims au the setting moressianic angåen, which perbally ha. I sacCuak fulllmen: n ti actna TETUT SN subserver" L.stom a' the nation.

ir Lies: ATË PAVLbAzie sech D NAVY NAc】 11w site W O i renown. In rutide kingéen e Israe lam te ont étuig at derumien, La Bank's ORA

SEOUL. M chalieu de ine 178, PA 11 the rail. (U NALEPS. NATLg der Erengli mu di KUI MONICL Bresse İzTv:"! 1:em.. li mast d. Lie mentPONS events any Spoke?I (as ⠀ TP HITJERN

MILLENNIUM

frequently termed chiliasm by the fathers, from the Greek chico, one thousand years) was universally gerepted among Christians, and the apocalyptic writings of the Jews were earnestly studied, the promises they contained for the people of Israel being readily transferred to the spiritua. Israel of the church. These writings in ther turn gave rise to the production of apocalyptic weis fa pury Christian character, some of which eryped a'm at a canonica reputation for several centuries. In tur earliest of these the pictures of the millennium are it a very material nature, and the kingdom of the returned Christ bears some resemblance to the paradise of tie Mohammedians in the prominence giver. to eating, drina no and the enjoyment of other pleasures of sense. The Litt that the time was near seems to have been given up. a. in the Erister of Barnabas it is fixed at the enüet 6-* years of the world's history. Soon after the middle of the second century, however, we find a party in the chama who calie, in question, the whole theory of the moth reign of Christ. The doctrine was earnestly defes unu by th Mentanists but their defence served rather to demon it will the orthodox and the increasing influence of to surexandrial, villosophy helped to push it further int backgroun, o. Christian theology. A more spart trine was advocated by Origen, who looked forward t 1 radna diffusion at Christianity throughout the wind UN DETAILS system of millenarianism was stil. Da eh-ཀུ242. རྗེས་ asx:|: by his pupil Diorysins, bet t In the influence of the latter the Extrze at disebut as a Jewish theory, and the Aptaràir was remove from its place in the canon an. 7ancy Un dubiru. BOOKS. The latter was restored t rant of the trees. Church after a lanse of sevinc bar the nilenia doctrine never attaine In the Westen Church a new CUTE!" ALAT I was intensed by Augustine, wh

ure ta kingdom of Curist had beet wet is Cath cai.. Shu th expectator of a COMILE CIV CEN. AN VI KUN I'm attemit të find this alruct Estains The doctrine of the mie MVC (Am. anticritatie sanctor after this, but as a C& the bug of a parts, 1 120 1 -poze, to je? I TRY II tie domai. 6. Christian theme t LE SEDI" a mar" eminent il DAUTY SPOZLL” Emong those who felt mus *** as: between the năm kingdom of Cirst and tie 1988 ani sultisiness so plati va A ti tim of the heart reviva, HN i r.

flowers that the end of the present dispensation was dae in 1867. (See Corrodi's "Kritische Geschichte des Chiliasmus," Zurich, 1794; Gieseler's "Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte," English translation, 1855; and Hodge's -Systematic Theology," Edinburgh, 1873.)

MIL LEPEDE is the common name of the myriapods, being to the family Julidæ, which is the type of the her Chognatha. The millepedes have horny and usually drical bodies, formed of numerous unequal segments, each of which, after the fourth or fifth, bears two pairs of short, weak legs; a vertical rounded head, furnished with two mandibles, which are either thick and robust, or united th the labium and elongated, and have no palpi. The arte are two in number, short, either slightly thickened towards their extremities, or thread-like throughout, and aposed usually of seven points. Simple eyes are generally present, arranged in patches near the base of the antennæ.

MILLER.

These animals move slowly and with a gliding motion. When disturbed, they roll themselves up spirally, or into a ball. They feed on decomposing animal and vegetable matter.

The millepedes are found in all parts of the world, but attain their largest size in the tropics. They are nocturnal, and are found under stones, sticks, the bark of trees, &c. The common British species, Julus terrestris, is a little over an inch in length, with a hard, cylindrical, blackish body. Spirostreptus (see woodcut) also belongs to the family Julidæ.

The Pill Millepedes (Glomerida) resemble Julidæ closely, but have a short body consisting only of twelve or thirteen segments, and have the power of rolling themselves up into a ball. The Polydesmida, another family of the Chilognatha, have the body much flattened, and more resembling that of a centipede, no eyes, and very small antennæ.

Serral species are British. In the Siphonantia, the lowest ly of millepedes, the body is semicylindrical, the head mal and concealed beneath the margin of the following Pat; the parts of the mouth are united into a suckingbe, and the legs are short and concealed beneath the trad body. The species are few in number, and the arty are exotic; they are found in rotten stumps of The remarkable genus PAUROPUS seems a connecting between the centipedes (Chilopoda) and the millepedes, and may be considered as forming a distinct order of Medi

MIL LEPORE (Milleporida) is a family of HYDROZOA tag to the order Hydrocorallina. The millepore form large colonies, which have various arborescent pes, and present the appearance of white coral. The mpore colony is a hard, white, calcareous mass, Taxed with numerous pores arranged more or less in disLet groups. These pores lead into long tubular cavities, which at regular intervals are formed transverse plator tabulæ. The calcareous skeleton is formed by the position of calcareous matter in the ectoderm of the wer portion of the body of each polyp. In the living are the anterior portion of the body of the polyps can be red from the pores. The polyps are of two distinct gastrozooids and dactylozooids, that is, mouth and zooids. The gastrozooid is a short thick polyp ed with a mouth and a few short tentacles. The dacads are long slender cylindrical polyps with tentacles at intervals along the whole length of the body, without a mouth. These finger-like polyps are often in a circle round the gastrozooid, take no food sives, but catch food and convey it to the mouth-like p in the centre. The tabulæ are formed as the polyps | are each chamber and form a higher one. The method of reproduction is unknown in the millepores, nor has any a form been discovered. The species are found on MILLER, HUGH, a distinguished author and geolowas born in Cromarty, on the north-east coast of ad, 10th October, 1802. His father, a sailor and of a trading sloop, perished at sea when Hugh was **y fte years old, and he was brought up by his mother, was assisted in her charge by Hugh's two uncles, James and Alexander Wright. They were both pious and

industrious men, possessed of no little originality of character, and from Uncle Sandy the boy derived a taste for natural history, while Uncle James instructed him in traditional lore. Hugh was educated at the grammarschool of Cromarty, and his uncles were desirous that he should study for the church; but as he felt no call to the ministry he adopted the trade of a mason, resolved to devote all his leisure to self-improvement. He laboured at this vocation from his seventeenth to his thirty-fourth year, employing his leisure in reading and in the observation of nature; and in 1829 he made his first appearance as an author by publishing "Poems Written in the Leisure Hours of a Journeyman Mason." A series of letters on the herring fishery, published in a Scottish newspaper, helped to extend his reputation, and he then gave up the work of a mason and obtained a position as a bank clerk at Cromarty. Shortly afterwards he published his first important work, entitled “Scenes and Legends of Cromarty," and two years after obtaining his clerkship he married a beautiful and accomplished lady, Miss Lydia Fraser. The non-intrusion controversy in the Scottish Church drew from him a pamphlet, "Letter to Lord Brougham," which attracted so much attention that it led to his being appointed editor of the Witness, the organ of the Free Church party, a position which he retained until his death. A series of articles on "The Old Red Sandstone," which appeared in that journal in 1840, gained for him the unqualified admiration of the leading British geologists, and Agassiz named one of the newly-discovered organisms of this formation, Pterichthys Milleri, in his honour. An accurate observer and an original thinker, Miller possessed a power of picturesque description peculiarly his own-a power which Dr. Buckland declared "he would give his left hand to possess;" and it is this which, as much as anything, has given his works their widespread and enduring popularity. In 1847 he published his "First Impressions of England and its People;" in 1849, "Footprints of the Creator;" and the "Testimony of the Rocks" appeared in 1857. While the latter work was on the eve of issuing from the press the author became affected by cerebral disease, brought on by incessant toil, and on the night of 23rd December, 1856, he shot himself in his study. He was a man of a high and noble character, and he has left an enduring mark alike in the history of geology and of British literature. For an account of his early life see

There are extensive remains of the ancient capital of the island. Melos, near the great harbour, consisting of part of an amphitheatre, Cyclopean walls, a temple of Aphroditê, and numerous subterranean galleries. It was in this island that was found in 1820 the famous statue of Aphroditê, called the Venus of Milo, now, and since 1834, in the Louvre at Paris. It is admittedly the loveliest known creation of sculpture, and is either an original or a copy of the purest period of ancient Greek art. The sculptor is seknown, though it is not infrequent to find the island itif in a marvellous manner credited with the authorship of this glorious conception; those who write of the "Venus by Mo" evidently thinking that Milo was a worthy rival d Pheidias and Praxitelês. It is highly probable that the statue is by the latter of these two artists.

MILO, TITUS ANNIUS PAPINIANUS, was by birth of the Papian family, but was adopted by his mother's father, an Annius. He was of provincial origin, and rose t be chief magistrate of his native place, Lanuvium, in the Alban Mountains, in B.C. 53. He was a spendthrift, Graachee, and while yet a young man was quite ruined in body and purse. He afterwards joined the senatorial or stocratic party in the fierce contest for supremacy then dividing the ancient Roman republic; became son-inaw of the Dictator Sulla, and was appointed tribune in 57, win he recalled Cicero (the orator of the aristocracy) from ese, and entered on his life-long struggle for place with the demagogue Clodius. Nothing was too violent for Milo. Specting the historian Sallust of an intrigue with his dhe publicly horsewhipped him, for instance. In 53 te stood for the consulship, and Clodius for the prætorship. By this time little restraint was observed, and the rivals t about openly with gangs of gladiators, ready for a fight A moment. The city was in constant turmoil, and Good flowed freely. On the 20th of February, 52, the tw principals met, a scuffle took place, and Clodius was The disorder upon this reached such a height that the Great was named sole consul to restore tranGy. Milo was at once impeached by the consul, but De trusted in Cicero's unrivalled skill for his defence. pey alarmed the cowardly orator, who could not deliver carefully prepared speech, and overawed the witnesses by 1g the crowded Forum and the hills overlooking it with rei gionaries. Milo was condemned and went into ** (52). In 48, after Cæsar was in supreme power, but tag his absence from Italy, the aristocratic enemies of vernment of the great democratic dictator invited Wo to return, knowing him violent enough and bitter gh to dare anything. Collecting a band of runaway *es and released criminals Milo overran the south of lay, endeavouring to clear it of Cæsar's partisans. He lain while attacking a fortress.

MIL REIS is the unit of value in Portugal, 1000 reis. The mireis of gold weighs 17735 grammes, 9166 fine, is therefore worth a little over 48. 54d. (53-284d.); actual coin being the coroa, or crown, of ten milreis, A to nearly £2 48, 5d.

Te mireis of Brazil is worth about half of that of Pagal in its gold form, namely, 2s. 3d. with a small (26-93072d.); but a very debased paper currency The erculating medium, and a paper milreis is worth about 18. 3d., varying somewhat with the exchange of

MILTI ADES, the victor of Marathon and saviour of Greer (and of Europe), was son of Kimôn and "tyrant," aute ruler, of the Thracian Chersonesos, the peninsula a forms the northern shore of the Hellespont. When Persian king, Dareios, son of Hystaspes, crossed to and invaded Scythia, Miltiades, his ally, was left in Gangs of the bridge over the Danube, the sole link with Europe. The agreed time elapsed, Dareios was f up, and Miltiades vainly sought to induce the Greeks

MILTON.

to break up the bridge. He completed his alienation of the Persians by several successful expeditions which he made in the pay of Athens upon the Ionian Islands. When the great invasion of Greece took place he had to fly from the Chersonesos before the angry Persians. Athens received him, and elected him one of the ten generals of the small force assembled to withstand the Persian hosts. In the discussions on the plan of campaign Miltiadês stood almost alone at first in desiring to come to a battle. Finally, he got four of his colleagues to join him, and as one of them was the commander-in-chief he thus gained the casting vote. Each general commanded one day in turn. Miltiadês waited till his day came, and then drew up on the plain of Marathon. The Athenians held somewhat higher ground than the Persians, but the precise position has never been exactly determined. Neither is the number of the Persians actually engaged known, though if their total force was in action they must have had between 150,000 and 200,000 men. The Greeks had 10,000, and were without horse or bowmen. Miltiadês therefore at once charged in force, to come to close quarters, all the Greeks shouting their paian or war-cry. The wings held good, but the centre broke; as we know that the centre was made very thin, perhaps this entered into Miltiadês' plan of battle. At all events he took every advantage of the Persians as they pursued the flying Greek centre, being exposed on both flanks, utterly routed them, drove them to their ships, and destroyed seven of the latter. Six thousand Persians fell, and 192 Greeks; the latter were buried in triumph under a mound which still exists on Marathon.

The enthusiasm at Athens knew no bounds, since this was the first check to the Persian arms, hitherto invincible. Miltiadês asked for seventy ships on secret service against Persia. They were at once given him. He used them for purposes of private revenge, attacking the island of Paros. On his return he was very properly impeached and condemned. On account of his services a fine, amounting to the expense of the expedition, was imposed. He could not pay this, and died in prison of his wounds.

MILTON, JOHN, one of the most illustrious names in English literature, and the author of the greatest epic poem in the English language, was born in Bread Street, Cheapside, London, 9th December, 1608. His father, who bore the same name, was the son of a Richard Milton, a sturdy Roman Catholic yeoman of Stanton, St. John's, who disinherited his son for embracing Protestantism. Compelled thus to leave Christ Church, Oxford, and abandon hopes of a collegiate career, he had removed to London and established himself as a scrivener and conveyancer, an avocation in which he prospered abundantly, and acquired a modest fortune. He was a man of culture and refinement, and enjoyed a good reputation as a musician in his day. By his wife Sarah Jeffrey he had six children, of whom only three survived his daughter Anne, and his sons John and Christopher. He gave his son John a liberal education, as the poet afterwards testified:-" From my first years, by the ceaseless diligence and care of my father (whom God recompense), I was exercised to the tongues and some sciences, as my age would suffer, by sundry masters and teachers, both at home and at the schools." After attending St. Paul's School, where he composed among other exercises two metrical versions of the 114th and 136th Psalms, which have been preserved, he was entered a student of Christ's College, Cambridge, in February, 1625. Here he remained until July, 1632, taking his B.A. in January, 1629, and his M.A. just before leaving college. In addition to the regular Latin and Greek of the university he had diligently studied Hebrew, French, and Italian, acquiring a fair reputation with the authorities, and being nicknamed "The Lady" by his associates, from the grace of his personal appearance and the sternness of his morals. To this period belong several Latin essays and

simplicity of her husband a, proved very distastefn, to the

an

on the Marchioness of Winchester, the To the Mentingale," and the sonnet *On arriving at the Age of "venty-three. betong to 31

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At the time le mitted Camortize his father, who und retired from active onsiness, jad taken a country wouse at the lure of Horton. n 3nekinghamshire, und Miten. who va ibandered as riginal atention of ecoming terryman. bent the next six years of is e shetty nder his father's root, levoting himself to the issiduous study of Greek and Roman Iterature, varid studies in physical science, and music. most favoured um wing the ran in the ass TUL as pleasantly trcumstanced, entering n 118 earned Leisure communion with the master-ninús of antiany with the measures of trai ffe, is seeiusion being varied r trequent visits to London and intercourse with us friends there, he tormed many etemes for Inture Lour ind somnosed the best of us minor ems. it is to this period belong the xuisite companion neces. Allegro *fiseroso. of which Dr. Johnson remarks nost Justle **Every man that raus them ads hem with “iessuze : the mentaled Arrad.s, ani the nagfcent masque of Conus." Vich vas erfcrmed herre *he Earit Bridgewater at Ladlew Castle in Dut shorter nieces, entitiedat iema ilusie, nime and on the renmeision: three of the Latin →Fimilar Bristles were also composed at this time, and In November, 1637, le sommemorated the loss of ns 1ler frend Edward Ing. a is pastorni noir of → Lycidas," vilen vas misted in a collection of olatuary verses in Dils at Cambria Miton's mother Bed 3rd Anni 1337, t us brother Cristorher and his wife having taken in their abete it Horton, he took advantage if the innertimit” to start on a foreign tour, and in 1608 set mt for an Is Carner asted for out teen mentas, furing which he visited Parts. Genoa. Leghorn. Pisa, Florence, Rone, and Genera, making the we maintinee of some of the most fistinguished nen of the time. and gaining "avour vervieres seno arsip and irility. He returned to England in the summer of 1939, at id lot take in his residence with us father, who was about 15 as honse it Horton, and after some temporar Lodgings in St. Bride's Churari. Fet Svet, de vK A honse in a garden, in Aldersgate Street, and bean work is

vite sencoumaster. His pupils vere tinedy the mildren of relatives ar veil-to-in zmenus, and he appears to have awers and a liking for the peneranie wors of scho01 tracing. 3nt phile #fairs also amei jis attentin, for the single between the Cng und te Zariament was 10W TRANDI LUTsis, and Miten, who thenght and feit stenie in de morect, vis seen in the rest of the strin It was carried in sy arms a means of its and contades al jamsheta má Miton's land is irst useriet n the seetrit et pamecet puusted a "n" Bistro En andes tie mme af · Smeetsnams.” fm the initials of the Piran minsten, Somen Marscal Edmund Clany, Tumas i nag, Mitzer Novomen, and Alam Spurstowe who isvistent to write I He afterwarts issuei Intenendente ára stuer samsoleta bearing upon the sunque tirat Tärtat Moz #0 - C Refer1541% and Wave Reason of Canna Gorerament 1643. In 1543 Mon narrei Mar Powella pinag lady in her mutinæenta pear. a men er sé a Romast family of Oxford's ine, bat the gan anappy one. The change from the

btained leave to pay a visit to her parents, and then re*used to return. Miton forthwith pubisted in the ears of 1644 and 1645 (our treatises on the loctrine of "me, a which he urged that the notion of a sacramental sin In the marriage relation was a clerically inventet superen“ion, and taimed the right of ivorce for a austand wh vas deserted by is wife. These works naturally aroused a storm of opposition, and an attempt was made to bring him within the range of the law, on the round that these amphlets ad not been licensed or rezistered. Tük ina krem m In November, 1944, one of the achiest of is rose writings, entitled "Areoraction, a Soeren of Mr. John Milton Or the Liberty of Calensed Printing August, 1645, a reconciliation was effected between ba and his wife, and she afterwards bore am three fangsters —Anne, Mary, and Deborahi-dying in childbed with the ast n 1653. In 1645 he published a colection of bs wems in Enrtish and Latin, and went this time race nenced the reparation of a complete story of Eigand 1 system of divinity irawn from the Scripture in Latin, an: 1 Latin ictionar. After the excention of Carey L liton bined a pampniet entitied Inare of K ind Magistrates." in which he boldly defended the son that mu been taken, and shortly afterwaris he was inpointed secretar for foreign tongues to the vaneï of stirr of the Commonwealth, it a salary of £299 a par, STA o out £1000 at the present lav. This position bet um to use contact with ul the leaders of the reputat ind in the pursuit of his duties he was alei 1500 is pa some of the nutiest state papers ever authorized by m Engisa government. Some Jandred and twenty f L Latin etters, written or dictated by him, main të 28 (27 these are thrown into the shade by is iterary worked tetence of the repuzle. Tie irst of these, a pam the Articles Pace between the Eart of Ornona the Irish Reneis, appeared in May, 1943, and in te laa part of the same rear be published his “ Eikən kastes, in reny to the iebrated “ Eikon Bastikë.” attulite, t Charis L. but mail written y Dr. Jean Ganden. At t and of this rear there arpear in the Contient a win entitied the * Defensio Rega ɔɔ Cardio L,” by Sale 1815 or Clande ie Saumaiset Lerien, a man who *** eputation of being the greatest senoiar of Expe. T mtv i renlving to this was intristed to Mise, mi a 250% be issuedi i Tiscing mort în ais →P Pr ano Defensio," a wors vaien attracted great attentina the Continent, mi id much zwaris misg the ninte

the 3tis nie. Es evesicat, however, weak hai ang been weak, alled him alrigetter soun after the pa RION OF THs work, mi in 1952 he become tubLTD. de still, however, continued his fures as secretary, Jill ng the letters he was made to write sod be too and s Cefensio Seemia ɔɔ Pronio AM