Oldalképek
PDF
ePub

LIST OF PLATES.

VOL. IX.

To be Bound at Commencement of Volume in Following Order.

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small]
[blocks in formation]

LUCIFER (Luci-fer, the light-bringer, in Latin, and Fasphoros, its exact equivalent in Greek), the name among De andents of Venus as a morning star; Noctifer, Hesens Vesper, &c., were her names as an evening star. Lafer is also used as an epithet of several goddessesArrira, Diana, &c. In the classical mythology Lucifer or Daspar was a son of the star-god Astræus and the dawn25793 Aurora (Eôs), or, as some poets have it, of Kephalos Eos. He was held to be the father of the Hesperides. In medieval times Lucifer came to be the original name of Satan, the embodiment of pride, the archangel who fell t: ambition.

"I saw that one who was created noble

More than all other creatures, down from heaven, Faning with lightnings, fall upon one side." -Dante, "Purg." xii. This probably arises from the passage in Isaiah (xiv. 12) were the prophet inveighs in a parable against Nebuchadtear, the earthly embodiment of pride in his day: "How on fallen frorn heaven, O Lucifer, son of the mornMiton uses Lucifer as the special pride-giving thet of Satan, and in one fine passage couples the epithet

with the star also

Know then, that after Lucifer from heav'n,
So call him, brighter once amidst the host
Of angels than that star the stars among,
Fell with bis flaming legions through the deep
Into his place..

&c.

-"Paradise Lost," vii. 131.

se splendid house is built on sand.

LUCKNOW.

as long as the animal, is cylindrical, pointed, and slightly heeled at the base. There are about seventy species. Their geographical range is wide; they are found on the coasts of Norway and of the West Indies and New Zealand. Two hundred and fifty species have been found fossil, commencing in the Upper Silurian. The species of the family Lucinidæ are numerous; they are chiefly natives of temperate and tropical seas, living upon sandy and muddy bottoms, and ranging from the sea-shore to great depths. The genera Corbis, Kellia, Diplodonta, and Ungulina are included in this family.

LU'CIUS was the name borne by three popes.

LUCIUS I., Bishop of Rome, succeeded Cornelius, 25th September, 252, and was martyred at the hands of the pagans in March, 253.

close, 25th November, 1185.

LUCIUS II. (Gerard) succeeded Celestine II. 12th March, 1144. Immediately on his accession the people met on the capitol and declared the Roman republic re-established, and while professing obedience to the Pope in spiritual matters threw off their temporal allegiance, and elected a patrician or temporal governor. Resistance was overborne on every side, and the distressed Pope appealed for aid to the Emperor Conrad. As the emperor did not respond Lucius himself led the party of reaction, and was slain by a slinger's stone in attempting to storm the capitol, 25th February, 1145. LUCIUS III. (Ubaldo) succeeded Alexander III., 1st September, 1181. Stormy Rome rose and drove him out in 1182, and again in 1183, with varied forms of insult. He held a council at Verona with the Emperor Barbarossa I Spenser's "Faerie Queene" Lucifera is the goddess of (Frederick I.), 1184, and died at Verona soon after its F, LUCIFER MATCHES. See MATCHES. LUCKNOW' (Lakhnao), the capital of the province of LUCIF UGA is a genus of remarkable fishes inhabit- Oudh, British India, is situated on both banks of the the subterranean waters of caves in Cuba. As these river Gumti, and is distant from Cawnpore 42 miles, from never see the light, eyes are useless, and are therefore Benares 199 miles, from Calcutta 610 miles. The popuber absent altogether, or covered by the skin and quite lation is 261,303. Though quite a modern town, Lucknow imentary. The body is elongated and covered with at present ranks fourth in size among Indian cities, being te scales. The median fin is continuous, running only surpassed by the three presidency capitals of Calcutta, let the greater part of the back round to the vent. The Madras, and Bombay. It stands on an elevated plain, 403 tra fins are mere filaments attached to the shoulder feet above sea-level; and although destitute of any conThe barbels on the snout of its allies are replaced siderable trade or manufacture, still possesses very great Ladfaga by numerous minute cilia or tubercles. Luci- wealth. Till recent years it formed the metropolis of a blings to the family Ophidiidæ, of the order ANA- great Mohammedan kingdom, and afterwards contained the administrative headquarters of a considerable British province; while even at the present day it retains its position as a centre of modern Indian life, being the leading city of native fashion, and the chief school of Indian music, grammar, and Mussulman theology.

CANTHINL

LUCI NA is a genus of LAMELLIBRANCHIATA, a type famy Lucinidæ. The shell is orbicular in shape, free and closed, and of a white colour. The umbones are pressed; the lunule distinct; the margins small or atly crenulated. The animal has the mantle freely ben below; the siphonal orifice simple; the mouth minute; ps single on each side; and the foot, which is twice

VOL. IX.

Lucknow stands on both banks of the Gumti, but the greater portion of the city stretches along its western side, a few suburbs only covering the further shore. Four bridges

1

LUCKNOW.

Since the introduction of British rule, the new authorities have laid out well-kept roads, widened the tortuous native streets, and founded commodious bazaars, in which due attention has been paid to the comfort and convenience both of the commercial classes and their customers. The sanitary officers enforce stringent rules of cleanliness; and a municipality, containing many elective members, provides for the welfare of the city with a just regard to native feeling and wishes.

2

[ocr errors]

LUCKNOW.

span the river, two of them built by native rulers, and two gether with one regiment of military police, one of Oudh since the British annexation in 1856. Viewed from a dis- irregular cavalry, and two batteries of native artillery. tance, Lucknow presents a picture of unusual magnificence The town thus contained nearly ten Indian soldiers to and architectural splendour, which fades on nearer view every European, or 7000 to 750. Symptoms of disaffeeinto something more like the ordinary aspect of a crowded tion occurred as early as the month of April, when the Oriental town. Nevertheless, many of its streets are broader house of the surgeon to the 48th was burned down in and finer than those of most Indian towns; and the clear- revenge for a supposed insult to caste. Sir Henry Lawance effected for military purposes after the mutiny was rence immediately took steps to meet the danger by instrumental in greatly improving both the aspect and the fortifying the Residency and accumulating stores. On the sanitary condition of the city. A glacis half a mile broad | 30th of April the men of the 7th Oudh Irregulars refused surrounds the fort; and three military roads, radiating to bite their cartridges, on the ground that they had from this point as a centre, cut right through the heart of been greased with cow's fat. They were induced, with the native quarter, often at an elevation of some 30 feet some difficulty, to return to their lines. On 3rd May Sir above the neighbouring streets. The Residency crowns a Henry Lawrence resolved to deprive the mutinous regiment picturesque eminence, the chief ornament of the city. of its arms, a step which was not effected without serious Lucknow contains two noble mosques, one Imambara of delay. On 12th May Sir Henry held a darbar, and made imperial dimensions, four tombs of regal splendour (those an impressive speech in Hindustani, in which he called of Saadat Ali Khan, of Mushid Zadi, of Mohammed Ali upon the people to uphold the British government as most Shah, and of Ghazi-ud-din Haidar), together with two tolerant to Hindus and Mohammedans alike. Two days great palaces, or rather collections of palaces (the Chattar earlier the massacre at Meerut had taken place, and a Manzil and the Kaisar Bagh). Besides these larger works, telegram brought word of the event on the morning after it also comprises a large number of royal garden houses, the darbar. On the 19th Sir Henry Lawrence received pavilions, town mansions, temples, and mosques. Since the supreme military command in Oudh. He immediately the annexation the nobility of Oudh have built a large fortified the Residency and the Machi Bhawan, bringing number of town houses. They generally possess an im- the ladies and children into the former building. On the posing gateway as one main feature of the façade, consist- night of the 30th May the expected insurrection broke ing of arch within arch, rising from the same base, and out at Lucknow. The men of the 71st, with a few from covered with a modern Oriental profusion of gaudy colour- the other regiments, began to burn the bungalows of their ing. Various charitable dispensaries, schools, and other officers, and to murder the inmates. Prompt action was works of public utility have also been built since the taken, and early next morning the European force attacked, occupation of the city by the British. dispersed, and followed up for 10 miles the retreating mutineers, who were joined during the action by the 7th Cavalry. The rebels fled towards Sitapur. Though the city thus remained in the hands of the British, by the 12th of June every other post in Oudh had fallen into the power of the mutineers. The chief-commissioner still held the cantonments and the two fortified posts at the beginning of June, but the symptoms of disaffection in the city and among the remaining native troops were unmistakable. In the midst of such a crisis Sir Henry Lawrence's health The traffic of Oudh flows southward from Bahramghat unhappily gave way. He delegated his authority to a and Faizabad through Lucknow to Cawnpore. Large council of five, presided over by Mr. Gubbins, the financial quantities of grain and timber come in from the trans- commissioner, but shortly after recovered sufficiently to Gogra districts, while raw cotton, iron, and imported resume the command. On the 11th June, however, the goods go northward in exchange. The Oudh and Rohil-military police and native cavalry broke into open revolt. khand Railway, with its branches, has a station in the town, followed on the succeeding morning by the native infantry. and gives direct communication with Benares, Bareilly, and On the 20th of June news of the fall of Cawnpore arrived; Cawnpore, besides connecting with the great trunk lines and on the 29th the enemy, 7000 strong, advanced upea to Calcutta, Bombay, and the Punjab. Manufactures are Chinhat, a village on the Faizabad road, 8 miles from the carried on to a considerable extent, the chief products Residency. Sir Henry Lawrence marched out and gave being those which call for the usual Oriental combination battle at that spot. The result proved disastrous to the of patience, industry, minute manual skill, and delicate British arms, through the treachery of the Oudh artillery, taste in the management of colour. Cotton muslins and and a retreat became necessary. The troops fell back on other textile fabrics have a high reputation. Gold and Lucknow, abandoned the Machi Bhawan, and concentrated silver brocade, however, made of small wires, forms the all their strength upon the Residency. The siege of the leading manufacture. It is used for the numerous pur- inclosure began upon 1st July. On the 2nd, as Sir Henry poses of Indian pomp, and has a considerable market even Lawrence lay on his bed, a shell entered the room, burst, in Europe. The gorgeous needlework embroidery upon and wounded him severely. He lingered till the morning velvet and cotton, with gold thread and coloured silks, of the 4th, and then died in great agony. Major Banks also employs many hands. Glass-work and moulding in succeeded to the civil command, while the military authority clay still maintain their original excellence. The railway devolved upon Brigadier Inglis. On 20th July the enemy workshops employ several hundred workmen. made an unsuccessful assault. Next day Major Banks was The chief interest of Lucknow to British readers is its shot, and the sole command was undertaken by Inglis. On connection with the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857. Two months the 10th of August the mutineers attempted a second before the outbreak at Meerut, Sir Henry Lawrence (20th assault, which was again unsuccessful. The third assault March, 1857) had assumed the chief-commissionership of took place on the 18th; but the enemy were losing heart the newly annexed province of Oudh. The garrison at as they found the small garrison so able to withstand them, Lucknow then consisted of the 32nd (British) Regiment, and the repulse proved comparatively easy. Meanwh le a weak company of European artillery, the 7th Regiment the British within were dwindling away and eagerly exNative Light Cavalry, and the 13th, 48th, and 71st Regi-pecting reinforcements from Cawnpore. On 5th September ments of native infantry. In or near the city were also news of the relieving force under Outram and Havelock quartered two regiments of irregular local infantry, to- reached the garrison by a faithful native messenger.

[ocr errors]
« ElőzőTovább »