resuming the "bitter speech" of v., which they strengthen for themselves], giving one another mutual support, and fortifying their word by the number of false witnesses. They talk to themselves ||| say to themselves], in their consultation,― of hiding snares] that is, from the context, ensnaring words, of treacherous character. Who can see ?] They persuade themselves that even the God of Israel will not see, cf. 10. 11. 13.7a. They search out injustice], diligently seek for something that they may wrest to their evil purpose, however unjust that would be. They have hidden a plot]. This is the most probable rendering, and gives an appropriate climax, though sustained by but few Hebrew codd. The ordinary reading is a difficult one, which may be explained either as "accomplished" AV., RV., or as "we are innocent" JPSV.; but neither of these translations suits the context.

Str. III. is also stairlike to Str. II. It is composed of an introductory line, resuming the last line of v.7a, and then of the antithetical couplet of divine retribution and a closing couplet showing its effect upon all observers. — 7b. Each one draws nigh with a deep mind], so G, V, taking the Hebrew form as vb. MT., followed by modern Vrss., takes it as noun: "inward thought of every one " || " mind," of which " deep " is the common predicate. But the connection is difficult, and the thought abrupt. The Psalmist now would say that the enemies have undertaken to carry out their treacherous plans. They draw nigh the Persian court, each and all of them, with their plan deep in their mind. But though it was hidden from Israel, it was not hidden from Yahweh, and He visits them with swift and just retribution before their plans become effective, cf. Is. 2915.-8. Then Yahweh doth shoot at them], in antithesis with the shooting of the enemy at Israel; and this shooting is not only sudden as theirs, but it is effective, because it accomplishes their wound. "With an arrow" is an unnecessary explanatory addition at the expense of the measure. -9. The divine shooting was also in the use of words. - He causeth them to stumble by their own tongue]. Their own words are turned against them to their own hurt so I venture to amend the text. The text of and the ancient Vrss. is corrupt and dubious as is generally agreed. All efforts to make good sense out of the text have failed. The humiliation is indeed in public

in antithesis with the deeply hidden craft.

All that look on them

wag the head], in scorn and derision, as RV., cf. 228 Je. 482, which is to be preferred to another reading: "flee away" in horror, of AV., although modern scholars are very much divided in their preferences between the two.-10. A glossator explains by the insertion of " and all men shall fear," at the expense of the measure. And declare His doing], that is, Yahweh's, recognising the retribution as His. This is made more definite in the text by the insertion of the divine name for the suffix, making the line just this word too long. His work consider], observe, contemplate, ponder it, reflect upon it and the lesson it conveys of warning and rebuke, cf. Dt. 329 Ps. 1067. — 11. This Ps. ends like the previous one, with a similar Maccabean gloss, expressing the confidence that the righteous || all the upright of mind, who seek refuge in Yahweh in their distress, will ultimately rejoice and glory, cf. 343 6312.

2. ] but more prob. The former unconscious substitution by a late copyist, owing to his interpretation of D as life.-3. This v. is not in B; it is of different measure from Ps. and is doubtless a late gl.-nya] cstr.n.f. a.λ. RТ ȧπò πλýlovs, a multitudine, I a tumultu; but acc. to context, || D prob. companionship. Cf. 21.—4. 72 177] phr. a.λ.; should have retracted accent with 727 for euphony; so v.6a. adj. bitter, harsh, severe. Cf. Ju. 1825 Hb. 1o. — 5. riv?] Qal inf. cstr. ~~9 (112) with ? purpose; but Hiph. impf. with sf. 3 m. 177 v.56, and on Hiph. impf. sf. 3 pl. with consec. v.8a. The use of Qal in same Ps. as two Hiphs. with same mng. improb.; rd. rin.-on] as v.8 on adv. suddenly. Cf. Is. 4711 488 Je. 420 626+.. -187] Qal impf. i.p. N with neg. having force of without, in a circumstantial clause, Ges.156. 36. S, Lowth., Street, Gr., 87 Niph. impf. gives certainly a better parallelism, and is favoured by v.6.-6.] archaic sf. with, reflexive. It is also required for measure and good sense after D, used in the weakened sense of speak, as 5918 7315. But as obj. of is unexampled and improb. It should go with N. It has been misplaced.-7.] Qal impf. 3 pl. ‡ [on] vb. † Qal search out, think out, elsw. search for Pr. 24, search, test La. 340 Pr. 2027. Pi. search, Ps. 777. † Pu. be searched, v. as Pr. 2812. †on n.[m.] a.λ. device, plot BDB. in second clause ἐξεραυνῶντες ἐξεραυνήσει = tonoton, V, I, scrutantes scrutinio rd. But the 1. is too long. The former goes with previous 1. to complete it; the latter as Qal pf. with subsequent 1. —p] is taken by Bä., Dr., al. as Qal pf. I pl. of □nn for won. But the sudden change of pers. is improb. De., Now., after 6, V, J, S, take it as 3 pl. unn for an Ges. 20. 0. Du. follows several codd. Kenn., De Rossi, and rds. up, which is favoured

.as Gr,חפשים חפש

=

-is improb יָרְס

by v..] as 510 inward part of man, I cogitationibus. But πроσελεύσεται, * accedet = = draw near, as 272. — ] 1 of accompaniment. poy] adj. deep, inscrutable, cf. Jb. 1222 Ec. 724.-8. ] consec. dependent on previous pfs. and thus sustaining them, unless we suppose a new clause begins here with different tense. Ο καὶ ὑψωθήσεται able.-DND] as v., so I; but Giv = DINDD (198) the simple, so parvulorum. It is however improbable. -or] pl. c. sf. 3 pl. tp n.f. wound, blow 1 K. 2235 Ze. 136 Is. 16 Je. 1019+. The v. is too long for one 1., two short for two. n is unnecessary gl.; not with vb. v5; so also 7.9. ] Hiph. impf. 3 pl. 1 consec. It is improb. that 3 sg. and 3 pl. in same v. should refer to enemies. 3 et corruent in semetipsos linguis suis, et infirmatae sunt contra eos linguae eorum, seem to have had no sf. but my. ℗ kai éžovlévŋoav avròv ai yλŵooaι avrŵv had the sf., but not by; prob. is conflation of the two. by Dy., Hi., Now., as 908 is improb. The prop. reading is with Marti, Du., web by inhwan. — 17] Hithp. impf. 3 pl. dub. I fugient, Ges., Ew., Hi., BDB, 171 flee away in horror, Bä., Now., Du., Dr., Kirk., wag the head, cf. Je. 4827. consec. should be prefixed as in previous and subsequent vbs.—10.] is a gl., making the specific reference of v.9 too universal. —by] for an original D: divine name makes 1. too long.-11. ] evidence of gl. of 1., certainly not in E.

PSALM LXV., 2 STR. 45.

Ps. 65 is an ancient song of praise in the temple at the time of votive offering (v.2. 3a), rejoicing in the privilege of worship there (v."), and admiring the wonders of Yahweh in nature (v. 6. 7. 8a. 98) 96). A gloss makes this worship a universal privilege (v.) and these wonders a ground of universal confidence (v.). Another makes them an object of fear (v.9). Another thinks of the covering over of transgression (v.). Later editors add fragments of two harvest songs in different measures: the former (v.10-11) with reference to the grain harvest, the latter (v.12-14) with reference to the richness of flocks.

To Thee a song of praise is recited, Yahweh, in Zion;

And to Thee a votive offering is being paid, O Hearer of prayer, in Jerusalem. Happy the one whom Thou choosest and bringest near to dwell in Thy courts! We shall be satisfied with the goodness of Thy house, the holy place of Thy temple.

WITH awful things in righteousness Thou answerest us, O God of our salvation, Who establishest the mountains by power, being girded with might;

Who stillest the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves;

With Thy wonders the outgoings of the morning and evening Thou makest to jubilate.

, cf. nhan v.2.

The original Ps.

Ps. 65 was in B and then in f. But previously it was a It was then in E and DR (v. Intr. §§ 24, 27, 31, 32, 33). was v. .2-3a. 5. 6a. 7. 8a. 96, two pentameter tetrastichs, a hymn of praise to Yahweh in Zion, in peaceful times of the Restoration. Many codd. (HP), Comp., Ald., have ᾠδὴ Ιερεμίου καὶ Ιεζεκιὴλ καὶ τοῦ λαοῦ τῆς παροικίας ὅτε ἔμελλον EKπорEVEσ lαι; so L, V. But this is an impossible assignment. It was written for use in public worship in Palestine. The universalism of v.3b-4. 6b. 8b-9a is due to a later editor. Two fragments of harvest songs were added, possibly in E. The first, of five tetrameter lines, v.10-11; the second, of seven trimeter lines, v.12-14.

Str. I. has a syn. and a synth. couplet.-2. To Thee], emphatic in position and repeated at the beginning of the next line. -a song of praise], a hymn, as G, H, accompanying a votive offering, both specific and not general, "praise" and "vow," as EV. is recited ], the most probable reading || is being paid, to be preferred to "silence," "resignation," H, 3, T, or "is becoming," "beseemeth," 6, S, V, which seems to be inappropriate paraphrase. The paraphrase of AV., RV., "waiteth," is still less justifiable.-3. A later glossator, influenced by Is. 567 6623, gives this worship a universal reference by insertion of: unto Thee all flesh come. -4. A still later glossator makes the Ps. more suitable to ordinary worship by inserting a reference to the covering over of sins.matters of iniquities], interpreted in the || as our transgressions.- have (they) prevailed over (us)], so ; been too strong for us and so overcome us, involving us in transgression. , J, have "over me," changing the person to pl. in the second clause. If the original was singular, it is still the congregation that is speaking. But the plural is more suitable to the later period of the glossator. This clause is the protasis of the apodosis: Thou coverest them over]. This was in the later ritual accomplished by the sin offering; but more frequently in by the sovereign grace of God without sacrifice, cf. 321 7838 799. — 5. Happy the one]; cf. 11.— whom Thou choosest and bringest near to dwell in Thy courts], not referring especially to the Levitical privileges in the temple, but more generally to all worshippers who have this right of daily worship as members of the sacred community, cf. 151 236 243 27 845.- We shall be satisfied with the goodness of Thy house], the bountiful provisions made there for the body and soul of the worshipper, cf. 36° 63°.— the holy

G

place of Thy temple], not technically, the holy place as distinguished from the most holy, the palatial reception room, to which only priests were admitted; but, as usual in, the holy place as identical with the temple in its more general sense as embracing the entire sacred enclosure, cf. 4810 791 1382.

Str. II. A tetrastich of introverted parallelism.-6-9. With awful things], things or deeds of Yahweh inspiring awe, and so ||with Thy wonders], v.9; not miracles in the technical sense, although this word is often used for them; but, as the context shows, the tokens or signs of the divine power in the control of the great forces of nature. -in righteousness], not judicial, forensic, or legal; but, as usual in , vindicatory and saving, and accordingly emphasized in O God of our salvation. Thou answerest us], responding to the prayers and worship of His people. the outgoings of the morning and evening Thou makest to jubilate]. It is probable that this does not refer to sunrise and sunset, the East and West as the extreme limits of the earth, with universal significance; but rather to sunrise and sunset as the limits of the day, and so the goings out of morning and evening worship in the temple. These jubilate in the assurance that Yahweh has answered the prayers of His people with salvation. It is evident, however, that a later editor gave the former interpretation, for he inserts in v. the confidence of the extremities of the earth, and supplements by the isles afar off, which by copyist's error appears in the text as "the sea of them that are afar off," certainly an awkward expression. Who establishest the mountains by power]. The mountains are conceived in as the strong, stable, and permanent parts of the earth, the most appropriate representatives of divine power, cf. 367 902 Pr. 8. — being girded with might], passive or possibly reflexive, "girding Thyself with might," cf. 93'; that is, for so great a task. Who stillest the roaring of the seas], the other great representatives of power in nature, cf. 36 8910 93; defined more closely as the roaring of their waves. There should be little doubt that the original Ps. referred to the real seas || with the real mountains. But a later editor, wishing to give it figurative sense, interprets it as the tumult of the peoples, cf. 46', but at the expense of the measure. Another glossator adds, and so the dwellers