"So be it. I shall turn in, I think. Not that I'm sleepy. Good-night!" In the Tressel family there has ever been an | must have another pipe after all this. I must hereditary disposition to disease of the heart. have a smoke and a think." His strength was undermined, too, by dissipation and, perhaps, want of food." His voice trembled as he said this. "When he looked out of that window, and comprehended fully the hideous struggle with death in which he had been engaged, a terrible reaction came over him. He closed the window convulsively, and staggered to that chair, never to quit it alive. Heaven smote him down, the proceeds of his heartless robbery yet new upon him." Tressell was white and trembling as he spoke. He shivered almost, as with cold. "It is broad daylight," said he. "Par- There was silence for some minutes. A MANUAL OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF VOICE AND SPEECH-By James Hunt, Ph. D., etc., etc., etc., Author of "A Treatise on the Cure of Stammering," etc.-A series of articles or treatises on questions connected with voice, speech, singing, and speaking. Sometimes the papers treat of physical subjects, as respiration, the vocal apparatus, the organs of articulation, the production of the voice. At others, they are devoted to more philosophical or metaphysical questions, as language in general, the elements of speech, the origin of language, and a survey of languages. Then we go to English in particular and writing in general. Matters more directly within range of the author's practice close the book, including defective articulation, disorders of the voice, its cultivation, and management, the whole culminating and terminating in what words were given for, "oratory and public speaking." "Good-night? and the light glaring in in this way, and the morning air blowing about as exhilarating as the best champagne! Day and night! Give over such unmeaning divisions of time,-I have done so long since,— and say good-by, if you mean leaving me." "Good-by, then." "One moment. He's a fine old man that from next door. I must read his book. He's a curious look about him. I once thought his upper story wasn't altogether wind-andwater tight, and yet I think he's sane too." Good-by." 66 "A moment, Jack. existence." "A what?" I wish I had a dual I wish I was two "A dual existence. selves. I should like to be another self looking out of my window in Essex Street, and foxing off this self sitting here on your parapet smoking like Etna!" "Hum! Take another glass, and you'll have dual vision. That will be a step towards what you want. Good-by!" "Another moment, Jack. I've been thinking again. I tell you what. The real Temple tragedy will be when you cut these rooms and marry Bella Brownsmith!" Was Jack blushing, or was it only the rosy rays of morning playing upon his face? Tom, you're a villain! Good-by!" "Good-by!" 66 the results of his own consideration of the questions, especially in reference to his professional experience. The "Manuel" is a vast repertory of facts and opinions relating to the physical or gans of utterance, and of utterance itself, from the lower animantia to man, and of the various questions connected with voice and language. These facts, too, are curious and useful. Of the curious, Colombat's idea may be mentioned, that he had succeeded in forming a "notation of the cries arising from various pains." Actual cautery or burning is expressed in thirds; the first treble C and E, both notes being minims. The surgeon's knife clicits an octave; G on the treble stave as a demi-semi-quaver, passing (legato) into G on the stave as a semibreve, which may be prolonged ad libitum, or where the performer may introduce some extempore passage to show his taste. The cry caused by sudden danger extends to a ninth, the first treble C as a crotchet, rising to D on the stave as a minim, and so on. The book is an admitted compilation. Indeed the subjects are too numerous to admit of its-Spectator. being otherwise. But Mr. Hunt has introduced CONSUL HARRIS IN JAPAN. nor stand up. In the norrimon the Japanese [These letters, says the Washington Union, were kneel and place their feet close together, and not intended for the public eye.] then sit on their heels; if they wish to repose themselves they lean forward, and rest the chin on their knees, so that the body and limbs form three horizontal folds or piles-a position that they assume and keep without annoyance from long practice, and from the great flexibility of their joints, but which is almost unattainable by a white man, and is absolutely unendurable. I had a norriman made for me seven feet long, and in it I put a mattress and pillows, which made it as comfortable as the Indian palanquin; but of all the modes of travelling, the camel, the elephant, and the palanquin are the most fatiguing. U. S. CONSULATE GENERAL, SIMODA, Japan, July 3, 1858. MY DEAR -You are aware that I brought with me to this country a letter from the President of the United States, addressed to the Emperor of Japan. In the month of October, 1856, I wrote to the Government of Yeddo that I wished to go to that city for the purpose of delivering the letter with which I had been intrusted. It would not interest you to read an account of the various means used by the Japanese to induce me to deliver the letter at Simoda, nor to read an account of the negotiations thereupon, which were spun out for some ten months. At last, find- On the lovely morning of Monday, Nov. ing that I could not be moved from my original 23, I started for the long-desired goal of my determination, they yielded all the points at wishes-Yeddo. Four lads, with small bamissue, and agreed that I should go to Yeddo, boo wands, led the way as harbingers, and and deliver the letter, at a public audience, to their voices sounded quite musical as they the Emperor. This was a decided success, sang the Japanese words for "clear the way," and I drew favorable omens from this removal" clear the way," "kneel down," "kneel of the great barrier which had hitherto pre- down." Next followed a Japanese officer on vented a personal communication with the horseback; then came a large lackered tablet, Government. More than two months were bearing my name and titles in immense consumed by the Japanese in making their Chinese characters. The tablet was suppreparations for my journey and for my reception at Yeddo. I was informed that the Emperor had given orders that I should receive the same honors as are paid to the princes of the blood, as well on the road as in the towns and villages through which I would pass. I was told that the Vice-Governor of Simoda would attend me, in the character of a courier, and that he would implicitly obey all my instructions. ported by two huge transparent lanterns, which bore similar inscriptions. (When I halted, the tablet was placed in front of my quarters, and at night the lanterns were lighted and hung up over the gate of the house.) Next came a stout fellow, bearing the "stars and stripes," with four guards. I followed either on horseback or in my norrimon, and attended by twelve guards. Next came Mr. Heuskin (interpreter), and after him I do not recollect how it was arranged, except that the Vice Governor brought up the rear. My train numbered some one hundred and fifty persons, composed of guards (my own), norrimon-bearers, cooks, grooms, shoe-bearers, cane-bearers, fan-bearers, and last, though not For the first three days the route was enleast, a standard-bearer, and a large number tangled among mountains and deep ravines of coolies. I had permitted the Japanese to which compose the peninsula of Idsu. The arrange and dress my train according to their path (for it could not be called a road) was ideas of propriety, and what they conceived narrow, and in many places was formed by was due to the representative of the Presi- cutting steps in the Jufa rocks, and somedent of the United States. My guards, each times it ran over mountains four thousand with two swords in the girdle, and clad in new feet high. On the second day I reached silk dresses, as they swelled and strutted Ugasima, and as I emerged from the gorges about, appeared to be " mightily uplifted in of Mount Amagi I had my first view of heart," while they and my bearers and grooms" Fusi Yama," the " Matchless Mountain." appeared to have "broken out " all over their The sight was grand beyond description. As bodies with "spread eagles," as the back, viewed from the Temple at Ugasima, the breast and sleeves of their dresses were sprin- mountain appears to be entirely isolated, and kled over with the arms of the United States, shoots up in a glorious and perfect cone ten which were neatly painted on them. I per- thousand feet high! It was covered with formed the journey partly on horseback and snow, and in the bright sunlight it glittered partly in a norrimon, which is the Japanese like frosted silver. In its majestic solitude it name for a palanquin. The Japanese norri- struck me as being even more grand and immon will compare with the celebrated iron posing than the celebrated Dwhalgiri of the cages of the Cardinal Balne of France, in Himmala mountains. For the first two nights which the poor inmate could neither lie down | I was lodged in temples, which had been fitted up for me, with new bath-rooms and other appliances to contribute to my comfort. On the evening of the third day I arrived at Missima, a town on the To-ky-do, or great East road, and from thence to Yeddo the road is wide and good. On the great roads of Japan nice buildings are erected for the accommodation of the princes when they travel; they are called Howjin; and it was in them that I had my quarters for the remainder of my journey. On my arrival at one of these buildings the Vice-Governor would hasten to compliment me on my arrival, and ask after my health. On one occasion I asked him to come into the house, but he shook his head, and said he dared not do it, as only those of "exalted rank" could enter a Howjin; yet this man has received some thirty steps of promotion, wears the imperial arms on his sleeve, and is the "Leader of One Thousand Stars"-i.e., the commander of one thousand soldiers. My first day's journey on the To-ky-do was over the Mountain Hacone, which is some four thousand five hundred feet high. After I had passed the crest of the mountain, and had descended about one-third of the way I came to a perfect bijou of a rest house. Every thing was in miniature. The house was new, and nothing could exceed its neatness. A miniature garden adorned the rear, the trees were dwarfed to the smallest of possible sizes. Here were tiny temples and grottoes, and bridges so petite that nothing heavier than a fairy could walk over them. A canal and fish-pond, paved with snow-white pebbles, were filled with water of crystal clearness; the gold and silver fish, however, were of enormous size, some being quite two feet long, and a gray-headed old carp appeared to be the patriarch of the finny family. The passage of Mount Hacone was not completed until after nightfall; but I did not regret being belated, as it afforded me the novel sight of my train brilliantly lighted by a large number of huge bamboo torches. As the train twisted and turned among the descents of the mountain, it looked like the tail of a huge fiery dragon. On reaching the plain I was met by the authorities of the city of Odowara and a whole army of lanterns, of all imaginable sizes and colors, each being decorated with the arms of its owner, and the whole forming an ensemble that was lively and pleasing. I passed Sunday, the 29th of November, at Kawasaki. This is the town that Chaplain Bittinger reached when he made his celebrated dash at Yeddo. [See Commodore Perry's Journal of the Japan Expedition.] From my first arrival in Japan up to the present day I have always refused to transact any business or to travel on Sunday. I soon got the Japanese to understand my motive, and I am sure it has increased their respect for me. The roads were all repaired and cleanly swept on the whole of my route before I passed; bridges were put in order, and many new ones built; all travel on the road was stopped, so that I did not see those crowds of travellers, priests, nuns, etc., described by Kempfer; the shops in all the towns and villages were closed (except cook-shops and teahouses), and the inhabitants, clad in their holiday clothes, knelt on mats spread in front of their houses; not a sound was heard, nor a gesture indicative of curiosity seen; all was respectful silence. The people were ordered to cast down their eyes as I passed, as I was too high even to be looked at; but this order was only partially obeyed, for the dear daughters of Eve would have a peep, regardless of consequences. The authorities of the towns and villages met me at their boundaries, and saluted me by kneeling and "knocking head;" they then led the way through their little jurisdictions, and took leave by similar prostrations. To you, who know me so well, I trust I need not say that these ceremonies and slavish observances but ill agreed with my simple habits, and that they were utterly repugnant to my sincere Republican principles. But what could I do? I knew that the ultimate success of the real object of my mission to Yeddo did, in fact, very much depend on the state and ceremony which was observed on my journey, and which would attend my entry into Yeddo. Such being my feelings and opinions, I did not, on the one hand, demand any of these honors, nor, on the other, refuse them when offered to me. On Monday, the 30th of November, I made my entry into Yeddo. My followers put on their camissimes, or dresses of ceremony, decorated with any quantity of eagles. I should not have known when I passed the line which separates Sinagana from Yeddo had the spot not been pointed out to me, as the houses form a continuous street for some miles before you reach the actual boundary of the city. From the gate by which I entered the city to my quarters was about seven miles. The streets of Yeddo are divided into sections of one hundred and twenty yards by gates and palisades of strong timber. This enables the police to isolate any portion of the city, or any line running through it, and thus prevent the assembling of crowds or mobs. When we approached a gate it was opened, and as soon as the rear had passed through it was closed. The gates of all the cross streets were also kept closed. I could see immense crowds beyond the gates, but the people on our actual line of march were those only that occupied the buildings on the route. You may think it impossible that silence could have been maintained among so large a number of women, but I assure you it was so. The house prepared for me was situated within the fourth circle of the castle, or aristocratic portion of the city, and large enough to accommodate five hundred persons, in the Japanese manner. On my arrival I was warmly welcomed by my good friend the Prince of Sinano, who showed me the various provisions that had been made for my accommodation and comfort, and which included chairs, tables, bedsteads, etc., none of which are used by the Japanese. Notwithstanding all this, the number that as-crape, was carried before me. This flag is the sembled was prodigious. The centre of the first foreign banner that was ever carried way was kept clear, and the crowd kept back through this great city, and I mean to preby ropes stretched along each side of the serve it as a precious relic. The distance street. The assemblage was composed of from my residence to the Palace was over two men, women, and children, of all ranks and miles. On arriving at the bridge over the conditions the women being the larger num- third moat, or ditch, all my train left their ber. I estimated the two lines of people that horses and norrimons and proceeded on foot. extended along the way, from my entrance I continued in my norrimon, and was carried into the city to the place provided for my over three moats, and through as many fortiresidence, to have been full three hundred fied gateways up to the gate of the Palace thousand. Yet in all this vast concourse I did itself. I was received at the entrance by two not hear a word, except the constant cry of chamberlains, who, having "knocked head," the Harbingers, Sátu, sátu! conducted me to an apartment where I found a chair for my use. Tea, bon-bons, and other refreshments, were then offered to me. A large number of the Princes came to be presented to me. At length I was told the Em peror was ready to receive me. I passed through a large hall in which some three hundred to four hundred of the high nobles of Japan, all dressed in their court dresses, were kneeling, and as silent and as motionless as statues; and from this hall I entered the audience chamber. At this moment a chamberlain called out, in a loud voice, "Merrican Embassador," and the Prince of Sinano threw himself down and crawled along as I walked in. Mr. Heusken, my secretary, who carried The following day the Prince of Tamba the President's letter, halted at the entrance. visited me in great state. He said he came I advanced up the room, making three bows as a "special ambassador" from the Emperor as I proceeded, and halted at the head of two to congratulate me on my arrival, and to ask | lines of men, who were prostrate on their after my health. After receiving these com- faces; those on my right were the five mempliments, and making a suitable reply, the bers of the Council of State, with the Prince Prince pointed to a large box which he said of Bittsu at their head, and those on the left was a present to me from His Majesty. I were three brothers of the Emperor. found the box contained five large trays of bon-bons, weighing over one hundred pounds. I subsequently visited the hereditary Prince of Hotta, Chief of the great Council of State and Minister for Foreign Affairs. The visit was a pleasant one, and the arrangements for my audience were completed. I gave the Prince a copy of my intended speech to the Emperor, and before I left he gave a copy of the reply the Emperor would make to me. By this arrangement, the speeches being both translated beforehand, we would be enabled to dispense with the presence of interpreters at the audience. On the Monday week after my arrival I set out for the Palace. My train blazed out in new silk dresses, and my guard wore their breeches rolled up to the middle of the thigh. You must know that the wearing of breeches in Japan is a mark of high rank, or, if worn by an inferior, that he is in the service of one of the highest rank; so that the wearing of breeches here is as much coveted as it is said to be in certain quarters in America, and that here, as well as in America, the article is a type or emblem of power or authority. A new flag, made of Japanese His Majesty was seated on a chair placed on a dais, elevated some three feet above the floor of the chamber. He was dressed in yellow silk, and wore a black lackered cap that utterly defies description. After a short pause, I made my address to him, and, after a similar pause, he replied to me in a clear and pleasant voice. When the Emperor had finished, Mr. Heusken brought the President's letter to me. I removed the silk cover (striped, red and white), opened the box, and displayed the writing to the Prince of Bittsu, who now stood up. Then, closing the box, I handed it to the Prince, who placed it on a lackered stand prepared for the purpose. Mr. Heusken having retired to his place, and the Prince being again prostrate, the Emperor bowed to me, smiling pleasantly at the same time. This ended my audience, and I backed out of the room, making three bows as I retired. The usual dress of the Japanese nobles is of silk, but the court dress is made of a coarse yellow grass cloth, and for a coronet they wear a black lackered affair that looks like a distracted night cap. I did not see a single gem, jewel, or ornament of any kind on the person of the Emperor or on those of his courtiers, who comprised the great nobility of Japan. From the audience chamber I was taken to another room, where I found the five great councillors of State, who, having been presented to me, congratulated me on my audience, and expressed their wonder and astonishment at what they called my "greatness of heart." When I asked for an explanation, they said that they were filled with admiration to see me stand erect, look the awful "Tycoon" in the face, speak plainly to him, hear his reply and all this without any trepidation, or any "quivering of the muscles of the side." I write all this to let you see that the Japanese Princes understand the use of court compliments. I was then shown a present of fifteen silken robes from His Majesty, and was taken to a room where a banquet, set out on sixty trays, twelve inches high, was prepared for my single stomach. There was food enough for one hundred hungry men! You must know that the dinner trays (like the breeches) are a mark of rank in Japan; and the rank indicated by the height of the trays, which vary from three to twelve inches in height. Again, if the trays are lackered, it diminishes the honor connected with the actual height of the tray, for it indicates that it can be used on another occasion; but if it be made of unpainted cypress wood, the honor is complete, for it says as plain as words can do, "You are so sublime in your rank that no one can dare to eat from a tray that you have used!" My attention was particularly called both to the height of the trays and to the flattering fact that, "by a special edict," they were made of unvarnished wood. You must know that this same dinner had been the subject of grave discussion, both in Simoda and in Yeddo. They were very anxious I should eat at the Palace. I replied that I would do so cheerfully, provided a person or persons of suitable rank would eat with me; but said that self-repect would forbid my eating at a table where my host or his representative declined to sit down. When I had admired the very neat arrangement of the banquet, I was again asked to sit down. I then said, "Say to His Majesty that I thanked him for his offered entertainment." At last the whole affair was sent to my quarters, where I distributed it among my Šimoda fol lowers. After the exhibition of the dinner, I was reconducted to the room I first entered, and, after I had drunk of the celebrated "powdered tea," I left, being conducted to the entrance by the two chamberlains, who knocked head with all the force that was due to one who had seen "the King, and yet lived." By the way, I forgot to state that the old formula of an audience, which was "kneel down," "knockhead, so that the bystanders can hear your skull crack," if it ever did exist at the court at Yeddo, was not used in my case. A faint request was made to me, at Simoda, that I would kneel, but I told them the request was offensive, and must not be repeated. That ended it. My return to Simoda was on a steamer presented to the Japanese by the Dutch, and my subsequent voyages to and from Yeddo were all by water. I do not know the exact date of my return to Simoda. There is a perfect blank in my memory for about twenty days. Suffice it to say, that on the 28th of March I was aware that I was as helpless as a child, and that I was also aware of the serious nature of my illness. In April I again started for Yeddo, notwithstanding the strong remonstrances of the physicians, and I was so feeble that I was actually carried on board the steamer like a child. Happily no ill effects followed this imprudent, but absolutely necessary, step of mine. The Emperor manifested the greatest kindness and the most marked solicitude for my perfect restoration to health. He daily sent me some very nice affair that had been prepared in the palace. After about a fortnight of these kind attentions, during which time I was rapidly gaining strength, His Majesty sent the Prince of Tamba to me to urge the use of a certain remedy, which the Prince described. If you are curious to know what the nature of the remedy was, you can turn to the second verse of the first chapter of the First Book of Kings, "commonly called the Third Book of Kings." In justice to myself, permit me to add that my health has so rapidly improved that I have not used the imperial prescription. The weather during April and May was charming, and each day I felt its influence. The Japanese pointed out various places of interest, such as temples, gardens, etc., which I visited with benefit to my health and relaxation for my mind. The Seeby, or theatres, of Yeddo are three in number. They are all in the north-east part of the city, and only a few yards distant from each other. I intended to visit them, but my friend, the Prince of Sinano, earnestly requested me not to do so. He said no Japanese of rank could go there without being disgraced; that if an imperial officer should be seen there, he would be dismissed the service. He added, "you now stand as high as any man in Japan; why, then, should you wish to cast yourself down. from the honorable place you occupy? Feeling convinced that his statements were correct, and not wishing to do any thing that might lessen my influence as the representa tive of my country, I did not go. The Jap |