to give confirmation (if confirmation it need) to the derivation of -heur, in bonheur and malheur, from augurium. He says of the poet Malherbe, who was very strict in rhyming: "Il ne vouloit point qu'on rimât sur bonheur ni sur malheur, parceque les Parisiens n'en prononcent que l'u, comme s'il y avoit bonhur et malhur." Does not this pronunciation of the Parisians bring the termination -heur one step nearer to augurium? And it is to be observed that they did not always pronounce -eur as ur, for Malherbe forbade the rhyming bonheur with honneur. J. C. M.

"EVERTIT DOMUM" FOR "EVERRIT DOMUM," ST. LUKE XV. 8, VULG. (5th S. vi. 207, 278, 336, 395, 519)—May I be permitted to add a supplementary note to the interesting remarks of MR. MARSHALL and others on this passage? The play on evertit and everrit, taken from this variety of reading, seems to have been a very popular one with our seventeenth century divines. To Fuller and Jeremy Taylor (whom MR. MARSHALL has adduced) we may add Archbishop Sancroft's "Everrit domum vidua evangelica, non evertit." Perhaps the note of another archbishop, Trench, will not be unwelcome to your readers on this passage: :

"The erroneous reading, evertit for everrit, prevailed in the copies of the Vulgate during the middle ages. It appears as early as Gregory the Great (Hom. 34 in Evang.), who says: Domus evertitur, quum consideratione reatus sui humanæ conscientiæ perturbatur.' And Thauler's interpretation a good deal turns on that very word: Deus hominem quærit, domumque ejus penitus evertit, quomodo nos solemus, aliquod requirentes, cuncta evertere, et loco suo movere, donec invenire contingat quod quærimus.' So Wiclif: Turneth up so down the house.' -On the Parables, p. 386.

But what I especially write a note upon this occasion for is to point out-what I have never seen remarked anywhere, curiously enough-how frequently (when printing first came in, and for a century or so afterwards) the letters r and t were confounded, and how often in our old dramatists the remembrance of this is an open sesame to the elucidation of a passage. In fact, in many an old book, like Florio's Montaigne for instance, it is not always very easy oneself to see whether a t or r be meant by the printer, so like those letters were. A commentator on our old dramatists, without this clue, is almost as unfortunate as one who is commenting on Plato without having read Homer. If you can spare room, perhaps you will allow me to add a few examples. In the translation of Don Quixote by J. Phillips, 1687, p. 41, I have little doubt that "reating" is a misprint for tearing. Similarly "tetchy," which occurs three times in Shakspeare, is, I fancy, only a misprint for retchy, if, indeed, not a confusion (a more probable idea) between the words earlier than Shakspeare's time. Resty and testy have, I suspect, the same history. And in Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy (Tegg &

Co., 1848, which it is supposed here as very generally follows the old copies), p. 429, “diety," and p. 434, "frustra," the evidently right readings which I conjecture, dietry and frusta, are not mistakes, but simply clerical errors. Similarly in Dyce's Middleton several evidently right readings are recalled by Dyce, which ensue merely from the rectification of this confusion of the two letters; and, in several places where the four folios of Shakspeare differ, it is merely this confusion again. I could easily give instances, for I have collected many such, but think I have trespassed already quite enough on your valuable space, and your readers, once on the right track, can follow it out for themselves. ERATO HILLS.

OSTENSIS (5th S. vii. 248, 393.)—This is a misspelling. The word, no doubt, is Ostiensis, and the province indicated is that which is so named from Ostia, the well-known seaport at the mouth of the Tiber. Hereman, as your correspondent might have seen, for it is clearly so expressed, was bishop of the province of Ostia, Kalensi being his surname, most likely adopted from the place of his birth. Where it was situated I cannot find. Waldreck, where the chapel was consecrated, was in Cassel, and evidently in the jurisdiction of Theodoric, Archbishop of Treves. It would have been schismatical in Hereman to have discharged any episcopal function in another man's diocese without that man's permission, and therefore it is said that this consecration was performed by him "auctoritate dni. Theoderici Trevere, archiepi."

EDMUND TEW, M.A.

SARAWAK (5th S. vii. 389.)-No official report of this country has been published by our Government of late years. The Oriental Magazine of 1875 contained an account taken chiefly from the Sarawak Gazette. This was reprinted by the present Raja. The progress of the country since the death of Sir James Brooke has, I believe, been entirely satisfactory to such as desire for it a healthy development from within rather than a mere external show of Western civilization. G. L. JACOB.

12, Queensborough Terrace, W. [If ANON. will send his address to MISS JACOB she will gladly forward a copy.]

SEAL OF THE CHAPTER OF JEDBURGH ABBEY

(5th S. vii. 368, 477.)-Might not the missing word be "Deipara"?

G. S.

MISS BOWES (5th S. vii. 47, 238, 299, 418.)—If F. B. is collecting notes on the Bowes family (of Elford, co. Stafford) generally, he may like to refer to North's Church Bells of Leicestershire, p. 191, where some information is given about Jane Bowes; a second lady of that name was the donor of a bell to the parish of Humberstone in 1673. MARTYN.

BARRY E. O'MEARA (5th S. vii. 409.)-In reference to his writings there is a note in Allibone of some interest. It refers to

"another journal kept by O'Meara at St. Helena, and left by him to his friend Mr. Mailliard, now of Bordentown, New Jersey, late private secretary to Joseph Buonaparte. This MS. contains much valuable matter still unknown to the world, and calculated to deeply interest all students of political history." Seven years have elapsed since this was written. Has the MS. diary been published? O'Meara's effects were sold on the 18th and 19th of July, 1836. Amongst these it is not improbable that there was a portrait. EDWARD SOLLY.

I possess a book by this person which does not seem to be included in the list furnished by MR. COOKE. Its title is :

"An Exposition of some of the Transactions that have taken place at St. Helena since the Appointment of Sir Hudson Lowe as Governor of that Island, in answer to an Anonymous Pamphlet entitled Facts illustrative of the Treatment of Napoleon Bonaparte,' &c. Corroborated by various Official Documents, Correspondence, &c. By Barry E. O'Meara, late Surgeon to Napoleon.... London, printed for Jas. Ridgway, Piccadilly, MDCCCXIX.” Svo. pp. 215.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

CORNELIUS JONSON VAN CEULEN (5th S. vii. 94, 133.) The name and signature, as given in the notice of the pictures in the Musée of Amsterdam, is "J. Janson, f. 1765." J. R.

POPULAR NAMES OF FOSSILS (5th S. vi. 426; vii. 15, 56, 116, 252, 378.)-"St. Cuthbert's beads" are not "vertebræ," but joints in the stems of Encrinites. They are no longer "very common in the sands of Holy Island," but may be found imbedded in their limestone matrix in the rocks. The same formations are often seen in section on the polished faces of chimney-pieces made of "encrinitic limestone." The Encrinites were animals with long moniliform stems bearing five Briarean arms. The "beads" are said to have been actually strung and used for rosaries. They would be very convenient for the purpose, and it seems likely enough that they would be so used in the Middle Ages, and that hence came the notion of St. Cuthbert's making them as helps to the devotions of his people.

Hatfield Hall, Durham.

J. T. F.

THE GREAT WATERFALLS OF THE WORLD (5th S. vii. 88.)-In the district of North Canara, on the west coast of India, about thirty miles inland, is the Fall of Yarsassa, certainly one of the finest in the world; it is best seen when the river is only partly filled, when viewed from below. The Rajah Fall, a sheer fall of 800 feet, occupies the left-hand corner; this is joined, half way down, by the Roarer Fall, a cataract, a rise in the rock in

the bed of the river separating the stream above. A promontory divides these from the Dame Blanche and Rocket Falls, which, from the slaty form of the face of the precipice, are distributed, like a thin veil, over the surface. The overflowings of the Rocket Fall, bursting in the velocity of their descent into thin mist, give this the name by which it is designated. Should the spectator be below, facing the fall, that is, looking eastwards, when the sun passes the meridian, the bow will and framing, as it were, more and more of the form between him and the fall, gradually rising picture. There is another fall which I have not seen in the same district, said to be still finer; it is commonly known as the Lushington Fall. J. R.

"MINNIS (5th S. vii. 328, 374, 418.)-MR. SKEAT is right in connecting this word with the W. mynydd, but he has not explained the full significance of the word. It is a peculiarity of the Cornish language that in the final letter of a word (the auslaut of the Germ. philologists), where we find in W. -dd, which represents an older -d, the Cornish has -s. Thus Cornish gwyls is equal to W. gwyllt, mols to mollt, tus to tud, &c. Now Giraldus Cambrensis, in speaking of the Welsh and Cornish languages, tells us that the language of the southern Britons resembled the latter more than the former, and "there are plausible reasons," says the late Mr. Garnett (Essays, p. 152), "for believing that idea to be well founded." The word minnis has an historical meaning. It shows, as other words also show, that the Loegrians, who inhabited the southern and midland parts of England, though allied to the Welsh, were a distinct race, and this is in accordance with the Welsh traditions, as expressed in the historical triads.

Belsize Square.

J. D.

Forty years ago I used to shoot snipe in "Worth" or "Word Minnis." It is in Kent, "next Sandwich." The parish of Worth was then with Eastry. The ecclesiastically connected minnis is a large tract perfectly flat, about four miles from the sea, the entire distance being a dead level to the sandhills raised by the wind immediately on the sea edge. There at least there could be no possible connexion with "mynydd, mountain." HERBERT RANDOLPH.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vii. 450, 479.)—

"Oh! what avails to understand?" This line should be-

"What profits now to understand?" It is included in a reprint of some minor pieces of the Laureate, which was carefully suppressed, but of which matter. I possess a copy, deprived of the title-page and prefatory

J. K.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Notices of the Historic Persons buried in the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. With an Account of the Discovery of the supposed Remains of Queen Anne Boleyn. By Doyne C. Bell, F.S.A. With Illustrations. (Murray.)

THIS handsome and interesting volume by the Secretary to Her Majesty's Privy Purse contains a history of the ancient chapel in the Tower, an account of the restorations, and of discoveries attendant thereupon, with a record of the monuments, extracts from the burial register, and a narrative not only of the burials within the edifice, but of nearly three dozen historical personages connected with the locality, from Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, ob. 1534, to Simon Fraser of Lovat, ob. 1747. Mr. Doyne Bell and his fellow-explorers were unable to find any remains of Katherine Howard, but those of a young woman and of a man were found where Anne Boleyn and her brother George Rochford were supposed to be buried. The bones of the female had been disturbed, and were rather heaped together since the body was buried in an old elm chest. The vertebræ were small, especially the atlas, next the skull, bearing witness to the queen's "lyttel necke." The skeleton appeared as if it had lain three centuries in the earth, and the bones, disturbed as they may have been a hundred years ago, seem to have been rearranged with some care and respect. These bones and those of other historical personages now lie under a common covering of concrete. Mr. Doyne Bell's book is excellently illustrated, and it is written in a spirit that should make the Society of Antiquaries proud of their new Fellow. Some Articles on the Depreciation of Silver, and on Topics connected with It. By the late Walter Bagehot. (King & Co.)

THESE reprints from the Economist, of which Mr. Bagehot was so long the able and clear-seeing editor, are here gathered into a volume, and should be welcomed by a public who have interest in the money question generally; and that is a very large public indeed. River Terraces: Letters on Geological and other Subjects. By Col. George Greenwood. (Longmans.) THE late Col. Greenwood's name is quite sufficient warrant for the excellence of this book, edited by his nephew. The editor expresses surprise that Prof. Tyndall, at a lecture recently delivered at the Royal Institution, should assign the formation of river terraces to the Glacial Period, whereas "new and old terraces may be seen now in every stage of development and decay." Mr. Greenwood, in reference to his uncle's theory that a lake can have only one natural outlet, notices Mr. Stanley's account of Lake Tanganika as having no outlet, yet possessing "affluents and effluents."

Falstaff's Letters, by Lamb's friend, Jem White, should be secured by all who have Lamb's works, and by all who have not. Mr. Robson (Cranbourn Street) has had a happy thought in reprinting these exquisite sallies of wit and quaint humour. The letters were first printed when young Ireland tried to persuade the public that his Vortigern was written by Shakspeare! They reappear at a time when a few people "up in a balloon" are inclined, or think they are inclined, to believe that Shakspeare's plays were from the pen of Lord Bacon! If so, White's Falstaff's Letters may be by Sir John. The one is quite as probable as the other.

IN Mr. Charles Pooley's Historical and Descriptive Account of the Old Stone Crosses of Somerset, Messrs. Longmans have published one of the most attractive and

picturesque books of the season. It is profusely illustrated, has an admirable map, and is in every respect honourable to the zealous and industrious author.

MESSRS. MACMILLAN have recently issued a Selection from the Lyrical Poems of Robert Herrick, arranged, with Notes, by F. Turner Palgrave. It is a book adapted for being road by the young; and the adaptation-by no means an easy thing to accomplish, for Catullus, Martial, Propertius, and others find, or seem to find, echoes in a good deal of what Herrick wrote-is most successfully effected. In a word, this version of a portion of Herrick is charming.

A THIRD edition of Lord Albemarle's Fifty Years of My Life has just been published by Messrs. Macmillan. Very much new matter of great interest has been added to the book throughout. We may especially mention that there are several new letters from the Princess Charlotte printed here for the first time. The family history of the Keppels, which occupied half the first volume in the earlier editions, has now been very properly omitted, as not being of such interest to the general public as Lord Albemarle's recollections.

OLD LONDON. -In Maitland's History of London there is a record of a deed of gift from Edward II. to Margaret, wife of Pierre de Gaveston, of Queenhithe, of a rent charge to his (the king's) tollage of wheat at Queenhithe. A portion of the tomb of this lady has been discovered in the foundation wall of the old church at Queenhithe, near the site of the proposed new rectory. The inscription is in old Norman French, and the good lady in it asks the prayers of all Christians. The brass letters are very curious.-City Press.

Notices to Correspondents.

ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

OUR CORRESPONDENTS will, we trust, excuse our suggesting to them, both for their sakes as well as our own

That they should write clearly and distinctly-and on one side of the paper only-more especially proper names and words and phrases of which an explanation may be required. We cannot undertake to puzzle out what a Correspondent does not think worth the trouble of writing plainly.

DOUBLE X.-The question as to the gender of carrosse, before Louis XIV., has often been discussed. It is frequently said that he altered it, whereas he only fixed what was before uncertain. The following is from George Sand's Les Beaux Messieurs de Bois-Doré (vol. i. c. viii.): "On vint annoncer que la carroche de M. le Marquis était prête. Chacun sait qu'avant Louis XIV., lequel en personne en ordonna autrement, carrosse était souvent des deux genres, et le plus souvent féminin, d'après l'italien carrozza."

V. GIBBS.Declined with thanks.
W. G. B.-Letter forwarded.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 30, 1877.

CONTENTS. - N° 183. NOTES:-The Bells of St. Dionis Backchurch, London, 501Forename and Surname Books, 502-Shakspeariana, 503The "Legend of the Crossbill," 504-Swedish Emendated Edition of Horace-Henry Hennell, 505-The Papal Tiara York in the Talmud-Suwarrow's "Discourse under the Trigger"-Curious Inscription-Brod, 506. QUERIES:-Pedigree of Briggs Family-Caraccioli, 1799A Governor of Malines or Mechlin in 1612-Cricklade Church -Peacocks' Feathers-J. Callot-Baptizing Slaves-Nuns of Sion-Style and Title-H. Ellison, 50s-Countess of Derwentwater - The Duke of Suffolk's Head-"The Fairy Queen "-Authors Wanted, &c., 509.

REPLIES:-Scott Family: the Parentage of Archbishop Rotherham, 509-The Title of "Esquire," 511-"Infants in hell but a span long," 512-Camels in Egypt, 513-"Nine Holes"-Isolda : Gladys-"Travail":"Travel," 514-W. Hogarth-Curious Names-Human Body found in a Glacier -Heraldic Book-plates-Lavender-“To-year"-Arms borne by Ladies, 515-Premonstratensian Abbeys-Howell's Letters -Vow of King Charles I.-Miss Martineau's Essays-The Oldest Provincial Circulating Libraries - Freemasons and Bektashgees, 516-C. Stuart-Old Irish Coins-Beating the Bounds, 517-Oval Frames-"Twitten "-What is Death? 518-Ro. Willan's Sermons-"Madame Pompadour and the

Courtiers "-Shakspeare and his Family-" Mother-in-law" -Heraldic Query: Tullibardine-Authors Wanted, 519. Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

THE BELLS OF ST. DIONIS BACKCHURCH, LONDON.

The following particulars respecting the bells of St. Dionis Backchurch, Fenchurch Street, are extracted from the parochial records.

On the rebuilding of the parish church, after the great fire of London, it is recorded, in 1674, that Mr. Robert Williams gave 25l. for the treble bell, and that payment of 50l. 5s. was made to Mr. James Bartlett, bell founder, and 10l. to Mr. Allen, bell hanger, in the same year. Other entries of payments in connexion with bells follow in succeeding years, and by 1685-1686 the parish was in possession of a peal of six bells, with a clock and dial, the aforesaid Mr. James Bartlett being the bell founder, Mr. Joseph Gadsdon the bell hanger, and Mr. John Wise the clockmaker. The cost was defrayed by a voluntary subscription from Sir Robert Jeffery, Knt. (some time lord mayor), Capt. Samuel Hankey, and other parishioners, the parish property in Lime Street being also mortgaged for the purpose by Dr. Gatford, the rector, and the churchwardens under an order of vestry.

In 1726, after a survey, it was found that the bells were much out of order. Accordingly at a vestry held Aug. 28, 1726, the alternative of repairing the existing bells at an estimate of 1101. and upwards, or of exchanging the same for eight

new tunable and musical bells, for a sum not exceeding 250l., was fully considered. The question was put,

"Whether the present set of six bells, with the old frames and appurtenances, should be exchanged, and eight new bells, with complete new frames and all appurtenances, be put up in their room," and it passed in the affirmative.

"And the honour and generosity of this parish having been fully experienced in subscriptions to the organ, it was thought the most proper and ready way to raise the said sum of 250l. by kind and voluntary contributions of the several gentlemen and persons who are parishioners and inhabitants of this parish. And therefore the churchwarden was desired, with such gentlemen as would be so kind as to attend him, to wait upon the several parishioners and inhabitants of this parish with a subscription paper for the purposes aforesaid."

At a vestry meeting held Sept. 5, 1726, the churchwardens reported the success of the subscription among the inhabitants of the parish towards the bells: "Several of them had thought proper to subscribe towards the same in the most generous and handsome manner." The estimate and contract with Mr. Richard Phelps, of Whitechapel, bell founder, were agreed to and approved.

"Then the churchwardens further reported to the vestry that the chief reason that several gentlemen had subscribed so handsomely to the bells was because they expected to have chimes to the bells. And upon full consideration had of that matter, and an estimate of the charge being submitted to the vestry, the question was put whether the churchwardens should be empowered to treat with Mr. Bradley, or such other person or persons as they should think proper, about a complete set of chimes to the eight bells, to be done in the agreed to by the vestry nemine contradicente. And the best and most handsome manner, which was likewise churchwardens were desired to continue their subscription for that purpose, and what was deficient the vestry agreed to make good in the most effectual manner." The subscription appears to have reached the sum of 4791. 188., and the names of Dr. Joseph Smith, rector, and of three members of the Hankey family, appear among the list of contributors.

Articles of agreement between the churchwardens, Messrs. James Hebert and Charles Ball, and Mr. Richard Phelps, bell founder, for a set of eight new bells, in exchange for the old, were signed Sept. 5, 1726; and there is an endorsement on the deed by which the latter acknowledges to have received, Nov. 3, 1727, of the churchwardens, 3591. 11s. 6d., "being in full payment for eight bells & frames, &c., within mentioned, & also for two other bells & frames, & making a new floor for the clock & chimes, & all accounts & demands whatever." A certificate, signed Oct. 17, 1727, by fifteen persons, is appended, that, "having rung the ten new bells," they were of opinion that "the said ten bells are musical and tunable, and the said bells and the whole frames, and all the other work belonging or relating thereto, are cast, set up, and completed in a workmanlike manner."