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The Numismatic Society issues a quarterly publication, entitled the Numismatic Chronicle. One of the best works on British, or rather English, coins I should consider to be Mr. Henfrey's work. G. PERRATT.

Ackerman's Introduction to Coins.

J. D. COSIES (5th S. vi. 467.)-The "cosy" is intended to keep coffee hot, and was used in Germany certainly in the last century. I am almost sure Lessing alludes to it, but I cannot find the place. The cosy for tea is a barbarism and an abomination, and means black, bitter, bad tea. A. H. CHRISTIE.

I have seen a cosy precisely as mentioned by J. C. J., brought from China. Ὁ βαδιστής.

"WICKS" OF THE MOUTH (5th S. vi. 229, 271, 333, 417.)-In Lincolnshire shepherds and others, speaking of the corners of a dog's mouth, always call them the "wykens." JOHN CORDEAUX. "IMPLEMENT" (5th S. vi. 287, 412.)-Perhaps the words may be read, "Ac tot' ill' lib'tat' vocat' vel Nuncupat' p Nomen de Implement," and translated, "And all that liberty called or known by the name of Implement." If there be a liberty of that name in the county, it would probably, like other liberties, have a coroner of its own.

W. B.

HANGING RAGS ON TREES AT WELLS (5th S. vi. 185, 424.)—Though now viewed in the light of votive offerings, may not the custom have had a different origin, as indicated in the following quotation from the Travels of Mungo Park?—

"We continued our journey without stopping any more until noon, when we came to a large tree called by the natives Neena Taba. It had a singular appearance, being decorated with innumerable rags or scraps of cloth, which persons travelling across the wilderness had at different times tied to the branches; probably at first to inform the traveller that water was to be found near it; but the custom has been so sanctioned by time that nobody now presumes to pass without hanging up something. I followed the example, and suspended a handsome piece of cloth on one of the boughs, and, being told that either a well or pool of water was at no great distance, I ordered the negroes to unload the asses."

C. E. There is a spring at Holy Well Dale, near Winterton, in North Lincolnshire, formerly celebrated for healing properties, and the bushes around used to be hung with rags in the same way as at Great Cotes.

Hatfield Hall, Durham.

J. T. F.

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ANGUS EARLS (5th S. vi. 206, 334, 459.)—I think that R. C. W. is scarcely correct in citing the title of Craven as one where the "of" is not used, as it is quite as much a territorial title as that of the Earl of Derby. The gallant Sir William Craven was created, by Charles I., Baron Craven in 1626, and in 1662, by Charles II., Viscount Craven of Uffington, and Earl of Craven in Yorkshire. The higher titles becoming extinct at the first Earl's death, the title was revived in 1801 in favour of William, the seventh Baron Craven, as Viscount Uffington and Earl of Craven. The Earl of Ashburnham is a similar example, though the name of the family and title are the same; Ashburnham, which gives the title to the family. but in this case there is a place in Sussex called

Huddersfield.

G. D. T.

ALL-FLOWER WATER (5th S. vi. 107, 313, 358.) -Some years ago I saw an instance of the use of this "production" (as mentioned by KINGSTON) by a Brahman, in the streets of Poona. But I am inclined to think the natural product was taken not so much medicinally as through reverence for the sacred source from which I observed the twiceborn catch it in outstretched palm. I remember mentioning the incident to my monshee, who seemed to think my astonishment the only curious circumstance in the case.

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DIALECT (5th S. vi. 105, 218, 395.)-The following passage, from an article on "Yorkshire" in the Cornhill Magazine (ix. 91), will prove interesting in connexion with this subject :

"One day two young lads were busy robbing an orchard: one was aloft in a damson plum tree, pulling the fruit at random and throwing them below to his comrade: the other at the foot was engaged in hot haste, stuffing them into his pockets, and from time to time hurriedly bolting one down his throat. Silence and exthe first had not much time to select which to gather, pedition being imperatively incumbent in the situation, the lad below inquired fearfully of the one above, Tom, nor the other which to put into his mouth. Suddenly has plummocks legs?' 'Nooa,' roared Tom. Then,' said Bill, with a manly despair, then I ha' swallowed a straddly-beck.' Now a straddly-beck is a frog, from straddle beck, a ditch or rivulet." J. BOOTH.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF "PUNCH AND JUDY" (3rd S. ii. 387, 476; 5th S. vi. 296, 333, 354.)—If under this head other puppet shows are entitled to mention, note should be made of two fine octavos published recently by N. Scheuring, of Lyons, France. Feu Séraphin is an account of the wellknown Parisian Théâtre de Séraphin, with two dozen or so of the plays of its repertory. Le Théâtre des Pupazzi is a selection from the kaleidoscopic and Aristophanic productions of M. Le

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CONSTANCE, ELDEST SISTER AND CO-HEIR OF LAST LORD MAULEY (5th S. vi. 28, 117, 197, 339.) -Although, as stated by A. S. A., the authorities differ regarding the children of the two marriages of Constance, there appears to be little doubt but that her first husband, William Fairfax, died without issue, and in the lifetime of his father (consult Fairfax pedigree, Herald and Genealogist, vol. vi. 386, corrected by vol. vii. 147). The fact that Richard Fairfax, the next brother of William, succeeded his father in the estate of Walton, and further, that Constance, by her will, bequeathed Mulgrave to her children by her second husband, Sir John Bigot, no mention being made of the Fairfaxes, seem conclusively to prove that she had no issue by her first marriage. It is therefore through the Bigots and their heirs general, the Radcliffes of Mulgrave, and not the Fairfaxes of Gilling, that we must trace the senior co-heirs to the barony of Mauley. The present Lord de Mauley is heir general only of the younger co-heir, and not heir male and heir general, as stated by A. S. A. The male line of George Salvaine and Elizabeth de Mauley failed about the middle of the last century. I shall be glad if some genealogical correspondent can inform me who now represents the Radcliffes of Mulgrave.

P.

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"Had my dull soul but wings as well as they,
How I would spring from earth and clip away,
As wise Astræa did, and scorn this ball of clay !'
Y. 13.

So in Dryden's Annus Mirabilis, stanza lxxxvi. : "Have you not seen, when, whistled from the fist,

Some falcon stoops at what her eye design'd, And, with her eagerness the quarry miss'd, Straight flies at check, and clips it down the wind?" A vessel designed for fast sailing is called a clipper," or is said to be "clipper built." I suppose that clip gets this sense in the following way to embrace, to squeeze, to pinch or nip,

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to cut the air or waves, to fly or sail quickly. We have the phrase "to cut and run," but this has probably a different origin.

A later example than any yet quoted of clip = embrace will be found in Cowper's Expostulation, 551"Yon fair sea that clips thy shores." T. LEWIS O. DAVIES. Pear Tree Vicarage, Southampton.

"TO CATCH A CRAB" (5th S. vi. 203, 272, 524; vii. 18.)-I am surprised that JABEZ is unable to see that it does not make the slightest difference to me, as far as my argument is concerned, what the precise meaning of "to catch a crab" is, so long as the occurrence is allowed to be unexpected, unpleasant, and ridiculous. Is JABEZ prepared to deny that these three terms are applicable to his mode of "catching a crab"? Sydenham Hill.

F. CHANCE.

"To catch a crab" is neither to catch the water nor to miss it, when the contrary course is aimed at. But it occurs when the oarsman feathers his oar at the end of his stroke under water, and, not being able in consequence to get his oar out of the water, he is said to have caught a crab; and the term arises from the idea that a crab has got hold of the oar. The " way" of the boat knocks the blundering oarsman backward. T. W. R.

ANTHEM IN THE MOZARABIC MISSAL (5th S. vi. 513.)-The Lenten "Communio" is as follows:"Repletum est gaudio os nostrum: et lingua nostra in exultatione"; i.. Ps. cxxvi. 2, "Then was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue with joy." A. C.

TRAITURE (5th S. iv. 363, 416, 496; v. 238, 497; VERSES ON THE INADEQUATE POWERS OF PORvi. 276, 370.)-I have, in an edition of Clarke's Martyrologie, 1652, a portrait of the author, under

which are the following lines :

"All that thou seest and readest is Divine;
Learning thus vs'd is water turn'd to wine.
Well may wee then despaire to draw his minde,
View heere the case; i' th' Bocke the Jewell finde."
WM. FREELove.
Bury St. Edmunds.

ROGER BRIERLEY (5th S. vi. 388, 517.)-There is a long note on him by Canon Raine in his edition of the Journal of Nicholas Assheton (Chetham Society, xiv. pp. 89-96), which contains as much information about him as can well be desired. Brierley was born at Marland, near Rochdale, and died in 1637 at Burnley. C. W. SUTTON.

THE STEPHENS AND HARTLEY NOSTRUMS (5th S. v. 511; vi. 29, 36, 117, 139, 177, 217, 540.)— With regard to the grant of 1,000l. to “Mr. Elkington for his mode of draining land," I have been informed by a practical farmer, now dead,

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WORDSWORTH'S ORIGINALITY (5th S. vi. 326, 439.) The selection of the passages by your correspondent B. R. from Breen's Modern English Literature, its Blemishes and Defects, seems incomplete without the three other quotations in pages 252, 253. After the happy and appropriate citation of the part-Sapphic from Horace, "Alme Sol," &c. (p. 253), the author observes, "Or, perhaps, from Bishop Hall's romance bearing the quaint title of Mundus alter et idem, or, more probable still, from this passage in Darwin's Botanic Garden:

"Till o'er the wreck, emerging from the storm,
Immortal nature lifts her changeful form;
Mounts from her funeral pyre on wings of flame,
And soars and shines another and the same."

The writer proceeds to remark (p. 253) that the
feather from the angel's wing "has been traced to
the following in a sonnet by Dorothy Berry :-
'Whose noble praise
Deserves a quill pluckt from an angel's wing.""
And in p. 252, on the sentiment-

"The child is father of the man,"

Edipus Tyrannus, or Swellfoot the Tyrant"; "Epipsychidion"; with "Miscellaneous Poems," including the celebrated lines "To a Skylark," and the perhaps finer though less celebrated lines "To a Cloud." With these the poet himself, and annotation on the part of the there is much interesting and elucidatory matter from editor, which shows the earnestness with which Mr. Forman is fulfilling his by no means easy part. The frontispiece is a beautifully executed etching by Mr. W. B. Scott of Guido's Beatrice Cenci-a face which is of itself predecessor; and if the two which are to follow be equal a tragedy to look at. The volume is quite worthy of its to the first two, the publishers will earn as much congratulation on the part of Shelley's world of admirers, as the editor will earn of praise for the way in which he Mr. Forman tells us that he is has executed his office.

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not aware if the original MS. of "The Cenci" is in exist-
ence. A great portion of that of the " Prometheus" is
in the possession of Sir Percy Shelley, the poet's son;
and other MSS. are, with relics even more precious, in the
Shelley room at Boscombe Manor. The Skylark" and
the "Cloud" were written fresh from nature,-indeed,
in companionship with nature. Thomson could describe
(from memory) his budding Spring, blooming Summer,
rich Autumn, and majestically cold Winter, in a dull
room at the back of a house near the Tower, or in a
lodging in Bond Street, and to read them is like looking
at a picture by a great master; but with Shelley we hear
the Skylark and we view the Cloud, and with good reason,.
for "they were written as his mind prompted, listening
to the carolling of the bird aloft in the azure sky of Italy,
or marking the cloud as it sped across the heavens, while

"Lloyd, in one of his epistles, has the same he floated in his boat." Mr. Forman describes the thought, when he says

'For men, in reason's sober eyes,
Are children but of larger size.'
WILLIAM PLATT.

Conservative Club.

་་

Edipus "-which was withdrawn under menace by the Society for the Suppression of Vice-as "an extraordinary piece of intellectual grotesque," which partly sprang from the contest of George IV. (Swellfoot) with Queen Caroline, and the memory of a chorus of pigs in. the fair of St. Giuliano. The original MS. seems to have + CLEMANT+TOSEAR (5th S. vi. 410; vii. 15.)— disappeared, as has that of the "Epipsychidion," which One of the bells of this church bore formerly this Shelley wrote for the esoteric few, and not for the general vulgar who were welcome to Swellfoot. The appendix inscription: "Clement Tosier cast me in the 12th to the Epipsychidion," with its details of the noble yere of Queen Anne's raine 1713." I have a bell-convent-immured lady, Emilia Viviani, to whom the metal skillet, having a long flat handle, inscribed poem was addressed, is as full of interest as the poem is "Clement Tosear++." T. W. W. S. of beauty. For the whole volume there is but one suitable word-superb! Cranborne.

“PARTY” (5th S. vi. 446, 496, 526.)—If MR. DORE will refer to "N. & Q.," 5th S. ii. 520, he will find many earlier instances of this use of the word, and references to earlier numbers of "N. & Q." where others are to be found.

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Tales of our Great Families. By Edward Walford, M.A. 2 vols. (Hurst & Blackett) THIS volume contains reprints of tales concerning nearly forty "great families," which have been collected from various periodicals in which they first appeared. They are all amusing, and include "Lord Lyttelton's Ghost," which Mr. Walford takes to be "among the many wellauthenticated tales of supernatural events." We thought AUTHORS AND QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vii. that this blundering story had been blown to atoms long 19.)

"Litera scripta manet."

W. F. R.

J. WINGFIELD, M. A., is in error when he attributes this to Horace. Mr. H. T. Riley (Dict. Lat. and Greek Quotations) says that the phrase is "probably a portion of a medieval pentameter."

Miscellaneous.

*

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Edited by
Harry Buxton Forman. Vol. II. (Reeves & Turner.)
THE second volume of this library edition of Shelley
contains "The Cenci"; "Prometheus Unbound"

ago.

Memorials of the Earl of Stirling and of the House of Alexander. By Rev. C. Rogers, LL.D. 2 vols. (Edinburgh, Paterson.)

DR. ROGERS has, in search of members of the house of Alexander, gone over the whole world except to Macedon. The details will interest genealogists; but the part of the book for the general reader is the account of the cause célèbre in which we have a full detail of the attempt of one of this very numerous family to get himself recognized as Earl of Stirling. This gentleman failed, as hedeserved to do.

MR. ELLIOT STOCK has accomplished a feat in his interesting fac-similes beyond which it will be hardly

to represent; and the uninitiated may see them over and over again without suspecting what they are meant for. The two circles, with a gutter, found on the poorer class of shrines at Chandeshwur, are undoubtedly intended to represent the same symbols that are found on the better class of shrines in the same enclosure. The incisions on the poorer class are what I may call a conventional rendering of the symbols; and the form adopted owes its origin in all probability to the circumstance that a "ground plan" of these symbols can be more conveniently carved than a "section."

A few days after my visit to Chandeshwur, I climbed to the summit of the Pandu Koli hill, some eight thousand feet above the sea-level, ten miles to the north-east. There I found a lingam shrine, composed of two circles of stones, with several monolith lings in the centre of the inner circle. The little shrine was open to the elements on all sides, save where it was partially sheltered by a wild guelder rose, to the branches of which votive offerings of shreds of cloth had been attached by many pilgrims. This ling temple seems, indeed, to be built in the shape of what I have called the conventional rendering of the symbols of this faith, in the same manner that a Christian church is built in the shape of the cross.

I have only time to scribble, in the great cold of these regions, the above brief notes. On my return to my head-quarters, at Ghazipur, I hope to be able to amplify these notes, and to send a paper with sketches to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. In the mean time I should be glad of any information bearing on the above subject.

H. RIVETT-CARNAC.

Camp in Kumaon (N. W. Provinces of India).

A LIBEL UPON PEPYS.

"P. H. Thou know'st, there is a general Discourse of a War with France; though we know, there cannot be bility of it, to all the Nation; for that they know not so any such thing However, there seems a great probamuch as we do.

H. True, Sir.

P. But H. Which way shall we go to work upon this,
to get an Order of Council, for an Imbargoe upon all
Ships?
H. O God, Sir, easily.
P. But how?

H. Sir, You know, that in any thing that you will propose to the Commissioners of the Navy for their Assistance, they will be ready to serve you; and you joyning together, may give Reasons to the Council; of the Necessity there 's for it.

P. The Commissioners of the Navy shall Dine with me to Morrow and then we 'll agree together, how we shall do it; and of our Reasons, for the Necessity of it. H. That's very well, Sir.

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Order for an Imbargoe.
P. H. we have been before- and have got their

H. And Gad, Sir I am very glad of it; for if it holds but two Months, we shall get six or seven Thousand Pounds by it.

P. But how, H.

whatsoever, to stir out, but what must come hither for a H. I 'le tell you, Sir; There is not one Ship or Coaster Permission and Protection; and must pay what Rates we please, from a Fisher-man, to the biggest Ship of all: And if there should be fitted out an Hundred Sail more during this Imbargoe, than usually is in any two Months, we can give them all Permissions and Protections: But they must pay for them."

After this they go on to devise many subtle schemes for levying black mail upon purserships and dockyard offices, and obtaining plunder out of the timber purchases. One of their devices is to "squeez out of the cripples" twelve pence annually for the renewal of their pension licences. This amounts to 300l. a year, and Pepys is so delighted at the prospect that he exclaims :-"Poor men ! who would think there were so much to be gotten out Pepys stands out so prominently as the one shall ever part us but death." "You see, Sir," of them? but it is very well, Dear H., nothing complete and altogether unique personality of the Restoration life that everything about him is more W. C. has got, and what my Lord Treasurer and says H., "what my Lord A. has got, and what Sir or less of interest. I have often thought that it others have got in a little time." "Thou sayst would add considerably to the value of the wonder-right, H.," rejoins Penys. "And what will the ful portrait which he has left of himself if his book were accompanied with a collection of the various notices and descriptions of him which occur in contemporary literature,-views, in fact, of Mr. Pepys ab extra.

One of these-a very spiteful one-occurs in a folio sheet in my possession, entitled Plain Truth; or, a Private Discourse betwixt P. and H., and affords a good illustration of the charges brought against the naval administration of the period, and of Pepys's office in particular. It is undated, but from the allusion to the expected war with France it was probably printed in 1666. H., I suppose, stands for Hewer, Pepys's chief clerk, who figures so much in the Diary.

The two are introduced taking counsel together to improve the occasion of the war rumours :

world say if we do not? That we are all fools: but we will give them no cause for't."

H. is the bolder spirit. P. hesitates :— "I like this all very well (H.) so that, I perceive, it is impossible, that ever I should be brought in question. H. Sir, Never fear it; I 'le keep you and my self, clear enough, let the World pry never so close into our busi

ness.

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LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 2?, 1877.

CONTENTS. - N° 160.

of

NOTES:-Archaic Sculpturings on Stones and Rocks in India, 41-A Libel upon Pepys, 42-"W" and "Y" and the Greek Digamma, 43-Shakspeariana, 44-The Folk-speech Flowers (Dorset), 45-" Theud "" Hospitium"-Watty Cox-Gray's "Elegy"-Lavater on Mr. Fox-"On Tick," 46. QUERIES:-Henrietta, Daughter of Charles I.-The Moravians-A Spanish Minister to England-"Run-rig "The Regicides-Testamentary Burials-Mews Gate-"Easter Ledges"-Sir T. Dishington, 47-"Nocturnal Remembrancer"-An Ancient Corporal-Abbreviated Words in Old Music-T. C. Sirr-"Westminster Abbey "-Meaux, Bart. -The Spalding Antiquarian Society-Indian Titles, 43"Peeress"-Gilbert White-Cambridge Authors-Authors | and Quotations Wanted, 49.

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Thus I found upwards of two hundred of the ordinary "cup marks," arranged in various permualso tations; cup marks" enclosed within circles, i.e. type 4, and circles with "gutters," and markings corresponding nearly exactly with figs. 1 and 15 of plate ii. of Sir J. Simpson's work already noticed.

REPLIES:-Spanish Legends: The Devil turned Preacher, 49 -Queen Mary's Journey to Fotheringay, 50-Bower Families, 51-Bonvyle Family-Macaulay and Croker, 52-Jewish Names-Caterpillars Poisonous-A Sign of Rain, 53–Vitri- The markings are undoubtedly old, and no local fied Coating of Walls-Rev. A. C. Schomberg-Robert Tay-tradition exists concerning them, beyond a vague lor-Nursery Rhymes, 51-Shakspeare and Lord BaconMr. Serres, Jun.-"Such as should be saved"-"Rame in

Essex "-"Inmate or undersettle," 55-The Title " Honour

able "The Christian Name Cecil-"Hen-Brass" Hen-
Silver "-The Gryphas incurva, 56-" Herb John "—
Maryland Point-Napoleon's Heart-Polygamy among Jews
and Christians-"The Martyr of Erromanga"-Barataria,
57-The Linley Family-"W" and "V"-Fen-Chess among
the Malays: Varangian, 20-The "Niebelungenlied ""In
Jesum cruci affixum"-" Clam" - Vessels propelled by

Horses on Board-Exempt-Signs of Satisfaction-Ancient
Biers and Palls, 59.
Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

ARCHAIC SCULPTURINGS ON STONES AND
ROCKS IN INDIA.

For those who take an interest in the subjects treated of by the late Sir James Simpson, in his Archaic Sculpturings, I subjoin a brief note of similar markings found by me on stones and rocks in different parts of India.

story that they must be the work of the "giants," who are supposed to have held rule in many parts or of the Goalee dynasty ("the shepherd kings "), of India before the advent of Aryan civilization.

In the yard of the Lingam temple of Chandeshwur, at the mouth of the gorge in which the rock bearing these markings is situated, I came upon some forty or fifty small shrines, surmounted by representations of the Lingam and Yoni. On the better class of shrine, the solid stone yoni, with cylindrical lingams of the well-known type, was to be found; but the greater number were marked by much rougher and poorer representations of the same symbols. On slabs split off from the adjacent rocks were carved two circles, with a "gutter" in the centre, the inner circle taking the place of the cylindrical ling, the outer circle that of the yoni. The outer was intersected by the "gutter," which is common to the symbols, large and small, and seems to be for the purpose of carrying off the libations of holy water, with which pilgrims and worshippers sprinkle their shrines profusely. These rough symbols bear a striking resemblance to the markings on the rock close by, and to many of the markings figured in Sir J. Simpson's plates.

I first came across the " cup markings," or Sir J. Simpson's "first type" (see plate i. of his work), on the boulders of the stone circles or barrows in the Nagpore country of the Central Provinces, or, in fact, on exactly the same class of remains as those on which similar markings are found in the north of England, Scotland, Ireland, and other It suggests itself, then, that the markings on parts of Europe. These barrows and their con- the monoliths and rocks in Europe may also be tents have often been described by writers on connected with lingam worship. I am aware that Indian antiquarian subjects, by the late Rev. Ste-Sir J. Simpson, at p. 93 of his work, dismisses phen Hislop, Colonel Meadows Taylor, and others; but the existence of the "cup marks" apparently escaped their notice. These markings were briefly described by me at a meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, held, I think, early in 1872. But I am now travelling among the Himalayas; and, as my baggage is necessarily confined to what can be carried on the backs of a limited number of

*Archaic Sculpturings of Cups. Circles, &c., upon Stones and Rocks in Scotland, England, and other Countries, by Sir J. Simpson, Bart., &c. Edinburgh, Edmonston & Douglas, 1867.

this idea as improbable. But the view taken by that eminent authority seems to have been chiefly founded on the absence of anatomical resemblance. I am sanguine that if Sir J. Simpson had lived to see sketches of the Chandeshwur markings, and of what I will call the conventional markings used in the temple close by to represent the lingam and yoni, he might, perhaps, have been inclined to modify that view. As a matter of fact, the stones which do duty for the lingam and yoni on an Indian shrine seldom bear more than the faintest anatomical resemblance to which they are intended

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