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greed, and treachery, into the wrong house in the midst of a "rout," must have been written about, and even, one would think, printed about, in contemporary letters, diaries, or newspapers. host, hostess, and guests of the “wrong house" would assuredly not have kept silence in such a case, but would have put in, actively enough, their little claim to notoriety by hooking themselves on to Wellington and Waterloo. Now, can any of the numerous contributors to, and readers of, "N. & Q." furnish me with a reference to MS. or print containing any mention of the intrusion of Haydon's misdirected Foreign Office messenger, armed with the news of the victory of Waterloo, into somebody's house in Portman Square?

H. F.

STYLE AND TITLE (5th S. iii. 308, 337; vi. 522.) -I have much pleasure in replying to MR. WOODWARD'S query. The recently deceased Dowager Countess Powis (d. of James, third Duke of Montrose) was for twenty years known as Lady Lucy Clive, while the wife of Viscount Clive.

I assume that neither MR. INNES nor MR. WOODWARD will object to instances of marquesses' daughters married to husbands of inferior rank, which make the case in point even stronger,-e.g., Lord Sandon's wife is called Lady Mary Sandon; the present Lady Tankerville was Lady Olivia Ossulston until the Earl succeeded to his father's title; Lady Marian Alford is the widow of Vis

count Alford.

If Lady Sydney Montagu, on marrying Lord Inverurie, were styled "Lady Inverurie," she would be dropping her superior rank; and if called "Lady Sydney Keith-Falconer," that would be her proper designation had she married the Earl of Kintore's younger son.

A woman never loses, and should not concede, her native precedence unless she becomes the wife of a peer.

I have shown that there are precedents, and therefore maintain that Lady Sydney Inverurie is rightfully so called. SIBBALD SCOTT.

MR. WOODWARD requests SIR S. SCOTT to give another instance in which a duke's daughter, marrying a commoner who, as eldest son of a peer, bears a courtesy title, has joined together her husband's title and her own Christian name. I can give him one of a marquis's daughter, which will suit for the purpose as well as a duke's. Lady Alice Hill, sister of the late Marquis of Downshire, married Thomas Taylour, styled by courtesy Lord Kenlis, only son of Thomas Taylour, by courtesy Earl of Bective, who was son of the Marquis of Headfort. Until the recent decease of his grandfather, when his father succeeded to the marquisate, and himself to the courtesy title of Earl of Bective, Lord Kenlis's wife was styled, and

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BIRDS NAMED IN DRAYTON'S "POLYOLBION

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(5th S. vi. 513.)-Of those about which MR. PICKFORD inquires, the red-sparrow is evidently but a misprint for reed-sparrow, everywhere now the commonest name of what naturalists call the reedbunting; the nope is the bullfinch, a name still also in use; the yellow-pate can hardly be anything else than the yellow-hammer, or yellowbunting, though I confess I am unable to see how the poet's characteristics of it are applicable; the tydy is doubtless the wren, occasionally called tidley"; and the hecco is certainly the green ALFRED NEWTON. woodpecker.

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Athenæum.

The following extracts from my forthcoming Glossary of Corrupted Words will answer two, at least, of MR. PICKFORD'S queries:

The hecco is the woodpecker-a name probably derived from its characteristic habit of pecking old timber in search of insects, as if the hacker (Picard héquer, to hew wood). Compare its German name baumhacker, and nut-hatch=nut-hacker. Florio explains the Italian picchio as a knocke, a pecke, a clap, a iob, a snap, a thumpe or great stroke. Also, a bird called a wood-hacker, a wood-wall, a woodpecker, a tree iobber, a hickway, a jobber, a spight, a snapper." So Lat. picus is perhaps originally "the pecker." Synonymous in other languages are Dan. træ-pikker, Swed. vedknar, Welsh cnocell-y-coed, Gk. druokoláptes.

Hecco is found in the following corrupted forms: -Hick-way (Cotgrave, Florio), hick-wall, highwhele, hickol, hickle, heighaw (Picard huyav), heyhoe, huhole (Florio), and hew-hole.

Nope is a bullfinch, and is evidently a coales

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The yellow-pate, probably the yellow-hammer, here, on the Borders, is called yite, yellow yite, and yellow yorlin. The only other bird that we have likely to get the name is the gold-crest. The "laughing hecco" will, I think, be the green woodpecker. Its note is designated a laugh, and the way I have heard a gamekeeper from the South pronounce one of its many local names (ecle) sounded very like hecco; or it may be the same as a very old name for this bird, "high-hoe" (Willoughby's Ornithology, p. 135).

Kelso.

*

A. B.

MISSING ANCIENT HINDU GRANT BY RÁJA KARNA (5th S. vi. 187, 290, 351.)-The Pándava branch of the Chandra-vansi dynasty was founded by, and is called after, Rája Pándu; and the Hindú Sáka, or era, Kali Yuga commences with the accession of Yúdishthira, the eldest of his five reputed sons, to the throne at Hastiná-púrt on the Tunga-Bhadra river, seventy miles north-east from its junction at Harihara with the Haridra, according to the Mahábhárata,

"The stately capital that from the elephant
Derives its name,"

era; but, as the Gauja Agrahara grant is dated at the solar eclipse of Sunday, April 7, 1521, in the 111th year of the Sáka Yúdishthira, it follows that the era Yúdishthira, styled Kali Yuga, must have commenced in A.D. 1410, or 4,420 years subsequent to the period assigned to it by popular tradition.

The Gauja Agrahara grant was made by the reigning Raja of Hastiná-púr, Janamé-Jáya, the son of Parikshita, and great-grandson of Yúdishthira of the Sáka, in presence of the idol in the great temple at Harihara, on the occasion of a public sacrifice made to Agni, fire, attended by 32,000 inhabitants from the adjoining villages, at which his captive prisoners, according to the Mahábhárata* and the Puránas generally, were burnt to death in incredible numbers with the most atrocious cruelty. A minute detail of the boundaries of the Gauja Agrahára estate is given in the deed of conveyance, which is engraved on Sunday, April 7, 1521, when the eclipse observed plates of copper. It was made about eleven o'clock, at Ulm was also recorded; and the grant, as well families to whom it was made for a period of 350 as the lands, having now been in possession of the years, its chronological value cannot possibly be set aside by denouncing it to have been a forgery. Andhaka, the blind, on account of his shortYúdishthirat was called Andhra, Andla, and sightedness, and the Andhras of Magadha were probably his descendants, or those of his cousin, Jarasandha. Will W. E., who has himself so great a knowledge of the subject, under the above circumstances, kindly explain when and how the grant and lands could have come into the possession of their present owners, if the historical reality of Janamé-Jaya is not allowed; and a deed of gift, attested in every way that was possible to make it legal and durable, set aside as being a worthless forgery, or, what is equally improbable, a mendacious fiction?

Starcross, near Exeter.

R. R. W. ELLIS.

REV. R. S. HAWKER, OF MORWENSTOW (5th S. v. 403, 441, 479, 524; vi. 42.)-My friend MR. Nag-notes on the late gifted but eccentric Vicar of J. E. BAILEY, in the course of his interesting Morwenstow, in referring to the appearance of

as given in the various names, Hastiná-púr, akhya, Gaja-khyám, Gaja-sawaya, and Ana-gunde, by which it is spoken of t

The Sáka Yúdishthira, or fabulous period called Kali Yuga, commences with his accession to the Gaddi at Hastiná-púr-an all important event in Hindú chronology, said to have taken place at the vernal equinox, 3,102 years before the Christian

* Prinsep's Useful Tables, p. 40; Buchanan's Southern India, vol. iii. p. 110.

"Passage of Arms at Hastiná-púr," by Prof. H. H. Wilson, Quarterly Oriental Magazine, 1825, vol. iii. p. 137; Dr. R. Rost, India Office Library; Journal of Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1873, by Prof. Rám Krishna Gopál, Bhandákar, M.A., vol. x. p. 81.

"Sir Beville" in a certain collection of ballads under a different title, and with the statement that the MS. had been found in "an old oak chest " at an ancient hall, remarks that “the vicar, who loved a joke, was perhaps at the bottom of this affair." This is very unlikely, as I recollect sending him a review in which his disguised ballad

* Astika, called also Sarpa Satru Parva, Fragmens du Mahábhárata, traduits par Th. Pavie, Paris, 1844, p. 33, 165.

+ Raj Táringini, translated by Shea and Troyer, vol. ii. p. 38, India Office Library.

was quoted with commendation, and his next letter contained some vigorous lamentations as to the wrong thus inflicted upon him. Mr. Hawker himself assured me of the rarity of the little volume entitled Records of the Western Shore. The spirited ballad "Annot of Benallay " is reprinted in the eighth volume of the Reliquary, with some commentary by the undersigned. Some additions were made in a notice of Cornish Ballads (1869) which appeared in the same periodical. A singular fact which has escaped MR. BAILEY is that "Genovava" appeared in a part of Burns's Fireside Library, entitled German Ballads, Songs, &c., comprising translations from Schiller, Uhland, Bürger, Goethe, Körner, Becker, Fouqué, Chamisso, &c., London, James Burns, n.d., 12mo. The poem will be found at p. 161, and has pended to it the well-known initials R. S. H. What is the literary history of this volume? In addition to the translations, which are vigorous and good, it includes several original poems. The contributors are H. T., S. M., R. I. W., G. F. Richardson, F. E. S., and R. S. H. Can they now

be identified?

WILLIAM E. A. AXON.

Bank Cottage, Barton-on-Irwell.

bed-chamber with a person in bed, and a boy drawing back a curtain, with this speech proceeding from his mouth, "Sire, souvenes vous, que vous estes homme." Underneath the print contains these words :

"Philipe Roy de Macedoine, commande a un de ses pages, de l'eveiller tous les Matins et luy dire, Sire, souvenes vous, que vous estes homme." The engraving is marked "C. Galle f.," "N. V. Horst i.," both artists who flourished in the former half of the seventeenth century. A. B. MIDDLETON.

The Close, Salisbury.

HENRY INGLES (5th S. vi. 490.)-In Graduati Cantabrigienses this reverend gentleman appears ap-decessors at Rugby, he never proceeded to the only as M.A. Possibly, like some of his predegree of D.D.

"ADVERSITY NEEDS NOT," &c. (5th S. vi. 429.) -This is, of course, the story of Philip of Macedon and his page, the latter being enjoined the duty of reminding his master on awaking that he was "but a man." In that ghastly book, The Mirror which Flatters Not, by P. de la Serres, translated by T. Cary, and printed in 1638, the incident will be found both morally enforced and pictorially represented, in company with such congenial mementoes as the victorious Saladin being kept in check by his standard of a shirt, displayed as an emblem that this would be all he would carry to the grave, while Adrian's ambition is controlled by a like reminder of his mortality in a coffin in the van of his triumphant processions; and lastly, Diogenes exhibiting to Alexander a pile of skulls to intimate that there was no distinction in the grave, the whole headed by a frontispiece of a skeleton regally robed and surrounded by his emblems of mortality. These engravings were also used for Woodward's Fair Warnings to a Careless World.

J. O.

The story alluded to is this ::"Philippus, postquam apud Charoneam Atheniensium profligavit opes, adeo ex nimia felicitate efferri cœpit, ut se hominem fortunæ malis obnoxium esse non cogitaret amplius. Verum cum intelligeret, quid mali ex tanta superbia sibi immineret, ex aulicis pueris uni id muneris injunxit, ut ad solis exortum in suum cubiculum ingressus inclamaret: Rex memineris te non deum sed hominem esse, multis fragilitatibus. ærumnis ac malis obnoxium et expositum."-Coelius Rhodig. Lib. xix. cap. 33, Lectionum Antiquarum, ap. Lang. Polyanth. Noviss. v. "Hominis."

ED. MARSHALL.

I have a curious old engraving representing a

In the second edition of the

Rugby registers (as also in Gent. Mag., 1809), it is true, this degree is bestowed on him, but in the earlier and fuller edition it is conspicuous by its absence. A chapter on the roll of head-masters is a desideratum which The Book of Rugby School (1856) made no attempt to supply. It may be hoped that, in connexion with the list of masters which will be prefixed to the annotated edition of the school registers, now contemplated, such information as is here sought for will be fully and accurately put on record. RUGBEIAN.

New Univ. Club.

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"N. & Q.," 1st S. vi. 390, 541.]

[See SHAKSPEARE And the Bible (5th S. vi. 509.)— MR. WATSON doubtless will be glad to learn (if he is not acquainted with the book) that a work on curious parallel passages-"Shakspeare and the Bible". -was published in the year 1843 by Messrs. Calkin & Budd, of London, entitled :

Works of Shakspeare, compared with Sacred Passages "Religious and Moral Sentences, culled from the drawn from Holy Writ: being a Selection of Religious Sentiments and Moral Precepts blended in the Dramatic Works of our Immortal Bard."

The work to my mind is very carefully done, and is very curious in its way. It is a work I often consult with profit and pleasure.

WILLIAM TEGG.

LOCHLEVEN CASTLE AND ITS KEYS (4th S. xii. 516; 5th S. i. 254, 300; vi. 473.)—It may be noted that there is preserved at Blair-Adam

House, in Kinross-shire (within sight of Lochleven), a large and very antique key, which was presented by Sir Walter Scott to the late Rt. Hon. Lord Chief Commissioner Adam as one of the ancient keys of the castle recovered from the lake.

CLEF.

OLD COLLECT FOR CHRISTMAS DAY (5th S. vi. 513.) The old Collect stood in 1549 as follows:"God, which makest us glad with the yerely remembrance of the birth of thy onely sonne Jesus Christ: graunt that as we joyfully receive him for our redemer, so we may with sure confidence beholde hym when he shall come to be our judge, who liveth and reigneth," &c. I copy from Pickering's 4to. reprint, which may, I believe, be depended on. Canon Bright's version is as nearly as possible literal. Of course, remembrance" replaced "expectation in 1549, because this "first communion" was for Christmas Day, instead of for the Eve as in the Sarum Missal, from which the Collect was translated for the English Church. A. C.

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JOHN BINGHAM (5th S. vi. 427.)-The monument to "John Bingham, Esquire, Sadler to Queene Elizabeth and King James," still exists in the great church of St. Saviour at Southwark. It is a handsome mural monument on the west wall of the north transept, opposite to the recumbent effigy of the poet Gower. It affords an early instance of the application of the title "esquire" to a person in trade, and in retail trade. A. J. M.

ST. NATHALAN (Eth S. vi. 428.)—

"By his means Scotland was preserved from the Pelagian heresy. He was one of the apostles of that country, and died in A.D. 452. He resided at Tullicht, now in dioc. Aberdeen, and built the churches of Tullicht Bothelim and of the Hill; in the former of these he was buried, and it long continued famous for miracles wrought by his relics."

For further details see Alban Butler's Lives of the
Saints, under January 8.
T. F. R.

St. Nathalan was Bishop of Aberdeen. He resided at Tullicht, in the diocese of Aberdeen, and died in the year 452. See The Aberdeen Breviary.

C. J. E. PROCLAIMING AN EARL'S TITLES AT THE ALTAR (5th S. vi. 447.)-I am inclined to think the last three words contain an unfounded assumption.

A. R.'s newspaper paragraph does not say the titles were proclaimed at the altar, though the coronet was offered there. The ceremony was probably nothing more than the ordinary proclamation of a peer's titles over the grave, and the offering of the coronet was most likely merely of a private nature. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. Bexhill.

At the funeral of Edward Stanley, fifth Earl of Derby, who died in 1558 :—

"On Saturday before the funeral the body was brought into the chapel....On Thursday, in the morning, before the sermon, Henry, then E. of Derby, his son and successor, being present, with the esquires and gentlemen, his attendants, and the three chief officers of his house, viz., his steward, treasurer, and comptroller, standing about the body with white staves in their hands, Clarenthis thanksgiving and style of the defunct, in form folcieux King-of-Arms, with his rich coat on, published lowing:-All honour, laud, and praise to Almighty God, who through his divine goodness hath taken out of this transitory world, to his eternal joy and bliss, the Right Honourable Edward, Earl of Derby, Lord Stanley and Strange, and Lord of Man and the Isles, Chamberlain of Chester, one of the Lords of her Majesty's most honournoble Order of the Garter.'"-History of the Noble able Privy Council, and Knight Companion of the most House of Stanley, Manchester, 1840, 24mo., p. 105. HIRONDELLE.

I remember to have seen it stated, but cannot now refer to any authority, that this custom was observed on the occasion of the interment, in Durham Cathedral, of that excellent prelate, Bishop Van Mildert, the last of the Counts Palatine, one of whose titles was Earl of Sedberge.

E. H. A.

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9528, b.), 8vo. undated, but with the year 1810 suggested in the catalogue with a query. This is called the fourth edition on the title-page. In a particular passage where I have compared them both, these differ materially from the text of the first edition. What I wish to know is whether these modern editions have been printed from another copy of Carter's manuscript, or whether, as I strongly suspect, the text has been altered for the sake of making it good eighteenth century English.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

SCOT SCOTLAND SCOTIA (5th S. vi. 431.)-In an address to the Pope by Giraldus Cambrensis, he refers to Scotland as 66 quæ nunc abusive Scotia dicitur." I think this address is included in the second volume of his works, published under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. It is long since I read them. WM. CHAPPELL.

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In the account of Queen Christina's funeral, given in Archenholz's Mémoires de Christine, vol. ii. App. 173, it is stated that she was the third queen who had come to lay her bones in Rome. The first was Catherine, the wife of Stephen V., the last King of Bosnia, who, when Bosnia was overrun by the Turks in 1463, was by them "flayed alive." This queen fled to Rome, and died Oct. 15, 1478. The second was Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus, who, on the death of her husband James, King of Cyprus, in 1473, was set aside by the Venetians. She came to Rome, and died there July 16, 1487. The third was Christina of Sweden, who died at Rome, April 19, 1689. A. MCMORRAN.

There are five women buried in the basilica, Colonna; Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus, ob. A.D. namely, the Countess Matilda; Agnese Gaetani 1487; Christina of Sweden; and Maria Clementina Sobieski, wife of the Pretender. Naples.

K. H. B.

THE MEWS, CHARING CROSS (5th S. vi. 448.) — The authority for the statement that Chaucer was appointed custodian of the King's Mews, in 1389, is to be found in the Royal Patent Rolls (Pat., 13 R. II., p. 1, m. 30). It is printed entire in the appendix to Godwin's Life of Chaucer, vol. ii. p. 633, where amongst other things the king confides to the care of Galfridi Chaucer "et mutas Was not Matilda, Countess of Tuscany (that nostras pro falconibus nostris juxta Charyng-great benefactress to the Church during the ponticrouch." The appointment bears date July 12, 1389; and, according to Godwin (ii. 499), Chaucer only held it about twenty months, as John Gedney filled the office on Sept. 16, 1391.

EDWARD SOLLY.

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"On the 12th of July, 1389, he was appointed to the valuable office of Clerk of the King's Works at the Palace of Westminster, Tower of London, Castle of Berkhemstead, the King's Manors of Kennington, Eltham, Clarendon, Sheen, Byfleet, Childern Langley, and Feckenham; also at the Royal Lodge of Hatherbergh, in the New Forest, at the Lodges in the Parks of Clarendon, Childern Langley, and Feckenham, and at the Mews for the King's falcons at Charing Cross. His duties, which he was permitted to execute by deputy, are fully described in the patent (Rot. Pat., 13 Ric. II., p. 1, m. 30, G.): his salary was two shillings per diem, and there were probably other sources of profit."

C. D. FEMALE BURIALS IN ST. PETER'S, AT ROME (5th S. vi. 449.)-MR. THOMPSON is not correct in supposing that only three women are buried in St. Peter's. The others, besides Queen Christina of Sweden, for whom he inquires, are the famous Countess Matilda, whose remains were translated from Mantua by Pope Urban VIII., and (Queen) Maria Clementina, wife of James (III.) Stuart.

ficate of Gregory VII.), also interred at St. Peter's?
She died at Rome, and I remember a monument
in St. Peter's to her memory.
M. V.

Extract from Starke's Travels in Europe, London, Murray, 1832, pp. 197-8:

"St. Peter's, Rome.-Over the door which leads to the cupola is the tomb of Maria Clementina Sobieski. Toward the high altar is the tomb of Christina of Sweden. Beyond is the tomb of the Countess Matilda (died 1115). In the subterranean church, that of Charlotte, Queen of Jerusalem and Cyprus."

Upper Norwood.

V. DE PONTIGNY.

"DROMEDARY" (5th S. vi. 426.)-W. T. M. can scarcely have considered the evidence for the etymology of dromedary, dictionary in hand. It is a pity to make such crude guesses. The camel, an Eastern animal known to the Latins through their intercourse with the Greeks, like many other animals, brought its name with it. There were two names in use among the Greeks: one, camel, an entirely foreign word; another, dromas, "the runner," a Greek word, cf. "Et cameli, quos adpellant dromadas," Livy, xxxvii. 40, where he is speaking of the forces of Antiochus. The Greek shape of the word is plain here and in other writers. After a time the word took a thoroughly Latin shape in dromedarius, with a Latin substantival suffix, like quadrig-arius, a driver, or tolut-arius, a trotter, which, as used of a horse, is more exactly

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