built larger than the common barks, and fent them to Britain for grain. It s not poffible to afcertain the capacity of thefe veffels, but it is probable, From privileges that were granted to thofe who built fhips above a certain ze, that many of them would contain more than ten thoufand Roman molia, or upwards of three hundred English quarters.

Confidering the change of manners it is not to be expected that the days fancient Rome will be revived, when the most diftinguished citizens united The culture of the liberal arts with the tillage of their fields, and when the ighet Officers of the State, having left the helm of government, did not idain to lay hold of the ftilts of the plough. When, however, we contemplate the rapid progrefs which agriculture made in this ifland in the rude days of that fuperftitious people, who were governed in their time of fowng by the age of the Moon, and the fetting of the Pleiades, what may not e hoped for from the fpirit of an enlightened nation fully excited and directd to its proper objects by the newly established Board, under whofe aufpices, were but the ravages of war to ceafe for a century, Great Britain would atin to an incredible degree of wealth and cultivation? Enjoying a foil of Teat original fertility, and a climate favourable to the growth of most ranches of the vegetable kingdom, its craggy mountains and verdant hills. would be clothed with lofty timber or bleat with innumerable flocks, its mea ows would rear the ftately bullock, and its fruitful plains would wave with the cheft crops of every grain that the influence of a British fun can pour into The lap of lenty. The perfevering hand of industry would even teach trees and plants to flourish that at prefent are fickly and droop, and can hardly xit through the feverity of an inclement winter. In a few centuries. more others might be cultivated with fuccefs, which, if directly transplant. d to our climate, would immediately perish. When peaches were firft led in Italy all the world was furprised that they could be brought to peredion out of Perfia. What would Caefar and Diodorus Siculus fay, were they told that the moft efteemed wines of Europe are produced in Gaul, Sermany, and Hungary, where they imagined that vines would not grow? Or Strabo, if he knew that figs can be propagated in the north of Scotand? Or Lucullus, that cherries will grow almost any where, which in This time were known only in Cerafus, and the milder climates of Europe?

very

Trees and plants, being altogether paffive, accommodate themselves flowly to a change of climate; but the idea has been already * thrown out, that even those of the torrid zone may be made to flourish in northern regions, may become gradually inured to the climate, that the climate itself may be changed for the better, and that fome thousands of years hence, reposing under their own olive tree, future Britons may quaff their own wine, or fip their own tea sweetened with the juice of their own fugar cane.

No apology is due to the author of J. W. Spencer's travels for the freedom that is here ufed with them.

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PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS

BY

THE BISHOP OF LANDAFF.

EXTENT OF THE COUNTY.

THE county of Weftmoreland was furveyed in 1768, and a map of it, upon a scale of an inch to a mile, was engraved by Thomas Jeffreys geographer to his Majefty, in 1770. It appears, from this map, that the greatest breadth of the county, from its fouthern boundary, near Burton, to its northern one, near Penrith in Cumberland, is thirty-two miles, and that its greatest length, from eaft to weft, is forty miles.

I covered this map very exactly with fine writing paper, except the Etuary near Millthrope and Windermere lake; I then cut out a flip of the paper of an inch in breadth, and of ten inches in length, and weighed it accurately; from another part of the fame paper I cut another flip, two inches in breadth and five in length, and found it to be precisely of the fame weight as the first flip; and hence, as the furfaces of the two flips were equal, we may collect that the paper was of an uniform thickness. The arca of each of these flips was ten fquare inches, and confequently covered a space on the map equal to ten fquare miles; I then weighed the whole of the paper which

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