and on securing some poems guarded by copyright which add considerably to the charm of the

volume.

The frontispiece is derived from Giotto's picture of St. Francis and the birds at Assisi, and opposite the first little poem we find three familiar lines on birds from a master of ancient Greece. Two chief contributors are Mr. Robert Bridges with six pieces, and Father Tabb (whose death is a distinct loss to the world of poetry) with seven. Of Shakespeare and Tennyson we get four pieces, of Wordsworth seven, of Swinburne three. The single poems by Francis Thompson and Prof. Santayana are notable, though not entirely successful in technique ; while Mr. Hardy's Darkling Thrush' shows his wonderful power of gloomy vision.

There are two Indexes, one of first lines, and another of authors. Such aids ought to appear in every book of this sort, but, as they do not, we mention their appearance here.

WE receive four of the earliest copies of the Oxford issue of The Prince of Wales PrayerBooks, embodying the alterations necessitated by the recent accession to that title of Prince Edward. We hope that this form will last for many years. The books are, as usual, admirably produced in every respect, and once more show that careful regard both for taste and detail which we have learnt to expect from the Oxford University Press.

landed, and, in the end, set at liberty." In 1797, when the Directory was preparing the political stroke of Fructidor, a corvette was secretly armed at Rochelle to transport condemned people to Senegal: it was the Vaillante, commanded by Lieutenant Jurien de Gravière. The day that the pretended conspiracy was discovered the vessel had been ready for a month, but at the last moment the destination was changed, and according to the counsels of Lescallier, Cayenne was chosen. The first convoy only included politicians, but the Décade and the Bayonnaise took to Guiana two hundred and sixtythree priests; another vessel was seized by the English, and as leaving the ports became dangerous, on account of English cruisers, the other déportés, to the number of one thousand one hundred and seventy-two, were relegated to the islands of Ré and Oléron." The phrase unheard-of barbarism" can scarcely be exact. It was impossible for the men of the eighteenth century to outdo some of their predecessors in ferocity. But that callousness, combined with lack of organization in providing for the needs of the unfortunates in their grip, destroyed many of their victims slowly and miserably is not to be doubted.

Notices to Correspondents.

66

We must call special attention to the following notices:—

communications which, for any reason, we do not WE beg leave to state that we decline to return print, and to this rule we can make no exception.

MR. CHARLES THOMAS-STANFORD, Vice-Chairman of the Council of the Sussex Archæological Society, has in the press 'Sussex in the Great Civil War and the Interregnum, 1642-1660.' The THE attractive medley of historical, scientific, book will be published about August by the and literary information supplied by the Inter-Chiswick Press, and will be fully illustrated. Any médiaire is as discursive as usual. Ancient and profits from its issue will be given to the Barbican modern life are dealt with impartially. Feigned House Fund of the Society above mentioned. marriage by capture, which has barely disappeared Subscriptions may be sent to Mr. W. T. Cripps, Stanford Estate Office, Brighton. in Corsica, and up-to-date aviation are considered equally worthy of a place in its hospitable pages. Several contributors supply notes on mills worked by the tide, others describe the signiorial chapels attached to churches, or the trees of liberty which survive from the days of the great revolution. In an answer to a question relating to the origin of Norman apple-trees reference is also made to the bibliography of apple-culture. Nanot's La Culture du Pommier à Cidre' and Truelle's Les Fruits de Pressoir' are both commended, the second specially so. Genealogists will find the notes on French families of Scotch or irish origin of interest. Remarks on the belief that lepers poisoned wells and springs touch on a distressing and humiliating subject. The inveterate heartlessness of man to man is also shown when the deportation of French ecclesiastics during the revolution is in question. "In 1793 it was decided that the déportés should be conducted to Senegal on the coast of Africa; it was thought that they would return less easily from there than from Switzerland or Spain. Under the Terror those suspected were menaced with being sent to Madagascar, and there was also question of some part of the Barbary coast." The prisoners were, however, brought together at Rochefort and embarked on two worthless vessels, the Washington and the Deux Associés, which could not put to sea on account of the presence of the English fleet. "Herded together between-decks, receiving insufficient and unhealthy food, and treated with unheard-of barbarism, the prisoners died by F. SCHLOESSER ("Habacuc est capable de tout"). hundreds. After Thermidor the survivors were-See MR. CURRY'S reply, 10 S. x. 314.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, nor can we advise correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the means of disposing of them.

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

William Browne, 1792

1620,"for the using of the trade of binding and
selling books."
J. B. Beckett, Corn Street, 1774
Ann Bryan, 51, Corn Street, 1794
Thomas Cocking, Small Street, 1767
R. Edwards, Broad Street, 1796
S. Farley & Son, Small Street, 1758
Hester Farley, Castle Green, 1774
Felix Farley, Castle Green, 1734
Grabham & Pine, 1760

this fragment, at No. 498 in his numerical Eliazer Edgar, admitted to the freedom in June, system, dates it 1747, and proceeds to draw attention to the connexion of its subjectmatter with paragraphs 28 and 29 in the missing section of the Diarium Spirituale.' Renewing and extending his researches into this suggested parallelism, Mr. Hyde published their result in The New Church Review (Philadelphia, U.S.A.) for July, 1907. Briefly stated, Mr. Hyde's conclusions are that paragraphs 1 to 148 of these "memorabilia" were written by Swedenborg at Stockholm within the months January to July, 1747, in a book entirely distinct from that, or those, in which he subsequently penned paragraphs 149 to 6096; and that the fragment described at No. 498 in the 'Swedenborg Bibliography' is a part of that first used volume which is now, apparently, lost.

The whole subject is discussed at length in an article, divided into three sections, which appears in The New Church Magazine for February, March, and April of the present year, to the last-named of which is prefixed a facsimile of the resuscitated fragment. The Magazine is procurable at the Swedenborg Society's house, 1, Bloomsbury Street, W.C., or it can be consulted in many Free Libraries throughout the country.

Meanwhile, may I appeal to all my readers who possess, or know of, any anonymous Latin MSS. of the eighteenth century, to examine them with a view to ascertain if they include a volume [bound or unbound] measuring 12 by 8 inches, probably without title-page or page-headings, and containing paragraphs numbered 1 to 148, whereof No. 29 lacks the concluding portion"? A copy of the facsimile of the newly identified fragment already mentioned will be forwarded to all applicants by Mr. James Speirs, 1, Bloomsbury Street, W.C. It will serve as a clue to facilitate the search for which I plead, and he or I will gladly receive particulars of any successful results.

CHARLES HIGHAM. 169, Grove Lane, Camberwell, S.E.

BRISTOL BOOKSELLERS AND
PRINTERS.

Henry Greep, Bridewell Lane, 1715
Benjamin Hickey, Nicholas Street, 1742
Mrs. Hooke, Maiden Tavern, Baldwin Street, 1753
Andrew Hooke, Shannon Court, 1745
William Huston, 4, Castle Green, 1791
Lancaster & Edwards, Redcliff Street, 1792
W. Pine & Son, Wine Street, 1753
James Sketchley, 27, Small Street, 1775
T. Smart, St. John Street, 1792
Edward Ward, Castle Street, 1749

Mary Ward, 1774

Mary Ward & Son, Corn Street, 1781
J. Watts, Shannon Court, 1742
Thomas Whitehead, Broadmead, 1709

William Bonny, mentioned by W. C. B., was the first man to set up an independent permanent press in Bristol. He was originally in business in London, where he had met with little success. When, in 1695, Parliament omitted to continue the law subjecting all printed books and pamphlets to official censorship, and virtually confining the provincial press of England to Oxford, Cambridge, and York, Bonny_obtained leave from the Corporation of Bristol to start in business as a printer in the city, but, out of consideration for the local booksellers, it was stipulated that he should carry on no other business than that of a printer.

Bonny printed John Cary's An Essay on the State of England, in relation to its Trade, its Poor, and its Taxes. For carrying on the Present War against France,' which was published in November, 1695, and was the first book printed at Bristol by a permanently established local press. John Locke said it was the best book on the subject of trade that he had ever read. Cary was a freeman and merchant of Bristol, and his subsequent essay on pauperism led to the establishment, in May, 1696, of the Bristol Incorporation of the Poor-the first body of the kind in this country created by Act of Parliament. The name continued in use until 1898, when it was changed to Bristol Board of Guardians.

W. C. B.'s list at 10 S. v. 141 I did not see, but I venture to submit some names in addition to those Bristol booksellers and We owe to Bonny the earliest newspaper printers appearing in his second list, 11 S. published in Bristol. This was The Bristol i. 304. The dates I give are the earliest Post-Boy. The first numbers are lost, but hitherto noted, but the address is not, in if No. 91, issued on 12 Aug., 1704, represents quite every case, that of the year given :—a correct numbering, then the first copy

George (1738-1820).

Son of Frederick Louis. Created Prince of

Wales 1751. Became George III. in 1760.
George Augustus Frederick (1762-1830).
Son of George III. Created Prince of Wales
when a few days old. Became George IV. 1820.
Albert Edward (1841-1910).

Son of Queen Victoria. Created Prince of Wales
on Dec. 4, 1841. Became King Edward VII.

1901.

George Frederick (born 1865).

Son of Edward VII. Created Prince of Wales,
Nov. 9, 1901. Became George V. May, 1910.
A. N. Q.

SWEDENBORG MANUSCRIPT

MISSING.

An

Several of these MSS. which had not been. published in their author's lifetime some of which, indeed, he seems to have intended only for his own reference have been since printed by permission of the authorities of the Royal Academy of Sciences, and with their co-operation. MS. which bears no title, but which was Among these is an named by Benedict Chastanier (who in 1791 issued abortive proposals for printing the work) 'Diarium Spirituale,' by which title it has been subsequently known. The 'Diarium Spirituale was printed by Dr. J. F. I. Tafel, Librarian in the University of Tübingen, at that town in 1844-50. English translation, as 'The Spiritual Diary,' extending as far as paragraph 1538, was ONE hundred and thirty-eight years ago, published in London in 1846; and another, viz., on Sunday, 29 March, 1772, Emanuel continued to paragraph 3427, at New York Swedenborg died in his London lodging and Boston, U.S.A., in 1850-72. A comat 26, Great Bath Street, Coldbath Fields, plete English translation appeared in London s house which, judged by its present appear-in 1883-1902, and a phototyped facsimile ance, must have been a very modest habita- of the original MS. at Stockholm in 1901-5. tion for a man of his social standing. His In each of these five editions paragraphs whole library there, we are told, had 1 to 148 are "conspicuous by their absence"; consisted of a Hebrew Bible, and it was but in the latest English version their given, as his burial fee, to his countryman place is occupied by a translation of the Dean Ferelius. Some of Swedenborg's MSS. brief analyses of the contents of these para(probably memorandum books and indexes graphs as noted by their author in his MS. to his writings) had accompanied his final index to the work. journey to London, and these, with his other personal effects, were immediately after his death dispatched to Stockholm by his friend and man-of-business Mr. Charles Lindegren. Swedenborg having left no will, all his property passed into the hands of his heirs-at-law. His library, which had remained in Sweden, was sold at the "Bok-Auctions-Kammaren i Stockholm d. 28 Nov., 1772," and the printed catalogue of the sale, reproduced in facsimile by Mr. Alfred H. Stroh at Stockholm in 1907, forms an interesting conspectus of the great Swede's multifarious studies.

66

22

A month before this sale, viz., on 27 October, 1772, the whole of Swedenborg's extant MSS., and the "author's copies" of many of his printed works, were, on behalf of his heirs, formally presented to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, in the library of which institution they have been preserved ever since, though not wholly exempt from vicissitudes. The gift was accompanied by a list of the MSS., which was printed at Stockholm in 1801, and again in 1820, and is reproduced, with similar lists, upon pp. 729 to 800 of Dr. R. L. Tafel's collection of 'Documents concerning Swedenborg,' vol. ii. part ii., London, 1877.

The existence of this defect has been known from 1772 onwards. It is noted, at No. 7, vols. iv. and v., in the abovementioned Heirs' List compiled in that year, but is there exaggerated so as to include paragraphs 1 to 205, an error due obviously to a too hasty glance at the MS. which upon its surface seems to justify the statement. Special search has been made for the missing section (e.g., by Dr. J. F. I. Tafel at Stockholm in 1859, and by his nephew, Dr. R. L. Tafel, at the same city in 1868), but without success; and its disappearance has come to be considered absolute and complete.

66

behalf of the Swedenborg Society elicited
As long ago as 1842 inquiries made on
the information that in the library of a
certain
people was
congregation of New-Church 23
a volume of Swedenborg's
writings to which was affixed a fragment of
his MS. " evidently cut from some book."
The volume in question formed one of the
'objects of interest "
visitors at the International Swedenborg
exhibited to the
Congress held in London throughout the
week ending to-day.

66

In his copious Bibliography of Swedenborg's Works,' issued in 1906, the editor, the Rev. James Hyde, minutely describes

W. C. B.'s list at 10 S. v. 141 I did not see, but I venture to submit some names in addition to those Bristol booksellers and We owe to Bonny the earliest newspaper printers appearing in his second list, 11 S. published in Bristol. This was The Bristol i. 304. The dates I give are the earliest Post-Boy. The first numbers are lost, but hitherto noted, but the address is not, in if No. 91, issued on 12 Aug., 1704, represents quite every case, that of the year given :—a correct numbering, then the first copy

appeared in November, 1702. That must not be accepted as proved, for those early printers were a little careless in the matter of numbering. Still, there is very good reason for believing that 1702 was the year of the start of the enterprise at offices in Corn Street, where, apparently freed from the restrictions imposed when he came to Bristol, the printer dealt in charcoal, old rope, Bibles, Welsh prayer-books, music, maps, paperhangings, and forms for the use of ale-house keepers and officers on privateers.

In 1713 Samuel_Farley published the first number of his Postman, the ancestor of the present Times and Mirror, and the Postman soon sent the Post-Boy to oblivion, if, indeed, the latter had not gone there before the stronger paper's advent. CHARLES WELLS.

Bristol.

been made a Knight of the Bath in 1464 (sic) at the coronation of Elizabeth, queen of Edward IV., 20 May (sic).

My friend Dr. W. A. Shaw in his 'Knights of England,' i. 134-5, gives the same list as that which Metcalfe copies from Nicolas, but with the correct date of the coronation, viz., 26 May, 1465, and describing Philip as a "citizen of London."

Unless there were two contemporary London civic knights of this name, of which there is absolutely no evidence, I am confident that the list of Knights of the Bath from which Nicolas and Dr. Shaw copied is wrong in including Philip amongst them.

Philip, the alderman who was Mayor 1463-4, was not knighted till May, 1471, when he was one of twelve aldermen who received ordinary knighthood, not that of the Bath. This list, with Philip's name included, is given by Dr. Shaw in his second Volume (p. 16).

There is both positive and negative evidence that Philip was not knighted before 1471, and that he was not one of the batch of Knights of the Bath made in 1465.

1. His name, with that of the other eleven aldermen included with him in the knighting of 1471, receives the prefix "Sir" in the City records after that date, and never before it.

MARLOWE'S EPITAPH ON SIR ROGER MANWOOD. (See 11 S. i. 459.) The copy of Marlowe and Chapman's 'Hero and Leander,' 1629, in which this Latin epitaph is written on the back of the title-page, is still in my possession. It was lot 1415 in Heber's sale of Old Poetry, held at Sotheby's, 8 December, 1834, and fourteen following days. The note upon the lot shows that the book was then in its present condition, except that the late Mr. Ouvry, after it had 2. Gregory's 'Chronicle '-the work of passed into his hands, had it bound in one who had himself been Mayor and morocco by Rivière. At Heber's sale it alderman-records the coronation of Elizawas bought by John Payne Collier, who beth, and says: "These valdyrmen were parted with it to Mr. Ouvry, at whose sale made knyghtys of the Bathe"; and after it came into my possession. Owing to the recording their names-which, divested of volume having been Collier's property, some orthographic variants, are those generally doubt has been thrown upon the authenticity known as Wyche, Cooke, Josselyn, Plomer, of the manuscript notes in the book, and some and Waver-he adds: “And no moo of the correspondence took place in N. & Q.' on cytte but thes v, and hyt ys a grete the subject (6 S. xi. 305, 352; xii. 15). Mr. worschyppe unto alle the cytte (p. 228). Arthur Bullen, who printed the epitaph in his edition of Marlowe (Introduction, pp. xii, xiii), said that it had " every appearance of being genuine"; and a few years ago, when he contemplated bringing out a new edition of the dramatist, he borrowed the book from me, and had the page bearing the inscription photographed. The result of his examination was, I believe, to confirm him in his previous view, though it cannot, of course, be stated with absolute certainty that the epitaph was written by Marlowe. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

SIR MATTHEW PHILIP, MAYOR OF LONDON. -In Metcalfe's Book of Knights' Sir M. Philip is said (on the authority of Sir N. H. Nicolas's Orders of Knighthood') to have

22

It is clear from this that Philip, who was then alderman and ex-Mayor, was not included in the list of the Knights of the Bath made at Elizabeth's coronation, nor is it probable that any other" citizen of London " of the same name was then a recipient of the honour. ALFRED B. BEAVEN.

Leamington.

THE DIPHTHONG " OU."-I have nowhere seen it definitely stated that the diphthong ou, as employed in modern English, almost invariably indicates a French spelling. This is a very useful fact.

Of course, it constantly occurs in native English words, such as out. But this is only because the Normans, who obligingly respelt our language for us, used the symbol