Ministers. Answer of the Députation. Menating Note of the French Ministers. Reply of the Deputation, Forcible Representations of the French Ministers. • Concessions of the Deputation,

CHA P. VIII.

227

4

Negociation at Radstadt. Note of the French Ministers on the March of the Russians. Vote of the Deputation of the Empire. Dissatisfaction of the French Ministers. Declaration of the French Ministers to the Commissary of the Emperor. Vote of the Diet of Ratisbon. Passage of the Rhine by the French Incops. Remonstrances of the Empire. Surrender of Ehrenbreitstein. Answer of the Court of Vienna respecting the March of the Russian Troops. De-cision of the Diet. Threats of Hostilities by the French Ministers. Campaign of Naples. Refusal by Champjonet of the Armistice offered by the Neapolitan Government Surrender of the Port of Garta on the Mediterrangan. Progress of the Left Wing of the French Army on the Adriatic. Defeat of the Right Wing of Neanslitans. Insurrection of the Neapolitans. Surrender of Pescara. Defeat of the Centre of the Neapolitan Army at Po"poli Engagements between the French and Neapolitans before Capua Defeat of the French Troops by the Insurgents in the Gariglians. General In surrectim against the French, New Propositions for the Surrender of Capua refused by Championer & Distressed Situatich of the French Army. Massatre of the French Fresh Proposals for the Surrender of Capaa accepted. Conditions of the Surrender. Flight of the King from Naples to Sicily. Representation by Championct to the Directory of the Advantages of the Armistice. Insulting Letter of the French Directory to Championet respect ing the Armistice. Stated Causes of the Conduct of the Directory. tion of the Left Wing of the French Army at Caserta. State of Parties at Naples, Desertion of the Neapolitan Army to the French. Escape of Gemial Mack from Naples to the French Camp Arrest of Mack, by Order of the French Directory, at Milan. Lazzarmi in Possession of Naples. Attock of the Lazzaroni on the French Camp. Horrers committed by the Lazzaroni at Naples. Rupture of the Armistice. Invitation from the Inhabi tants to the French to enter Naples. Advance of the Bench to Naples. Desperate Resistance of the Lazzaroni. Surrender of the Lazzarini. Pros clamation of Chaufticnet. Provisionary Government of the Neapolian Rea public. Ill Reception by the Directory of the Embassadors from the Nea olitan Republic Disobedience of Championet to the Decrees of the Direc tory, Arrest of Championes. Revolution of Lucca. Constitution of the new Republic of Lucca. State of Finances in France. Tax on Salt. Menage of the Directory to the Comcil of Five Hundred Opposition of the Council of Elders to the Directory. Observations on the Conduct of the Directory. Instances of the Despotism and Corruption of the Directory. First Symptoms of the aptproaching Fall of the Directory. Pamphlet by Boulay de la Meurthe. Effect of the Pamphlet on the Public Mind. Apprehensions of the Directory. Pros dlamations of the Directory previous to the Annual Elections. Coalition of Parties against the Directory,

1

Continuance of Negotiation at Radstadt. Preparations of the Belligerent Powers for taking the Field. Motives of Delay with the Austrians and the French State of the French Armies. French pass the Rhine. Note and Proclamation of the French Directory on the Passage of the Troops. Vote of the Congress on the Note and Proclamation of the French Ministers. Disapprobation of the Imperial Commissary. Commencement of Hostilities between the Emperor and France. Order of March of the French Army. Plan of Attack. Order of March of the Austrian Army. Disposition of the Austrian Forces. Entrance of the French into the Grisons. Defeat and Capture of the Austrian Army in the Grisons. Success of the French in the Mountains of the Tyrol. Manoeuvres of Jourdan's Army Defeat of the French Division before Feldkirch. Respective Positions of the French and Austrian Armies. Engagements between the French and Austrian Armies. Second Defeat of the French before Feldkirch. Defeat of the French Army under Jourdan on the Danube. Consternation at Paris. Jourdan's Defence of his Conduct. Situation of the Army on his taking the Command. Nefarious Practices of the Minister of Ilar. Correspondence between Jourdan, the Directory, and Minister of War. Operations of the French Army in the Tyrol. Extraordinary Mancores of the French Army on the Alps. Defeat of the Austrians. Occupation of important Posts in the Tyrol by the French. Dismission of the Minister of -War, Scherer. Scherer's Appointment to Commander in Chief of the Army in fialy. General Indignation of the Army at the Appointment. Attack of the French on the Austrian Line at Verond. Success of Moreau's Division across the Adige." Failure of Scherer's in front of Verona. Renewed Attack on the Austrian Lines. Defeat of Scherer's Army. Retreat of the French from the Adige. Battle of Magnan. Further Defeat and Retreat of Scherer's" Army. Situation of the French and Austrian Armies in Italy on the Arrival of the Russians. Retreat of the French Divisions from the Tyrol. Further Retreat of Divisims of Jourdan's Army. Operations of Massena in Switzerland. Movements of the Archduke. Schaffhausen taken. Reflections en War in mountainous Countries. Further Re~~treat of the French in Italy. Arrival of Suwarrow in Italy. Command of the Bench Army transnitted from Scherer to Moreau. Retreat of the French behind the ridda. Capture of various Places by the Allies. Deci sion of the Diet of Ratisbon respecting the War. Recall of the Minister of the Empire from the Congress at Radstadt. Breaking up of the Congress. Declaration of the French Ministers. Publication of the supposed Secret ·Treaty of Campo-Formio. Details of the Murder of the French Plenipo- tentiaries at Radstadt.Reflections on this Assassination. Election of the thod Part of the Legislature of the French Republic. Intrigues of the Di<rectory Eléction of a new Director. Secession of Recybell. Election of Sirger Addresses to the Council against Scherer. Enormities committed by tha Minister. Reflections on the Progress of the Allies in Italy. Military Sivation of Moreau. Battle on the Adda. Defeat of the French on every Points Entrance of the Allies into Milan. Reflections on the Condor of the French Government toth Respect to the Circline Republic. 735101 Situation

Situation of the Cisalpine Government on the Invasion of the allied Armies,

288

Projects of the Archduke for the Invasion of the Grisons. Advantages gained by the French in the Grisons. Insurrection and Defeat of the Swiss Peasantry, Success of the Imperialists in the Grisons. Capture of the Fortress of Laciensteig. Evacuation of the Grisons by the French. State and Progress of the alled Army in Italy. Further Retreat and State of Moreau's Army Strong Position of the French Army. Defeat of the Russians near Kalenza. Skilful Manoeuvres of Moreau. Capture of the City of Turin by the Allied Armies. March of Macdonald from Naples. Operations of the French on the Lakes in the North of Italy. Surrender of the Citadel of Milan Ancna bombarded. Army before Mantua detached against Macdonald, Progress of the Archduke's Army in Switzerland. Different Actions between the French and Austrian Armies. Translation of the Seat of Helvetic Goament from Lucerne to Berne, Battle before Zurich. Zurich evacuated by the French, Observations on the Plans of the respective Armies, and their Mades of Operation. Invasion of the Piedmontese Valleys on the French Frontiers. Entrance of Macdonald's Army to Tuscany. Manoeuvres of Moreau to favor the Junction of the Army from Naples. Plan of the combined Armies of Moreau and Macdonald. Progress of Macdonald's Army. March of Suwarrow against Macdonald. Dreadful Engagements on the Trebbia. Defeat of the French. Retreat of Macdonald's Army Defeat of the Austrians by Moreau. Surrender of the Citadel of Turin, Conclusion of the first Part of the Campaign Valuation of the Losses of the French and allied Armies in Switzerland and Italy. Appearance of the combined Fes of France and Spain in the Mediterranean State of the English and French Marine Forces. Operations of the English to intercept the combined Fleets. Return of the combined F Fleets from the Mediterranean to Brist

I

CHAP. XI.

Situation of the domestic Affairs of the Republic. Projects of overthrowing the Directory. Address from the Citizens of Chamberry to the Council, demuncing Scherer. Vote of the Council to send it to the Directory. NomiBalion of Seberer by the Directory to be Inspector general of Holland. Motion for the Liberty of the Press. Remonstrating Message of the Council to the Directory. Address from the Council of Five Hundred to the People, Discussion of the Liberty of the Press. Conspiracy against the Directory. Means of carrying it into Execution. Permanence of the Council Disis of the Director Treilhard. Election of Ghier. Negotiation for the Resignation of two other Directors. Success of the Negotiation. Characters of the Directors who resigned. Reflections on the pusillanimous Fobearance of the Legislative Body Choice of new Directors. Denuncaliaus dainst the Minister of Police and Scherer. Alarming Message from the Directory on the State of the Republic. Law for embodying the whole of the Conscription, and raising an Hundred Millions, State of the allied

Forces.

Forces. State of the Armies of the Republic. Projects of the French Government to swell the Armies. Reflections. Macdonald's Retreat into Tuscany. Further Retreat to Genoa. Evacuation of Leghorn and Reestablishment of the former Government of Tuscany. Capture of Alessandria by the Allies. Military Position of Moreau. Resurrection of the Jacobin Society at the Manège. Further Denunciations against the Ex-Directors. Decree of Accusation against them by the Councils. Resignation of the Ministers under the late Executive Government Projects of the Jacobins. Hostilities against Sieyes. Propositions made at the Manège. Denunciation of the Plan of Jacobin Organisation, Expulsion of Jacobins from the Manège. Law on Hostages. Effects of that Law Complaints of the Directory against the Licentiousness of the Press. Operations of the allied Army in Piedmont. Attack on Mantua. Capitulation of Mantua Observations on the Surrender of Mantua. Positions of the French and allied Armies in Switzerland. Operations of the French and allied armies on the Rhine, sh 98101}}

1094342

"

Naples. Disposition of the Inhabitants towards the French. Retreat of rothe Republican Party to the Forts. Attack and Capitulation of the Republicans. English Squadron before Naples. Capitulation broke by Order of the King. Massacre of the Republicans. Supreme Tribunal Official Account of its Proceedings. Treaty between the Courts of Vienna and Naples. Change of the Civic Oath in France. Accusation against the Directors negatived in the Councils. Discontent of the Jacobins Spread of that Society-Conduct of the Government relative to the Jaobins-Daring Projects of the Jacobins-Jacobins' Society in Paris finally ssuppressed. Situation of the bostile Forces in Italy and Switzerland. Plan of Operations of the Allied and French Armies. Suspension of Massena by Order of the Directory. Feigned Attack of the French Son the Right of the Austrian Line at Zurich. Attack of the French on the Austrian Centre. Defeat of the Austrians. Survey of the Alps. General Attack in the Mountains on the left of the Austrian Line. General Defeat of the Austrians, from the Lake to the Summit of St. Gothard. Fruitless Attempts of the Arcbduke to stop the Progress of the French. Reflections on War in Mountains. Position of the French and Allied Armies in Italy. Respective Plans of Attack of the Allied and French Armies. Battle of Novi-Death of Joubert-Defeat of the French-Advantages re sulting from their Victory to the Allies. Engagements in the Ligurian Republic Operations of the French and Allied Arms' in the Piedmontese (Alps,, Operations of the French on the Lower Rhine. Progress of the « French driny in Suabra. Kising in a Mass of the lubabitants of Suabia. Philipsburg bombarded. March of the Archduke from Switzerland into Shalia. Changes in the Archdude's Plan of Operations,

1364

CHA P. XIII.

Jacobin Associations throughout the Republic. Royalist Insurrection in the South. Defeat of the Royalists. Troubles of Bourdeaux. Measures of Safety proposed by a Commission named for saving the Country: Denunciation in the Council against the Directory. Proclamation of the Directory against Royalism. Motion of General Jourdan for saving the Country Means adopted by the Jacobin Party to carry through this Mation without Discussion. Changes in the Ministry and the AdminiTtration of Paris. State of St. Domingo. Proclamation of Generat Rigaud against Toussaint Louverture. Impolicy of the late Directory. - Civil Ikar in the Colony. Peace restored. Actual State of the French and allied Republics: Batavian Republic. Advantages and Publicity of the projected Expedition. Departure from the Downs of the First Grand Division State of the English and Russian Forces employed in the Expedition State of the Dutch and French Troops in Holland Political Situation of the Batavian Republic. Denunciation against the Batavian Government by the Jacobins of Paris. Address of the Batavian Embassador, and Suppression of the Calumniators. Summons of Surrender to the Dutch Fleet. Landing of the English Army under General Abercrombie. Defeat of the Dutch. Revolt of the Sailors on board the Dutch Fleet. Surrender of the Fleet to the English. Overtures made by General Abercrombie to the Batavian Government: March of General › Brune towards North Holland. Respective Positions of the Armies Ill Success of the Attack on the English by the French and Dutch Armies. Fruitless Diversion of the Prince of Orange on the Eastern Frontiers. -Preparations for the Defence of Amsterdam. Landing of the Duke of York and the Russian Troops. General Attack of the English and Russians on the French and Dutch Lines. - Battle of Bergen. Result of the Action Descent of the English in Friesland. Formidable Preparations of Defence by General Brune. General Attack on the French and Dutch Lines Defeat and Retreat of the French and Dutch Army. Surinam taken by the English, Embarrassment of the French Government in the - Assistance given to Holland. Progress of the Archiluke's Army in Suabia. Relief of Philipsburgb. Defeat of the French at Manbeim Menace of the Archduke to pass the Khine.

CHA P. XIV.

387

Declaration of War by Russia against Spain. Conduct of the Emperor of Russia towards Denmark-Submission of Denmark. Sweden. Answer of the Court of Spain to the Russian Declaration of War. Removal of the Pope from Florence into France Death of the Pope-Particulars of bis Abode at Valence Reflexions on the Fate of Pius Sixth. Situation of the French Army at Rome. Investment of the City by the Neapolitans and Insurgents, Engagements between the Garrison and the Neapolitan Troops. Surrender of Rome to the English. Honourable Conduct of the English Commodore. Conditions of the Capitulation. Abolition of the Roman Republic. General Insurrection in the Western Departments of the French Republic. Dreadful Effects of the Law of Hostages and the forced Loan.

Desperate