51 { 1 Degree of a Great 4 Quarters 1 Hundredweight (cwt.) 20 Cwt. 1 Ton This weight is used in almost all commercial transactions, and in the common dealings of life. The particular weights belonging to this Division are as follow:-cwt. qr. lb. Circle of the Earth. 14 Pounds 2 Stone 6 Tod 2 Weys An inch is the smallest lineal measure to which a name is given, but subdivisions are used for many purposes. Among mechanics, the inch is commonly divided into eighths. By the officers of the revenue, and by scientific persons, it is divided into tenths, hundredths, &c. Particular Measures of Length. A Nail Fathom = 6 Feet used for measuring cloth of all kinds. used for height of horses. used in measuring depths. used in Land Measure to facilitate computation of the content, 10 square chains being equal to an acre. 2. MEASURE OF SURFACE. Link Chain = 7 In. 92 hdths. 100 Links 144 Sq. Inches 9 Sq. Feet 30 Sq. Yards 40 Perches = 1 Sq. Foot 1 Sq. Yard 1 Perch or Rod = 1 Rood = 1 Acre = 1 Sq. Mile 3. MEASURES OF SOLIDITY AND 12 Sacks = 1 Tod = 0 1 0 = 1 Wey=1 2 14 1 Sack = 3 1 0 1 Last 39 0 0DIVISION IL-TROY WEIGHT. 24 Grains 1 Pennyweight = 20 Pennywts. = 1 Ounce 12 Ounces =1 Pound These are the denominations of Troy Weight when used for weighing gold, silver, and precious stones (except diamonds). But Troy Weight is also used by Apothecaries in compounding medicines, and by them the ounce is divided into 8 drams, and the dram into 3 scruples, so that the scruple is equal to 20 grains. For scientific purposes the grain only is used; and sets of weights are constructed in decimal progression, from 10,000 grains downwards to of a grain. The carat, used for weighing diamonds, is 3 grains. The term, however, when used to express the fineness of gold, has a relative meaning only. Every mass of alloyed gold is supposed to be divided into 24 equal parts; thus the standard for coin is 22 carats fine, that is, it consists of 22 parts of pure gold, and 2 parts of alloy. 5. ANGULAR MEASURE; OR, DIVISIONS OF THE CIRCLE. = 1 Minute cub. ins., 343 nearly. 60 Seconds 69 60 Minutes = 1 Minute 1 Hour 4 Qts. = 1 Gallon = 277 1 Quarter 554 2218 10{ cub. feet 5 Qrs. = 1 Load = 511 nearly. The four last denominations are used for dry goods only. For liquids several denominations have been heretofore adopted, viz. :-For Beer, the Firkin of 9 Gallons, the Kilderkin of 18, the Barrel of 36, the Hogshead of 54, and the Butt of 108 Galls. Flour is sold nominally by measure, but actually by weight, reckoned at 7 lbs. avoirdupois to a gallon. 4. MEASURE OF WEIGHT. DIVISION I.-AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. = 271 gr =437 273 Grains 1 Dram 16 Drams = 1 Ounce 16 Ounces =1 Pound (lb.) =7000 1 Quarter (qr.) 28 Pounds LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET. Companion to the Almanac; OR, YEAR-BOOK OF GENERAL INFORMATION FOR 1862. I. GENERAL INFORMATION ON SUBJECTS OF MATHEMATICS, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, CHRONOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, FINE ARTS, PUBLIC ECONOMY, &c. II. THE LEGISLATION, STATISTICS, PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS, AND CHRONICLE OF 1861. LONDON: KNIGHT AND CO., 90, FLEET STREET. PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE; or, four shHILLINGS BOUND WITH THE BRITISH ALMANAC. CONTENTS. PART I. GENERAL INFORMATION ON SUBJECTS OF MATHEMATICS, NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, CHRONOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, FINE ARTS, PUBLIC ECONOMY, &c. I. On the Census of the United Kingdom, 1861. II. The Cotton Supply, Present and Prospective III. Co-operation in Lancashire and Yorkshire IV. The Approaching International Exhibition of 1862 VII. Fluctuations of the Funds, and Rate of Interest at the 121 PART II. THE LEGISLATION, STATISTICS, ARCHITECTURE, AND PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS, AND CHRONICLE OF 1860-61. IX. Abstracts of Important Public Acts passed in the Third Session of the Eighteenth Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland :— XV. Architecture and Public Improvements:- 1. General Progress :-Art and Buildings |