THE

PANORAMA

OF

SCIENCE AND ART;

EMBRACING

The Sciences

OF

AEROSTATION, AGRICULTURE AND GARDENING, ARCHITECTURE, ASTRONOMY, CHEMISTRY, ELECTRICITY, GALVANISM, HYDROSTATICS and HYDRAULICS, MAGNETISM,

MECHANICS, OPTICS, AND PNEUMATICS:

THE ARTS

OF

Building, Brewing, Bleaching, Clockwork, Distillation, Dyeing, Drawing, Engraving,
Gilding and Silvering, Ink-making, Japanning, Lacquering, Millwork,
Moulding and Casting in Plaster, Painting, Staining Glass,
Staining Wood, and Varnishing:

THE METHODS OF

WORKING IN WOOD AND METAL,

applicable in

ANNEALING, BORING AND DRILLING, FILING, GRINDING, TEMPERING STEEL, MAKING SCREWS, SOLDERING, COMMON AND ELLIPTIC TURNING, &c.

And

A Miscellaneous Selection

OF

INTERESTING AND USEFUL PROCESSES AND EXPERIMENTS.

BY JAMES SMITH.

With Forty-nine illustrative Engravings, by eminent Artist

IN TWO VOLUMES.-VOL. II.

ETAN

LIVERPOOL,

PRINTED FOR NUTTALL, FISHER, AND CO.

..........

1815.

THE

PANORAMA

OF

SCIENCE AND ART ;

EMBRACING

The Sciences

OF

AEROSTATION, AGRICULTURE AND GARDENING, ARCHITECTURE, ASTRONOMY, CHEMISTRY, ELECTRICITY, GALVANISM, HYDROSTATICS AND HYDRAULICS, MAGNETISM,

MECHANICS, OPTICS, AND PNEUMATICS:

THE ARTS

OF

Building, Brewing, Bleaching, Clockwork, Distillation, Dyeing, Drawing, Engraving,
Gilding and Silvering, Ink-making, Japanning, Lacquering, Millwork,
Moulding and Casting in Plaster, Painting, Staining Glass,
Staining Wood, and Varnishing:

THE METHODS OF

WORKING IN WOOD AND METAL,

applicable in

ANNEALING, BORING AND DRILLING, FILING, GRINDING, TEMPERING STEEL, MAKING SCREWS, SOLDERING, COMMON AND ELLIPTIC TURNING, &c.

And

A Miscellaneous Selection

OF

INTERESTING AND USEFUL PROCESSES AND EXPERIMENTS.

BY JAMES SMITH.

With Forty-nine illustrative Engravings, by eminent Artiste

VOLUMES.-VOL. II.

FISHER, AND CO.

CONTENTS.

PNEUMATICS.

Properties of the air

Page.

1

Of experiments by rarefaction.-To show the weight

of the air, 12-To show the resistance of the air,

17-To show the elasticity of the air, 18-Mis-

cellaneous experiments

Of the condensation of the air
Experiments with condensed air

-

Of pneumatic Instruments.-The common barometer,

25 The diagonal barometer, 28-The wheel ba-

rometer, 29 The portable barometer, 30-The

thermometer, 31 The hygrometer, 33

rain-gauge, 37-The anemometer, or wind-gauge

Of winds

The weather

-

Abstract of pneumatics

HYDROSTATICS AND HYDRAULICS

HYDROSTATICS

Of the properties of fluids

Specific gravities

-

The

38

41

53

61

68

71

71

71

80

To obtain the specific gravity of bodies which sink,

and are insoluble in water, 84-To obtain the

specific gravity of bodies that swim in water, 84

To obtain the specific gravity of salts, 86-

To obtain the specific gravity of fluids, 86-

The hydrometer, 87-General remarks on taking

specific gravities, 90-Table of specific gravities,

91-Specific gravities of mixtures of spirit and

distilled water

Of the diving bell

Of the motion of water flowing out of reservoirs

The motion of water in rivers, and of waves

Of bydraulic machines.-The common, or sucking

pump, 112-The lifting pump, 114-The forcing

pump, 115-An improved pump, 116-De la Hire's

pump, 117-The screw of Archimedes, 119—

The rope pump, 121-The hydraulic bellows,

122-Siphon, 123-Steam engine

Abstract of hydrostatics and hydraulics

b

63. Vol. II.

97

98

104

109

128

145