over fences from six to eight feet high, with out any visible effort.

It is reported that elks were formerly em ployed in drawing sledges in Vesterbotten, and that the post was carried by them; but Charles IX. forbad the use of tame elks, because criminals might escape with them so easily. But whether this be true, or whe

this first rate animal is hardly found lower south than in the province of Södermanland, and seldom more northward than Helsingland: it was formerly not only more common, but it also inhabited the more southern parts of the country. During the war in Finland, in 1740, several hundreds of elks were soid from Aland, for the use of the army. Beckstein assures us, that in the ele-ther the elk is substituted for the rein-deer in venth century elks were found in Thüringen, &c.

Places where the elk lives undisturbed, and where he has a sufficiency of nourishing food and water, are called (Elgstand) Elkstands: these are law districts, marshes and bogs, where the willow, aspen, alder, sorbus, birch, &c. grow. He pulls down the branches, or tops of the trees, with his head and neck, sometimes also with his horns, while he bites off the buds and leaves, or strips off the bark: by this means the hairs under his neck are often rubbed off, and the skin is even galled and wounded. But his favourite food is the rein-deer moss, or lichen, which abounds in Sweden.

these reports, I dare not decide; though I consider the latter as more probable. It is said, that the elk can run 216 miles in twenty-four hours; but though, according to M. af Darelli's experiment, a young elk runs a mile and a half in seven minutes, it is not at all likely that he could continue to run at that rate for any length of time. He wants often to rest, and to chew the cud; he is lazy by nature, and soon gets tired when a little old. As food, tame elks prefer bread, or even fine hay; but they may be accustomed to potatoes, beer, wine, brandy, and even tobacco.

The time of union is in September. The elk then grows wild, seeks his companion every where, swims across broad lakes and rivers, and is sometimes dangerous to attack. When he is irritated, he erects and stiffens the hairs which form his mane, and those

He goes out to seek his food as well in the night as in the day, but he eats principally at morning and evening. In those woods where cattle are sent out to pasture, and where people are in the neighbourhood watch-which grow on the protuberance under his ing them, he leaves his stand only by night, and secretes himself during day in lonely places in the forest. When he is satisfied, he rests, and chews the cud. The elk cannot be without water in the summer, and during the heat of the sun he lays himself down in it, also to avoid being stung by the gad-fly, gnats, or wasps. In the winter he quenches his thirst with snow.

During summer, several of them live together; and after the bearing-time, or when the females have dropped their calves in the spring, each family is generally found together; consisting of an old mother elk, two well-grown elks, which in the succeeding autumn will attain their maturity, two others which are younger, and the two which the female has borne in the present year; never more than 15 or 20 are seen together. During the time when the sexes accompany each other, the young calves disperse for a short time, and are afterward sought by the mother.

throat, whereby his aspect becomes terrible. The female goes nine months, and generally brings two younglings of different sexes; sometimes three: the first time, however, she generally has but one, and the same when she gets old. In May she seeks solitude; she brings forth her young sometimes standing, sometimes reclined, and licks them dry. About an hour after its birth, the calf endeavours to rise on its legs, when the mother assists him with her nose after a couple of days the young follow their mother, who remains with them till then. When they get bigger they suck on their knees, or lying on their backs.

The elk defends himself not so much with the horns as with the feet: he will often so effectually strike with his fore feet, and kick with his hind legs, that neither wolf nor bear dare attack him, particularly if one of those animals meets several eliks in company.

The elk seldom exceeds 16 or 18 years of age; as that time of life the front teeth loosen, and he dies through inability to procure sufficient food, and to masticate it properly.

When the elk runs in the woods, he stretches out his head and neck, and lavs down his horns close to the sides of his neck, that they may not get entangled in the The flesh of the elk is of different qualities branches of the trees. His gait when walk-in different seasons: full grown males are ing seems rather tottering; but when he trots best in August; the females in October; on full speed, he greatly exceeds in swiftness and the calves in June, July, and August. a horse on full gallop. When he walks, or The elk is easily tamed. M. af Darelli runs, a cracking is heard, like that in the took two young ones of different sexes, for rein-deer, understood to proceed from the the purpose of experiment, and found them clapping of his hoofs together. He jumps the first year as fondling and familiar with

To this succeeded the Dutch Garden, introduced by King William III., and which prevailed in this country for half a century. It consisted of sloped terraces of grass, regular shapes of land and water formed by art, and quaintly adorned with trees in pots, or planted alternately, and clipped, to preserve the most perfect regularity of shape. These were the kind of terraces, and not those of the grand Italian style, which Brown destroyed, by endeavouring to restore the ground to its original shape.

This pedestrian statue, supported by a group of four figures, on a lofty pedestal, will be of sufficient magnitude for the breadth of the vista; though it would have been lost in the middle of so large a square. Much of the effect of this splendid ornament will depend on its back ground; for although the white pedestal may be relieved by the shrubs immediately behind it, the bronze figures should be seen opposed to the sky. This is a circumstance which I hope will be attended to in the future pruning of those trees in the grove behind it.

As this square is a subject easily referred to, and as for the first few years of its growth it will be liable to some criticism, because few are in the habit of anticipating the future effects of plantation, the intention of the plan is here inserted.

He observed that nature, distorted by great labour and expense, had lost its power of pleasing with the loss of its novelty; and that every place was now become nearly alike He saw that more variety might be introduced by copying nature, and by assisting her operations. Under his guidance a total change in the fashon of gardens took place; and as the Dutch To skrcen the broad gravel-walk from the style had superseded the Italian, so the Eng- street, a compact hedge is intended to be kept lish garden became the universal fashion. Un-clipt to about six feet high; this, composed der the great leader, Brown, or rather those who patronized his discovery, we were taught that nature was to be our only model. He lived to establish a fashion in gardening, which might have been expected to endure as long as nature should exist."

of hornbeam and privet, will become almost as impervious as a hedge of laurels, or other evergreens, which will not succeed in a London atmosphere. Within the gravel-walk is a broad margin of grass, on which the children may be kept always in sight from the windows of the houses immediately opposite; wishes of some mothers) the lawn is less cloth and for this reason, (founded on the particular

As an example of the nature of this art, and the necessity of looking beforehand to what may be, we shall give Mr. R.'sed with plantation than it might have been on account of his intentions in the laying out of Russell Square. It appears that he anticipates the time when this plan shall do him credit: we hope he will live to see the complete justification of the principles on which he has composed it.

the principle of beauty only. This circular lawn, or zone of open space, surrounds the central area, in which have been consulted the future effect of shade, and a greater degree of privacy or seclusion.

The outline of this area is formed by a walk under two rows of lime trees, regularly plantThe different character and situation of Rus-ed at equal distances, not in a perfect circle, sell Square may furnish another example. The ground of this area had all been brought to one level plain at too great an expense to admit of its being altered; and the great size of this square is in a manner lost by this insipid shape.

Equestrian statues have usually been placed in the centre of public squares, but in one of such large dimensions no common-sized object could be sufficiently distinguished: it was therefore very judiciously determined (by a committee) to place the fine Statue of the fate Duke of Bedford, now preparing by the ingenious Mr. Westmacot, on one side of the square facing Bloomsbury, and forming an appropriate perspective, as seen through the vista of the streets crossing the two squares.

was never generally adopted in England, it is purposely omitted; although in practice I have occasionally availed myself of its more massive trellis, boccages, and cabinets de verdure, to enliven the scenery of a flower garden.

but finishing towards the statue in two straight lines directed to the angle of the pedestal. It is possible that some fanciful advocates for natural gardening will object to this disposition of the trees as too formal; and they will be further shocked at my expressing a wish that the arch formed by these trees over the walk should be cut and trimmed so as to become a perfect artificial shade, forming a cloister-like walk composed of trees. For this purpose the suckers or sprays from the stems should be encouraged, to make the interior perfectly se cluded. In the due attention to the training and trimming such trees by art consists the difference between a garden and a park or forest; and no one will, I trust, contend that a public square should affect to imitate the latter.

The area inclosed within these lime trees

may be more varied; and as it will consist of four distinct compartments, that nearest the statue is proposed to be shaded by a grove of various trees, scattered with less regularity, while the other three may be enriched with flowers and shrubs each disposed in a different

manner to indulge the various tastes for regu

lar or irregular gardens; yet always bearing in

mind that the trees should not be suffered to rise too high in the line immediately behind the statue.

As from the great extent of Russell Square it is advisable to provide some seats for shade or shelter, a reposoir is proposed in the centre, with four low seats, covered with slate or canvas, to shelter from rain, and four open seats to be covered with climbing plants, trained on open lattice, to defend from the sun: these scats surround a small court-yard, to be kept łocked, in which may be sheds for gardeners' tools, and other useful

purposes.

Selections from the Works of Madame de Genlis; consisting principally of precepts, maxims, and reflections, moral, religious, and sentimental. Crown 8vo, pp. 215, with a Life of Mad. de G. pp. 17. Price 5s. bds. Cundee, London, 1806.

It is not always that works of imagination which pass uncensured in France, are admitted into good company in England: the ideas of the two nations on the morals and the delicacies of life, are often contradictory; and their customs, founded A few years hence, when the present on those ideas, are opposite of course. patches of shrubs shall have become thickets, Very seldom can we recommend the when the present meagre rows of trees shall whole of a French tale, without excep have become an umbrageous avenue, and the tion, however we may approve, or even children now in their nurses' arms shall have admire, individual parts of it. We perbecome the parents or grandsires of future ge-ceive, therefore, an advantage in forming nerations, this square may serve to record, that the Art of Landscape Gardening in the beginning of the nineteenth century was not directed by whim or caprice, but founded on a due consideration of utility as well as beauty, without a bignated adherence to forms and lines, whether straight, or crooked, or serpentine.

selections from the works of popular French authors: in which those passages which are excellent may be combined, while those which are censurable may be omitted. It is true, that such fragments must always be very defective; they to tally forego the connection, the progress, A New Pocket Atlas and Geography of interest of a story; they therefore, must the termination, and unquestionably the England and Wales, illustrated with fifty-five copper plates, shewing all the not be considered as even attempting to great post roads with the towns and vil- do justice to the skill of the original author, or to present any adequate evilages situated thereon, also a description of the Air, Soil, Productions and dence of his merit. They must be acManufactories, as well as the number cepted as, what they profess to be, Seof Hundreds, Cities, Boroughs, Mar-lections only and if judiciously excuted ket-towns, Parishes, Houses, and In- they have, at least, the merit of amusing habitants. By John Luffman, without tiring the reader. Geog. pocket size, price 7s. 6d. plain, 10s. 6d. coloured. Lackington and Co. London.

1806.

THIS title fully describes the contents of the work. The author assures us that he has consulted the best authorities. On examining the pages of the work itself, we find them composed of, a plate printed by way of head piece, at the top of the page; and letter press description below it. We must confess, that the plates are in our opinion, too small; they too much resemble watch papers; nor can we, without recourse to our very best spectacles, distinguish their contents. They might have been twice as large, and more distinct, on the same page, had a little dexterity been employed in managing the letter press. They are neatly executed; but are on different scales. There is a general map, not ill-thought, at the end."

:

With respect to the work before us, it appears to be well executed; we have not observed in it any thing deserving of blame; but believe it is a fair selection from the works of Mad. de G. Those of thinking, and style of writing, will be who are pleased with the French manner volume to their libraries. As a specimen gratified by adding this neatly printed we quote the following article on travelling, and the manner of writing travels. We could be glad if some of our modern tourists would follow the advice of this lively and sensible French female.

A traveller is always interesting when he is neither self-sufficient nor loquacious. The veracity of great talkers is justly questioned. A traveller who takes delight in relating his adventures, lays himself open to great suspicion; and as he cannot excite curiosity but by inspiring confidence, he can attain this two-fold object only by displaying simplicity,