of the interior of a Suffolk's yeoman's household at the end of the last century, which those who have not read should read at once, and those who have read will be glad to read again. I quote the following passage for the sake of the word at the head of this note, which is no longer used, and has been commonly misunderstood

"If the sacred apartments had not been opened, the family dined on this wise; the heads seated in the kitchen at our old table; the farm-men standing in the adjoining scullery, door open-the female servants at a side table, called a bouter; with the principals, at the table, perchance some travelling rat-catcher, or tinker, or farrier, or an occasional gardener in his shirt-sleeves, his face streaming with perspiration."

That bouter is nothing more than boulter will be apparent from the accompanying extract from a letter written by Francis Capper Brooke, of Ufford, to Edward Fitzgerald, of Woodbridge, only four days before the death of the latter :

"An old inhabitant of Parham says that a 'Bouter Table' is a Table fitted with a sieve through which flour is sifted, and having drawers underneath to receive that flour. It was an ordinary piece of furniture in old houses. An old carpenter in Ufford adds that the ground wheat was put into it, without having any bran detached from the rough mass."

WILLIAM ALDIS WRIGHT. Trinity College, Cambridge.

Queries.

We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct,

'RANTING, ROARING WILLIE.'-In an interesting note from K., Arbroath, in 'N. & Q.,' 2nd S. v. 186, a version of the above was given which had been obtained from a lady well versed in the ballad literature of the district in which she was born, and who had had it recalled to her memory by seeing one of Halliwell's Nursery Rhymes.' I have lately received a version identically the same, which is said to have been current about Bellingham in Northumberland, and to have been taken down viva voce; and I am very anxious to know if the version given by K. also came from Northumberland, or whether it was known in any other district. W. E. L.

Jos. SIDNEY HORTON.-I wish to ask who this person was. I find his name written on the back of the frames of two water-colour portraits, and do not know whether he was the artist or the subject. The portraits are of men in Eastern dress, and have titles written under each in faded ink: "Admiral Pacha," ""Reis Effeindi." The robes are very voluminous, and are trimmed with fur; the one is red and the other blue; the turbans are quite different in fashion. The face in each case

BOLOGNIAN ENIGMA.

Can any reader of 'N. & Q.' inform me whether any solution of the well-known Bolognian enigma, "Elia Lælia Crispis," &c., has ever been generally accepted; and, if so, what such solution is; or whether the enigma still remains unsolved? W. G.

THE GREAT FEAST OF ST. GEORGE.-Will any one tell me where I can find description, and especially pictures, of entertainment given by Edw. III. in 1358 to the King of France, &c.?

WILLEM S. LOGEMAN.

Newton School, Rock Ferry.

JUBILEE OF GEORGE III.

-Why was this jubilee kept at the expiration of forty-nine years of his reign? Surely the meaning of fifty years of jubilee is the completion of fifty years. EDWARD R. VYVYAN.

there. His name occurs in that most valuable ediMARSON OF HOLBORN.-I suppose a bookseller tion of the Tatler by Nichols, 1786. At vol. v. p. 428, in an account of John Partridge, the almanac-maker, the editor says he has compiled the memoir from old almanacs annotated with many curious notes in MS., and that Mr. Marsom lent them for the purpose of drawing up the account "in three score volumes or more.' Are they still together in any collection and known to the curious?

C. A. WARD.

WEST.-Who was the "old West, who I believe is now at Chelsea," mentioned in the Tatler, No. 87? G. A. A.

LEE, KING OF THE GIPSIES.-Will any one kindly inform me whether there is truth in the rumour that one Lee, a gipsy king, lies buried in the churchyard of Harrow-on-the-Hill? This was told to my father more than fifty years ago, and perhaps refers to many years previous to that time. No stone or rail exists to his memory, and I do not believe the register records his burial.

A. R. THOROLD WINCKLEY.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

MACKENZIE'S MANUSCRIPT BARONAGE OF SCOTLAND.-I should feel obliged if any of your readers could inform me the date of compilation of Sir George Mackenzie's manuscript baronage of Scotland; and where or in what library it may be P. GRAY.

seen.

9, Bell Street, Dundee.

PRE-EXISTENCE.—I shall be obliged to any of

"An Act of Parliament passed in this session [1839, apparently] for preventing the administration and taking of unlawful oaths in Ireland......provided

"That this exemption shall not extend to any such Society or Lodge......under the denomination of a Lodge of Freemasons, or Society of Friendly Brothers of the said Order,' &c."

any references in Western literatures to the idea of pre-existence or reincarnation, either in prose or poetry, passages in the works of prominent authors containing this thought, incidents confirming it, or poetical expressions of it (like Wordsworth's 'Intimations of Immortality'). E. D. WALKER. Harper & Brothers' Editorial Rooms, Franklin Square, New York.

ence.

Friendly Brothers are unknown to English Freemasonry of the present day. I should be glad to have some information concerning them.

E. S. N. 'LA RUSSIE JUIVE.'-In the most curious and important book lately published in Paris, 'La Russie Juive' (by the late Calixt de Wolski), I find mentioned, p. 3, a" Compte-rendu des Événements Politico-Historiques survenus dans les Dix Dernières Années (from 1864 to 1874, I believe). No other description. This work I have never been able to discover in Paris. Could any of your readers afford a satisfying indication of it? C. DE R. Paris,

SCOTLAND AND LIBERALISM.-The Indépendence Belge of Oct. 30, 1885, had a notice of a book which had just appeared in London, in which a good many people attempted to answer the arduous question Why am I a Liberal?" One answer, it observed, was given from Edinburgh, "I am a Liberal because I am a Scotchman"; to which L'Indépendence added the remark, "Ce qui est la contre-partie du dicton: Vous devez être Ecossais, puisque vous êtes libéral."

Can any of your readers explain the meaning or existence of this dicton? To what age is it due? The word Liberal, in its technical and political sense, seems to have arisen in France not much earlier than 1830, and during the last fifty years Scotland has been popularly known abroad rather through Sir

the word.

E. COBHAM Brewer.

SIEGE OF BOLTON: HORRIDGE.-Where can the best account be found of the siege of Bolton-leMoors and the defence of Lathom House at the period of the Great Rebellion? Does the name Horridge occur in connexion with either of these events? J. B.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY TENOR BELL.-There is a puzzle connected with this which I should like to put before the readers of 'N. & Q.,' in the hope of some one suggesting a solution.

To state the problem I must first travel eastward, to the church of St. Michael, Cornhill. In or about 1430 William Rus, citizen and goldsmith, gave this church a new tenor bell, which was named "Rus," after him. (It may be that the gift was prompted by the fact that he was descended from a family of bell-founders.) By his last will, seven or eight years later, he founded and endowed himself, his wife Isabella, and (inter alia) John a chantry at St. Michael's, to pray for the souls of Whitewell, "his master," i. e., the goldsmith to whom he had been apprenticed, and, I think, whose daughter he had married.

The bell lasted till 1587, when, being cracked, it was recast by Lawrence Wright, a bell-founder, whose commercial morality was not of the highest order. The work was a failure; and in the following year the bell had to be again recast, this time by Robert Mot, of Whitechapel. The result was

order was very different from the one called, after him, Augustine, or Augustinian. The Augustines were governed by rules, said to be those of St. Augustine, but in reality the work of several Popes, notably Pope Alexander IV. They were called "Black Canons," and according to Fuller were established in England in 1105. For particulars of the order and the pretended rules of St. Augustine see Hook's Church Dictionary (art."Augustines"), seventh edition, pp. 71 and 72. E. PARTINGTON.

Manchester.

1. "The foundation of the order was......confidently referred to St. Augustine of Nippo (Catholic Dictionary,' Addis and Arnold, p. 56).

But the article seems to assert without reason.

2. "Premonstratensians" were commonly called in England "White Canons," from their white habit. They were founded by St. Norbert in 1119 at Prémontré, in the forest of Coucy, near Laon. 4. "Black Canons" are Augustinian Canons. "Black Friars" (not Monks) are Dominicans. "Canons Regular" are Augustinian Canons.

6. "Trinitarians" were founded at Rome in 1198 by St. John of Matha and St. Felix of Valois. The rule was that of St. Austin.

BUNHILL FIELDS AND THE CROMWELL FAMILY (7th S. iii. 268, 413).—To any reader of 'N. & Q.' interested in Bunhill Fields, and who may have been puzzled by my stating that I found Dr. Rippon's copies of inscriptions at the British Museum, while at the same time MR. ROBERTS BROWN writes that they are preserved in the library of Heralds' College, I would say that we are both right. The British Museum volumes contain the inscriptions-apparently the original notes made on the ground-from A to P, with the exception of H. Those from Q to Z, not being at Great Russell Street, may be with the Heralds, or there may be a complete transcript at the College; but as to this, on inquiring there, I failed to obtain information because I was unwilling to pay five shillings for it. At the British Museum, besides the inscriptions pasted into the large volumes, the names arranged alphabetically but not extending beyond letter P, there is a small book containing inscriptions, apparently copies of original notes,

also in alphabetical order, and extended beyond P, but not, I think, complete; in it, however, was an epitaph for which I searched, the name commencing with T.

In regard to the Cromwells, I wish to convey my thanks to MR. CROMWELL RUSSELL for the information he imparts in reply to my inquiry. I have visited the tombs (two altar tombs, standing about three yards apart), on one of which the inscriptions are yet partly, but very faintly, visible. On the smaller tomb, that which was found seven feet underground and restored to its position by the City Corporation, the inscription is entirely gone. It is here MR. CROMWELL RUSSELL says that the old lady who died at Ponder's End in 1813 and her daughter Susan, the last of the Cromwells, were buried, and this is evident from the absence of their names on the other tomb, which only had Dr. Rippon's notice, although, as Susan Cromwell was buried in 1834, it is difficult to believe that her tomb was out of sight before 1836, when Dr. Rippon died. Henry Cromwell" has been inscribed on the tomb reinstated by the Corporation; "Richard Cromwell his vault" appears on the other, recently cut. The "Henry Cromwell" was, I should think, Richard's brother; he died unmarried in 1769, æt. seventyone. MR. CROMWELL RUSSELL appears to think the vault was that of Major Henry Cromwell, father of the above brothers; but in that case the wife of the major (he himself died and was buried at Lisbon) would most probably have been buried in it, whereas she was consigned to her son Richard's another brother, Thomas (husband of the old lady tomb, as the inscription on it states. of Ponder's End, and who died sixty-five years before her), buried in Bunhill Fields in 1748; his tomb is no longer to be found, but Dr. Rippon has preserved the inscription; he was buried with bis first wife and her parents, whose name was Tidman.

There was

I may be allowed to add that a nice little guidebook or History of the Bunhill Fields Burying Ground,' published this year, is to be obtained from the very civil keeper of the ground; it contains a plan and some good sketches of the principal tombs. In the account there is an interesting quotation from the diary of a lady who had seen Dr. Rippon at work, "laid down upon his side between two graves, and writing out the epitaphs word for word. He had an inkhorn in his buttonhole, and a pen and book," &c. A veritable "Old Mortality," as the writer of the account calls him, "dwelling much among these tombs, and doing a work for which his memory ought to be kept for ever fresh and green." Finally the worthy Dr. Rippon was himself laid to rest among the graves on the record of which he had bestowed so much patient labour. He died in 1836, in his eighty-sixth year. W. L. RUTTON.