Stuttgart. Merian spells it thus in a famous quotation: "Im Fall dass man die Weintrauben ringsweiss umb Stuckgart nicht abläse, die Statt im Wein ersaufen würde." EDWARD R. VYVYAN.

BARONESS BELLASIS OF OSGODBY, LINCOLN SHIRE, 1674 (6th S. xi. 188; 7th S. iii. 418, 477).CUTHBERT BEDE will find a portrait of Susan Armine, Lady Bellasis, at Hampton Court, where it is mistakenly called Lady Byron. The almost entire absence of beauty confirms this assumption, which is the opinion of both Virtue and Walpole. She obtained a promise of marriage from James II. when Duke of York, after the death of Anne Hyde; she is said to have been his mistress. He procured for her the title of Baroness Bellasis of Osgodby for life, she having been the heiress of the Armines of that place. He also persuaded her to become a Roman Catholic. She was the second wife of Sir Henry Bellasis, son of John, Lord Bellasis, and nephew of the Earl of Fauconberg, Cromwell's sonin-law. She died in 1713, having in middle life married one Fortrey, a "gentleman of fortune." WILLIAM DEANE.

Hintlesham Rectory, Ipswich, If your correspondents had taken the trouble to consult 'The Complete Peerage,' now being edited by G. E. C., and published in the Genealogist, they would have found the date of death and place of burial of the above lady.

ALFRED SCOTT GATTY, York Herald.

TO RALLY (7th S. iii. 126).—It may not be too late to give a quotation of this word older than Mr. Goschen's address, but used in the same

"NOM DE PLUME" (7th S. iii. 348).-As after a lapse of several weeks no reply has been sent to MR. BOUCHIER'S interesting inquiry, I will make a reference to a statement which appeared in the Athenæum of April 19, 1884, p. 505, on the subject, in which it is positively stated that the expression is an entirely English invention. As this is only signed by an anonymous "French Journalist," it does not seem absolutely satisfactory. On the other hand, during a lapse of nearly three years it appears to have remained uncontradicted. Nevertheless it seems to me to be too good to be true that an English person should have hit on so serviceable an expression in a foreign language, and one that has certainly been found serviceable by the French. I have not had the opportunity since the query

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the Athenæum tries to poke fun at English people The writer of the anonymous communication to who dabble in French, and though he gives one instance which is funny enough, he will hardly find support in calling "wagonette an unjustifiable application of a French termination. His other and "leaderette," are instances, "leatherette stances of misuse of French words and phrases by unknown to me. No doubt there are many inEnglish writers, though hardly so many, nor such absurd ones, as are to be found in the attempted adoption of English words by French people N. & Q.,' 7th S. i. 451; ii. 430); but I cannot these; on the contrary, it must be reckoned one think nom de plume can be set down as one of of those happy hits which only a foreigner sometimes has the luck to light upon ('N. & Q.,' 6th S. vi. 297), and the writer quite misappreciates it in treating it as a misnomer for nom de guerre, as there is a pronounced nuance of difference between the two designations. R. H. BUSK.

ARABELLA CHURCHILL (7th S. iii. 508).—Is it not written in the book of the chronicles of 'N. & Q.' (5th S. iv. 488; v. 14) that the name of Arabella Churchill's youngest child was also Arabella, and that she died at Pontoise, Nov. 7, 1704, aged thirty? C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. The Cottage, Fulbourn, Cambridge,

ARMS OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE PRIOR TO 1581 (7th S. iii. 495).-Is it likely that Sir Francis Drake was entitled to bear arms prior to 1581 ? In Prince's Worthies of Devon' it is stated that "his father was a minister," and in a note at the end of the article it is stated that "in a recent Baronetage the father of Sir Francis Drake is said, but without any authority being cited for it, to have been a sailor, by name Edmond Drake." In Prince's 'Life' of Sir Bernard Drake is the following account of the bestowal of arms on Sir Francis:

"About this time it was, that there fell out a contrast between Sir Bernard, and the immortal Sir Francis Drake; chiefly occasioned by Sir Francis, his assuming Sir Bernard's coat of arms, not being able to make out his descent from his family, a matter in those days, when the court of honor was in more honor, not so easily digested. The feud hereupon encreased to that degree, that Sir Bernard, being a person of a high spirit, gave Sir Francis a box on the ear; and that within the verge of the court. For which offence he incurr'd her Majesty's displeasure; and most probably, it prov'd the occasion of the Queen's bestowing upon Sir Francis Drake, a new coat of everlasting honor, to himself and posterity for ever; which hath relation to that glorious action of his, the circumnavigating the world: which is thus em

Yorkshire, London, and Sussex; so early as 1135 in Yorkshire. The branch which settled in Jamaica came from Sussex, where they owned a good deal of land, and the present representatives descend from Henry Lawrence, the president, through John (not Sir John), one of his younger sons, who emigrated to that island after the Restoration. B. F. SCARLETT.

"And so became possessed, in 31 Hen. VII.," &c. As Henry VII. only reigned twenty-four years, i. e., 1485-1509, I wish to ask MR. GOODRIDGE where the 31 Hen. VII. comes in?

he gives us in the beginning of his work an epitome of the geography of the world, as men then understood it, which, though almost entirely a compilation from other books which have come down to us, gives an interesting picture of what men in the fourteenth century thought our world was like. In the second, Higden has had the good fortune to be translated into English by two different persons. John Trevisa, the Cornishman, who became chaplain to Thomas, Lord Berkeley, who died in 1416, and another unknown author. Both these English writers have made some additions to the text that was consists in the good prose style which they wrote. It before them, but the value of their labours mainly now

was believed that eight volumes would be sufficient to contain the whole of the three texts of the 'Polychronicon,' but John Malverne's Latin continuation has been discovered. This hitherto unknown document, with the glossary and indices, compose the volume before us. Malverne's chronicle does not add any facts of first-class importance to the knowledge which we those who endeavour to write history accurately will already possess, but it is full of minute touches which know how to value. Some of his statements must have been made, we think, on insufficient information. Wat Tyler is called John, not Walter, and Ball, the fanatical preacher, figures as Balne. This latter may possibly be the correct form. Surnames were in a fluent condition in those days. Men who had the luxury of possessing one were careless as to spelling so long as the sound was nearly right; but the Christian name was a sacred thing, in which no error was likely to occur. In the war with Scotland, in 1384, we are told that the Duke of Lancaster saved the Abbey of Melrose and the city of Edinburgh from destruction. If this be true, it casts a favourable light on the character of one of whom modern historians have been but too ready to think evil. There are many horrible details as to the cruelties practised upon a Carmelite friar, who had brought charges, which we do not doubt were without foundation, against the duke. The varied tortures the wretch underwent are too horrible to think of. If the duke was really privy to what was being done, his worst enemies could not give him too bad a character. We believe, however, that he was not aware of these horrors until it was too late to intervene. We are told that the duke was displeased when he heard of what had taken place, but not until the unhappy Carmelite "ab hac instabili luce migravit et in pace quievit." Nearly one-half of this volume is occupied by the glossary to the whole of the nine volumes and the indices. These latter we have not tested, but we have carefully examined the glossary. It seems to be as nearly perfect as such a work can be. Readers who have the advantage of possessing the book on their own shelves will do well to consult it whenever the modern dictionaries are at fault as to a medieval English word. Unless we are much mistaken, there are

not a few words to be met with here which have not hitherto found their way into any dictionary whatsoever. We wonder how many of our readers are aware that there were base and spurious coins called "rosaries." The Latin of Higden's text is "rosarios," which Du Fresne explains as "monetæ adulterinæ." We wish some one would be more explicit, and tell us exactly what these deceitful coins were like. Had they a rose or a string of prayer beads on them?

The Family of Brocas of Beaurepaire and Roche Court. With some Account of the English Rule in Aquitaine. By Montague Burrows, Capt. R.N., M.A., F.S.A. (Longmans & Co.)

THIS is one of the most interesting family histories ever published, and it was indeed fortunate that the chest

containing these deeds came into the hands of one so fitted to bring them before the public in the manner they deserve. The beginning of the preface is more like the opening of a novel than the introduction to a work of antiquarian value. We are told that a chest of English oak, made some time in the fifteenth century, was discovered, containing "some six hundred deeds and papers, commencing with the De Roches' property in 1271, taking up that of the De Brocas in 1320, proceeding continuously through the ages till the Gardiners succeeded to the Brocas estates, and ending abruptly enough in 1782." It is impossible to estimate too highly the value of a find of this kind, nor can we, in such a limited space, do justice to the way in which the work of arranging and putting in order these deeds has been done.

Prof. Burrows has been unwearied in his endeavours to trace out the whole history of each member of the family of De Brocas, and Boswell himself never took more pains to record every fact in the life of his hero than have been taken to verify and make out the smallest details about the most obscure member of this great house. Castles, tombs, monumental brasses, churches, houses, plans, and seals are all engraved, so that we may, in so far as it be possible, see what manner of men the De Brocases were. There are no fewer than twentyfour seals engraved, some of them most curious specimens of early art. One, the seal of Elys de Ruede, 1334, is a wonderfully beautiful thing, and looks as if it might have been impressed on the wax but yesterday. It is almost needless to state that every authority that is quoted has the reference given, so that all may verify the facts for themselves. There is, however, one statement that we should much like to be able to gain more information about. Prof. Burrows is speaking of Sir Pexil Brocas (p. 222), who died in 1630, and he says of him: "He exhibited his love of a jest as much as his vanity in retaining a professional jester, said to be the last case of the sort in any English private family." What is the authority for this? We do not doubt the statement, but we should like to be able to prove it. The portrait of this jester is still preserved, and some one of a later generation has inscribed it with the words, "Hodge, Jester to Sir Pexil Brocas, of Beaurepaire." We wish very much that it had been engraved for this book. Prof. Burrows says: "It is the face of a rough, humorous fellow, something like an old-fashioned innkeeper." To turn from the merely family history to the part of the book that gives an account of the English rule in Aquitaine. Here we get a stirring picture of the events that make the reign of Edward III. one of the most glorious on record. It was a great and terrible loss for this country that the Black Prince did not live to carry on the work so grandly begun. Prof. Burrows says that his death and that of Henry V. caused the most bitter feelings of disappointment and distress that England has ever felt. With the exception of that of Cromwell, whose death brought absolute chaos, no other deaths have ever had such evil effects on the country, so far as we can judge. Those persons who delight in working out the answers to questions such as, What would have been the effect on the kingdom had Edward VI. lived?-may, perhaps, be able to tell us which of the two caused the greatest unhappiness to the country. We are not able to give an opinion on such a complex matter. We can only add that we are sure that all of us who have any feeling of reverence for the past will delight in this account of the Brocas family.

The Dictionary of Religion. Edited by the Rev. William Benham, B.D., F.S.A. (Cassell & Co.)

THIS work was begun by the late Rev. J. H. Blunt, and completed by the present editor. It serves admirably

a special purpose. There is, of course, no finality; and a book such as this is capable of almost indefinite extension. The standpoint from which the various articles are written is, as was to be supposed, that of the Church of England. Very judicious steering is, of course, necessary. Reference, however, to such lives as Pusey, Stanley, Colenso, Wesley, and to such even more dangerous headings as "Eternal Punishment," shows that the whole is written with tact and right feeling. Some questions sent to 'N. & Q.' might be avoided by a reference to these pages.

London Life seen with German Eyes. By Wilhelm F. Brand. (Field & Tuer.) It is always edifying to read what foreigners say of us. Mr. Brand writes goodnaturedly, and displays some acuteness of vision. For English readers, however, his book is too charged with statistics. When, however, à propos to dinner parties, we read that the special English soups are ox-tail, mulligatawny, and cayenne, and that the heavy sherry which accompanies them is of the information is not, to say the least, out of date. chiefly manufactured in Liverpool," we marvel if some

Howard's Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica an elaMR. BURKE, Somerset Herald, is compiling for Dr. borate pedigree of the Darwin family. Many valuable documents have been lent by members of the family, which will enable the compiler to make this important genealogy most complete. It will be illustrated with woodcuts of signatures, including those of Sir Francis Darwin, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, Charles Darwin, Josiah Wedgwood, and many others. A few copies will be struck off on quarto paper for private circulation.

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

MANIGETZ.-The World Displayed' is a collection of voyages and travels selected from writers of all nations. It was published in 20 vols., Lond., 1759 et seq., with a preface by Dr. Samuel Johnson. A third edition, also in 20 vols., appeared in 1767, and a fourth in 1774.

LELAND NOEL ("Origin of the Name of Waverley"). -As to Scott's choice of this word, and its association with Waverley Abbey, near Farnham, see 3rd S. v. 176.

J. M. DONOVAN.-The heir apparent in such a case would be the eldest son of the Prince of Wales.