their parents, they are bound to obey them, but this obligation ceases with the state of dependence.

What are the duties of children towards their parents?

Children so long as they are dependent must respect their parents as superiors and benefactors, and repay the attachment and tender cares they have received, with interest, during the term of their lives. The child when born is indebted to parental love for the very continuance of its life, and old age has frequent occasion for the aids of filial piety and affection. What are the duties of a husband?

He ought to have a trade or profession, to procure food and clothing for himself and his family, which he is to watch over and protect, and also to have a portion of his time at the command of the public service.

What are the duties of a wife?

To take care of the interior of the house, and to arrange all matters connected with the domestic economy; to instruct the boys in the rudiments of learning, and to educate the girls entirely.

What are the principal virtues of Attachment?

Society, Friendship, and Patrial love.

Is Society, or the social state, an institution of nature?

Man is no where found solitary; he is at the least one of a family; families unite and form tribes, and these compose nations.

Can society, of itself, be said to produce virtues or vices?

Society is the consequence of an innate primary faculty, and social virtues and social vices, as they are called, result from its combinations with other fundamental powers. The institutions destined to direct mankind in their actions are and will continue to be the principal causes of their virtues and of their vices, so long as internal motives, sufficient to induce the practice of morality, independently of all enactments, shall not be experiencd.

Is Patrial love commanded by natural morality?

Natural morality recognizes no one species of exclusive love as a supreme law; love of na

tive land is admitted, but still as subordinate to universal love. Partiality is an attribute of the animal nature, General Love of proper humanity alone.

Wherein lies the difference between Conjugal love, Family love, Fraternal love, and Patrial love?

Each kind depends on the faculty of Attachment combined with other and different powers. Attachment with the sexual propensity begets conjugal love, with love of offspring family love; the love of a fraternity is based upon an attachment with success in particular views or plans, and the love of native country on an attachment extended to the land of our birth, to its manners and mode of living, to the men speaking the same language, governed by the same laws as ourselves,&c.

What is the direction of Attachment which is conformable to natural morality, and, consequently, positively Virtuous?

That which is bestowed on those who submit to the laws of the Creator.

And what direction of Attachment is vicious? That which is not given agreeable to natural morality.

Are there any positive codes that exact attachment in conformity with natural morality.

Yes; the Indian system of morals, and the code of Jesus command us to know as brothers and as sisters those only who do the will of God.

Is resistance of attack, or self-defence, permitted by natural morality?

Courage is a primary faculty of human nature, and its proper employment a virtue. Such a power, in the order of things, was indispensable to individual preservation and well being. It is a frequent means in procuring aliment, it enables us to overcome obstacles, and is even useful in maintaining peace.

Is personal courage assisted by muscular strength?

So much so, that several philosophers have conceived it a result of this. Courage, however, is the appanage of no particular degree of muscularity or bodily power.

Is Courage in itself either Virtue or Vice? Ancient philosophers ranked it as one of the four cardinal Virtues, but in itself Courage is neither Virtue nor Vice; one or other of these

titles it gains according to its just or unjust employment.

When is Courage a Virtue?

When it is displayed in conformity with natural morality.

And when is Courage a Vice?

When it aids the animal nature against that which is peculiarly human.

What are the chief Vices of Courage?

War of aggression; Quarelsomeness; Love of Fighting and of witnessing Combats between animals or men, Dispute, Contention, &c.

What employment of Courage deserves to be praised and rewarded?

Such as favors natural morality is alone commendable, is alone worthy of reward. What is the right which man through his propensity to destroy?

possesses

It is that of killing other animals for the sake of their flesh. Violent death is one of Nature's enactments, and man has that in his constitution which originates the law.

Has man a title to torment animals in any way whatever?

No; his moral part forbids all cruel amuse