ame, in 1789, to New-York, where she esta-ake, in Oxfordshire, he was seized with a sudlished a seminary for young ladies, which was den fit while administering the sacrament at the extensively useful. She was a rare example of communion-table, by the bursting of a vessel in piety and active benevolence. She died in 1814. his brain, in 1776, and died the next morning. GRAIN, John Baptiste le, a French historian,This death was similar to that of the cardinal born in 1565, died in 1643. de Berulle.

GRAINDORGE, Andrew, a physician and phi- GRANGER, Gideon, a native of Connecticut, losopher of the Epicurean sect; he died in 1676. he graduated at Yale college in 1787, and was GRAINGER, Dr. James, a physician and poet, soon after admitted to the bar of his native born at Dunse, in Scotland, about 1723, died at state, where he practised law with considerable St. Christopher's, in the West Indies, 1767. He reputation. He was appointed postmaster-gewas author of several medical tracts, wrote an neral of the United States, in 1801, and retained excellent poem on the "Sugar Cane," and ano-the office until 1814, after which he removed to ther on "Solitude," and published a good trans-New-York, and was chosen a member of the lation of "Tibullus." senate of that state; he died in 1822.

GRAMAYE, John Baptist, provost of Arnheim; he wrote a history of Africa, and died in

1635.

GRANT, Francis, lord Cullen, an eminent lawyer and judge, of Scotland, died in 1726, universally respected.

GRANT, Patrick, a Scotch judge, who wrote against the rebellion; he died in 1762. GRANVILLE, George, viscount Lansdowne,

GRAMMOND, Gabriel, lord of, president of the parliament of Toulouse, and author of the history of Lewis XIII.; he died in 1654. GRAMONT. There were three French no-an eminent English poet, born in Devonshire

bles of this name, who distinguished themselves by "Memoirs of the reigns of Lewis XIII. and XIV.," and died at the latter end of the 17th, or beginning of the 18th century.

GRANBY, Marquis of, a celebrated English general, born in 1720, died in 1770.

GRANCOLAS, John, doctor of the Sorbonne, and author of some works; he died in 1732. GRAND, Antony le, a Cartesian philosopher, of the 17th century, author of some historical treatises.

GRAND,Joachim le, a French political writer, much esteemed at the court of Lewis XIV.; he died in 1733.

GRAND, Mark Antony le, a French actor, whose comedies were received with applause; he died in 1728.

in 1667, died in 1735. Having vainly endeavoured to get employment in arms, for the defence of James II., to whose cause he was warmly attached, he passed the course of king William's reign in private life, enjoying the company of his muse, which he employed in celebrating the reigning beauties of that age, as Waller, whom he strove to imitate, had done those of the preceding. We have also several dramatic pieces of his, which were all well received.

GRAPALDUS, Francis Marius, a native of Parma, so distinguished as an ambassador to the pope, that Julius II., crowned him with his own hand.

GRAS, Anthony le, an ecclesiastic of Paris, who translated C. Nepos; he died in 1761.

GRAS, James le, an advocate of Rouen, who va-translated Hesiod into French verse, in the 17th century.

GRAND, Lewis, a doctor of the Sorbonne, born at Luzigni, in Autun; he wrote some luable theological works, and died in 1780. GRAND, Peter le, a captain of a Dieppe privateer, famous for his courage.

GRASWINCKEL, Theodore, a native of Delft, eminent as a lawyer, and a man of letters; GRANDET, Joseph, a French priest, of An-he vindicated the Venetians against the duke gers, of great amiableness; he wrote several of Savoy, and died in 1666. volumes of biography, and died in 1724.

GRATAROLUS, William, a learned physiGRANDI, Francis Lewis, a native of Cremo-cian, of Basil, wrote many books, and died in na, professor of philosophy at Florence, &c., he wrote various niathematical works, and died in 1742.

1562.

GRATIAN, one of the most virtuous of the Roman emperors, son of Valentinian, born in GRANDIER,Urban, curate and canon of Lou-359, was assassinated by rebels in 383. don, in France, famous as a martyr to the superstitious belief of magic; being burnt alive on a charge of having bewitched several Ursuline nuns of Loudon. He was born at Bouvere, near Sabie, and suffered in 1634.

GRANDIN, Martin, a doctor of the Sorbonne, and author of a system of theology, died in 1691.

GRANDIUS, Guido, a mathematician, of Cremona, translated Euclid into Italian, and died in 1742.

GRANDUET, Charles, a French actor, who played with success.

GRATIAN, a private soldier, raised to the throne of Britain, in 407; he reigned 4 months.

GRATIAN, a monk of Tuscany, in the 12th century; he was employed 24 years in reconciling the contradictory canons one to another. GRATIANI, Jerome, an Italian of the 17th century; he wrote, Conquest of Grenada, &c. GRATIUS, Fa!iscus, an eminent Latin poet, supposed to have been cotemporary with Ovid. We have the fragment of a poem of his on hunting, called "Cynegeticon."

GRATIUS, Ortuinus, a learned German, who wrote several works; he died in 1542.

GRANET, Francis, a French writer, highly GRATTAN, Right Hon. Henry, a statesman, spoken of by Abbe de Fontaine; he died in 1741. and an orator, born in Dublin, about 1750. He GRANGE, Joseph de Chancel, a French wri- was bred to the bar, but relinquished that proter, who was imprisoned and exiled for writing fession for the senate. He was elected into the against Philip, duke of Orleans; he died in 1758. Irish parliament in 1775, and by his powerful GRANGE, Nicolas, an able writer, who trans-eloquence obtained for his country a participaiated Lucretius, Seneca, &c.; he died in 1775. tion in the commerce of Britain: for which he GRANGER, James, a learned and ingenious was rewarded with a vote of 50,000l. He was English divine, author of a very valuabie work the active and vigilant leader of the opposition, In 4 vols., 4to, under the title of "A Biographi- till the Union, which measure he resisted with cal History of England." When vicar of Ship-all his power. In the British parliament he

GREAVES, John, an eminent mathematiciar

chiefly exerted his talents in advocating the Catholic claims, to which cause he fell a mar-and antiquary, born at Colmore, Hants, in 1602, tyr, by leaving Ireland in an exhausted state of published several learned works, and died in health, to carry to England the petition with 1652. which he had been intrusted. He died soon after his arrival, May 14, 1820, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

GRAUNT, John, a well known author of "Observations on the Bills of Mortality," born in London, in 1620, died in 1674.

GRAUNT, Edward, a learned man, head of Westminster school, died in 1601.

GRAVELOT, Henry Francis Bourguignon, a very famous engraver, born at Paris, in 1690, died in 1773.

GRECOURT, John Baptist Joseph Villart de, a French poet, who became a favourite of men of wit and rank; he died in 1743.

GREEN, Robert, a dramatic author in queen Elizabeth's reign, born in 1550. He was a man of great wit and humour, but in the life that he led prostituted great talents to the purposes of vice and obscenity; and upon the whole, both in theory and practice, seems to have been a most perfect libertine. His works of different kinds are very numerous; many of them are GRAVEROL, Francis a French advocate, pastoral romances in prose and verse. His drahe wrote Sorberiana, and died in 1694. matic pieces, amounting to four or five, may be GRAVES, Thomas Lord, a gallant British ad-seen in the "Biographia Dramatica;" he died miral, born at Tlanckes, in Cornwall, died in 1592. One of his biographers says of him in 1802. that his works contain the seeds of virtue, while

GRAVES, Richard, 52 years rector of Cla-his acts display the tares of folly. verton, near Bath, was born at Mickleton, in GREEN, Matthew, an ingenious English poet, Gloucestershire, in 1715; at the age of 16 he born in 1696, of a good family among the diswas chosen a scholar of Pembroke College,senters; held an office in the custom-house of Oxford; and in 1736 elected a fellow of All London, and died in 1737. His poems were first Souls. He was presented to the living of Cla-collected and published in 12mo, in 1796. The verton, in 1750; and from that time to his death most celebrated of them is entitled" The Spleen," in 1804, never absented himself a single month in which (says Mr. Melmouth) "there are more at any one time: thus setting an example worthy original thoughts thrown together, than I have the approbation and imitation of all clergymen.ever read in the same compass of lines. Mr. Graves was the intimate friend and corres- GREEN, Dr. Maurice, an eminent musician pondent of Shenstone, as well as of many other and composer, who was successively organist literary characters, and was author of an inge- and composer to the Royal Chapel, professor nious satirical novel, called "The Spiritual of music in the university of Cambridge, and Quixotte;" besides a dramatic piece, essays, and master of the royal band. About 1750, he conmany poems, translations, and sermons on vari-ceived a project of reforming church-music, ous subjects. He always enjoyed good health, and had made a considerable progress in the and but a few months before his death, when work; but, his health failing him, he transmitted nearly 90 years of age, published "The Invalid, the further prosecution of it to his friend Dr. with the obvious Means of enjoying Life, by a Boyce, who completed and published it. Dr. Nonagenarian." There is an ease, and spright-Green was born in London, and died in 1755. liness, and an epigrammatic turn in his writ- GREEN, John Richard. See GIFFORD, ings, which was peculiar to himself, and will John. make them be always read with pleasure.

GREEN, John, bishop of Lincoln, and an GRAVESANDE, William James, a cele-eminent controversial and miscellaneous writer, brated mathematician and moral philosopher, born at Hull, about 1798, died in 1779. born in 1688, at Bois-le-Duc, in Holland, died] GREEN, Samuel, the first printer in NorthAmerica, who printed first the freeman's oath,

in 1742.

GRAVINA, Peter, an Italian poet, who pub-then an almanac; he died after 1685. lished a 4to vol. of poems much admired. GREEN, Edward Burnaby, a gentleman well GRAVINA, John Vincent, an eminent dra-known in the regions of Parnassus, by "Trausmatic poet, critic, antiquary, and lawyer, of lations of Anacreon and Pinda., and many Italy, born at Roggiano, in 1664, died in 1718. single poems and essays; he died in 1788. The greatest of all his works, and for which he GREENE, William, deputy governor and gowill be ever memorable, is his three books, "De vernor of the colony of Rhode-Island, died in Ortu et Progressu Juris Civilis." 1758.

GREENE, William, chief justice and afterwards governor of the state of Rhode Island, died in 1809

GRAY, Thomas, eminent for a few poems that ne has left was born in London, in 1716, and died in 1771 He was perhaps the most learned man in Europe, equally acquainted with the GREENE, Nathaniel, a major-general in the elegant and the profound parts of science. Alarmy of the United States, during the revolunew arrangement of his poems, with notes and tion, distinguished himself in the batties of Tren aaditions, was made and printed in 8vo., in 1799. ton and Princeton, and afterwards, in that of GRAYSON, William, a senator of the United Germantown, where he commanded the left, States, from Virginia; of great abilities and and of Monmouth, where he commanded the unimpeachable integrity; he died in 1790. right wing of the army. He was appointed GRAZZINI, Antony Francis, surnamed Lasca, quarter master general, in 1778, and in 1780 to considered nearly of equal merit as a writer with the command of the southern army, with which Boccace; he died in 1583. he gained the victory at the Eutaw Springs. GREATRAKES, Valentine, a most extraordi-His bravery, skill, and services, were such as nary person, celebrated for his power (real or to merit the express approbation of congress, and supposed) of curing the king's evil and other of his country; he died in Georgia, in 1786. diseases by stroking the affected parts with his bands. He was born in Ireland. in 1628, but it is not recorded in what year he died. He was living, however, in 1681.

GREENHILL, John, a very ingenious English painter, the most excellent of all the disci ples of Sir Peter Lely, who is said to have considered him so much a rival, that he never

suffered him to see him paint; he was born at commended by Dr. Halley as very proper for Salisbury, and died in 1676. practice.

GREENUP, Christopher, a soldier of the re- GREGORY, David, a distinguished mathevolution, and a representative in congress, from matician, who first introduced Newton's PrinciKentucky, was governor of that state, in 1804; piæ into the university schools; he died in 1710. he died in 1818. GREGORY, Dr. John, an eminent physician GREENVILLE, Sir Richard, grandfather, and moral writer, died in 1773. His writings of the well known Sir Bevil Greenville, com-are spirited and elegant, and calculated for gemanded a fleet in America, in 1585, against the neral utility. Those by which he is best known Spaniards, but was taken, and died of his are, " A Comparative View of the state of Man wounds. and other Animals;" "A Father's Legacy to GREENVILLE, Sir Bevil, distinguished in his Daughters; and "An Essay on the Office the civil wars for defending his sovereign; he and Duties of a Physician;" by the latter of fell at the battle of Lansdowne, in 1643. which he plainly shows that he thought the GREENWOOD, Isaac, professor of mathe-medical art, to be generally admired, needed matics and natural philosophy, in Harvard col-only to be better known; and that the affectalege, from 1728 to 1738. tion of concealment retarded its progress, ren GREGORIUS, Georgius Florentinus, a learn-dered it a suspicious art, and tended to draw ed bishop of Tours, in the 6th century; he was ridicule and disgrace on its professors. an able writer, but censured by Gibbon; he died about 595.

GREGORY, John, an English divine, who wrote several works; he died in 1646. GREGORY, Edmund, author of the "His

GREGORY, George, D. D., an English divine, and miscellaneous writer, was settled in Lon-torical Anatomy of Christian Melancholy," &c. don, where he supported and defended the ini-died in 1650. nistry by his writings; he died in 1808.

GREGORY, St., surnamed the Great, a mild and benevolent pontiff, died in 604. GREGORY II., an enlightened and virtuous pontiff, died in 731.

GREGORY III., a charitable, but magnificent pontiff, who added splendour to the holy see; he died in 1741.

GREGORY, Nazianzen, patriarch of Constantinople, born in 324, died in 389. He was one of the ablest champions of the orthodox faith concerning the Trinity, whence he had the title given him of "THE DIVINE," by unanimous consent.

GREGORY, Nyssen, bishop of Nyssa, in 371, and author of the Nicene Creed, died in 396.

GREGORY, Theodorus, bishop of Neo-Cesarea, surnamed Thaumaturgus, a disciple of Origen, and famous for his conversion of the Gentiles; he died about 265.

GREGORY IV., who visited France, to reoncile the jarring interests of the royal family of France, but without success; he died in 884. GREGORY V., Brunon, a German, pope after John XVI.; he died in 999. GREGORY Peter, a native of Toulouse, auGREGORY VI., John Gratian, who attempt-thor of some learned, but injudicious works; ed to restore the revenues of the church; he ab-he died in 1527. dicated the tiara in 1046.

GREGORY, Dr. George, a native of Ireland, GREGORY VII., Hildebrand, succeeded Alex-and a learned and industrious moral and miscel ander II.; he abdicated the pontificate, and died laneous writer, died vicar of West-Ham, in 1808. in 1085. GRENADA, Lewis de, who refused the bishopric of Braganza, being so much attached to monastic life; he died in 1588. GRENAN, Benignus, a Latin poet, poetical rival of professor Coffin; he died in 1723.

GREGORY VIII., Albert de Mora, succeeded Urban III., and died two months after, in 1187.a GREGORY IX., Ugolin, elected pope in 1227. He excited the Christian princes to undertake a crusade, and died in 1241.

GREGORY X., Theobald, summoned a general council at Lyons, and endeavoured to heal all schisms in religion; he died in 1276.

GREGORY XI., Peter Roger, a promoter of concord and benevolence among the Christian princes; he died in 1378.

GRENCE, a French painter of great merit. GRENVILLE, George, a celebrated British statesman, known in parliamentary history for his two bills for a more regular payment of the navy, in 1757, and for the trial of contested elections in 1770

GRESHAM, Sir Thomas, an eminent merGREGORY XII., elected pope in 1406, during||chant, born in London, in 1519, and died in 1579. the schism of the West; he died in 1417. He was well acquainted with the ancient and seGREGORY XIII., Hugh Buoncompagno, veral modern languages, had a very comprehenelected pope after Pius V., in 1572; he reform-sive knowledge of all affairs relating to comed the calendar, and adopted the style which merce, whether foreign or domestic; and his sucbears his name. He died in 1585. cess was not less, being in his time esteemed the GREGORY XIV., Nicholas Sfondrate, elect-richest commoner in England. He transacted ed pope after Urban VII., and died in 1591. queen Elizabeth's mercantile affairs so constantGREGORY XV., Alexander Ludovisio, madely, that he was called "The Royal Merchant;" pope in 1621, died in 1623. and his house was sometimes appointed for GREGORY, James, a very eminent mathe-the reception of foreign princes upon their first matician, born at Aberdeen, in 1639, died in arrival in London; but the most shining part 1675. The chief inventions of Gregory are, the of his character appears in his public benefacreflecting telescope, the burning concave mir- tions. The Royal Exchange, which he built, ror, and the quadrature of the circle by an in-was a singular ornament to the city of London, finite converging series. He was likewise the and a great convenience to the merchants, who first who demonstrated the meridian line to be wanted such a place to meet and transact their analagous to a scale of lograrithic tangents, of affairs in; and the donation of his own manthe half complement of latitude: he also invent-sion-house, in Bishopsgate-street, for a seat of ed and demonstrated geometrically, by the help learning and the liberal arts, with the handsome of the hyperbola, a very swift converging series provision made for the endowment and support for making the logarithms, and therefore re-lof it, was such an instance of a generous and

province of Massachusetts, of great distinction; he died in 1767.

public spirit as has been equalled by few, and must perpetuate his memory with the highest esteem and gratitude, so long as any regard to GRIERSON,Constantia, born at Kilkenny, in learning and virtue is preserved; nor ought his Ireland, 1706, died 1733. She was an excellent charities to the poor, his 8 alms-houses, and his scholar, not only in Greek and Roman literature, liberal contributions to the 10 prisons and hos-but in history, divinity, philosophy, and mathepitals in London and Southwark, to be forgotten natics; and wrote elegantly both in verse and in the delineation of Sir Thomas Gresham's be-prose. nevolent character.

GRESSET, John Baptist Lewis, a celebrated French poet, and author of Vert-vert; he died

in 1777.

GRETSER, James, a learned jesuit, 24 years professor at Ingoldstadt; he died in 1635.

GREUZE, a very eminent French painter. GREVENBROECK, an admired Flemish painter, of the 17th century.

GREVILLE, Fulk, or Foulk, lord Brooke, an eminent statesman, historian and dramatic writer, born in Warwickshire, in 1554, was assassinated by one of his domestics in 1628. GREVIN, James, a poet and physician; he wrote several plays, &c., and died in 1573. GREVIUS, or GRAVIUS, John George, a celebrated Latin critic, born in 1632, at Naumbourg, in Saxony, died in 1703.

GRIESBACH, John Jacob, a learned critic and divine, born in Hesse Darmstadt, 1745. In 1775, he published his edition of the "Greek Testament," with various readings; an inestimable work. His "Critical Notes upon the Scriptures" are very valuable. He died at Jena, where he was divinity professor, in 1812.

GRIFFET, Henry, a jesuit, of Moulins, who died at Brussels, in 1775. He published Daniel's History of France.

GRIFFIER, John, an eminent painter, called old Griffier; he died in London, in 1718. His son, called young Griffier, was an excellent landscape painter, and was living in 1713.

GRIFFIN, Cyrus, a member, and president of congress; a warm friend of the independence of the colonies; and, in 1789, a judge of the United States' district court for Virginia; he died in 1810.

GRIFFIN, the last prince of Wales before its final subjugation by the English, was murdered

GREW, Obadiah, an English divine, who sided with the presbyterians, but opposed their] views in cutting off the king; he died in 1692. GREW, Nehemiah, a learned writer and phy-by his conquerors. sician, and secretary to the Royal Society, born GRIFFITH, Michael, a native of London, who at Coventry, in 1628. His chief works are "A became a jesuit, and was missionary of his order Catalogue of the natural and artificial Rarities in England; he died in 1652. belonging to the Society;" "A Comparative GRIFFITH, Elizabeth, a novelist and dramaAnatomy of the Stomach and Guts;" and "Thetic writer of some eminence, first distinguished Anatomy of Plants," &c.; he died in 1711. by "The Letters of Henry and Frances," which GREY, Lady Jane, an illustrious, but unfor-contained the genuine correspondence between tunate personage of the blood royal of England her and her husband before their marriage. Her by both parents; her grandmother on her father's next publication was, "Memoirs of Ninon de side, Henry Grey, marquis of Dorset, being queen L'Enclos." Beside these, she wrote three novels, consort to Edward IV., and her grandmother four comedies, the "Morality of Shakespeare's on her mother's, lady Frances Brandon, being Drama illustrated," and "Essays addressed to daughter to Henry VII., queen Dowager of Young Married Women,' ," which closed and France, and mother of Mary queen of Scots. crowned her literary career. She died in Ireland, She was born in 1537, and fell a victim to the am-1793. bition of her parents, who on the demise of GRIFFITHS, Ralph, first editor of the MonthEaward VI., overcame her by their persuasions ly Review, begun in 1749, which he edited very to suffer herself to be proclaimed queen of Eng-ably; he died in 1803. land. Though only an innocent agent, she GRIGNAN, Frances Margaret de Sevigne, was, on the accession of Mary, declared guilty countess of; the correspondence between her of high treason, and beheaded in 1554, aged 17 and her mother is highly esteemed; she died in years. She was eminent for her piety and 1705. learning, being mistress of the Greek and Latin languages, in both of which she wrote elegant letters, which were printed after her death.

GREY, Dr. Zachary, an ingenious English scholar, born in Yorkshire, in 1687, died at Ampthill, in 1766. He was the author of nearly 30 publications; but his edition of "Hudibras,' 2 volumes 8vo., is the work which will best preserve his memory.

GRIGNION, Charles, an engraver, who acquired great reputation in England, until his manner was superseded by a more fashionable and imposing style; he died in 1810, aged 94.

GRIGNON, Jaques, an eminent French engraver of portraits, flourished toward the end of the 17th century.

GRIGNON, Charles, an English painter of some celebrity, who was sent by the royal academy to Rome, where he painted a picture of the death of captain Cook, &c.; he died at Leghorn, in 1804.

GREY, Dr. Richard, a learned English divine and polemical writer, born in 1693, died in 1771. He published "Memoria Technica; or a new Method of Artificial Memory;" "A System of English Ecclesiastical Law;"" A new and easy Method of learning Hebrew without points," &c. GRIBALDUS, Matthew, a learned civilian, of Padua, who left Italy to embrace protestantism;nice, a learned man, died in 1523. he embraced the anti-trinitarian doctrine, for which he was persecuted; he died of the plague, in 1564.

GRIMALDI, John Francis, a celebrated painter, born at Bologna, in 1606, studied under Ca racci, to whom he was related, and died in 1680. GRIMANI, Domenico, son of the doge of Ve

GRIMANI, Hubert, an excellent portrait pain ter, of Delft, died in 1629.

GRIMAREST, Leonard, a Frenchman, who GRIBNER, Michael Henry, professor of law wrote the life of Charles XII., &c. ; he died in at Wittemberg, wrote several works on jurispru-1720. dence, and died in 1734.

GRIMAUD, N. de, professor of medicine a

GRIDLEY, Jeremy, attorney-general of the Montpelier, died in 1701.

GRUBER, Gabriel, a very distinguished jesuit, born at Vienna, who at an early age made great proficiency in the arts and sciences. He practised and taught successively, rhetoric, history, mathematics, hydraulics, chymistry, architecture, and medicine, in which he obtained the degree of doctor. His recreations were physical and chymical experiments, drawing and painting. On the suppression of the society of jesuits, the empress Maria Theresa took him GRONOVIUS, John Frederic, an eminent ci- into her service, and intrusted to him the suvilian, historian, and critic, born at Hamburgh,perintendence of ship-building at Trieste, as in 1613, died in 1672.

well as the draining of the Sclavonian and HunGRONOVIUS, James, son of the preceding, garian morasses. As soon as he learned that the and a writer on the belles lettres, born at De- society continued to exist in the Russian emventer, in 1645, and died in 1716. His chef pire under the protection of the government, he d'œuvre is, "Thesaurus Antiquitatum Græca-joined the society at Polocz, where he applied rum," 13 vols. folio. himself to his favourite studies for several years. Being sent to St. Petersburgh several times on the business of the society, he gained the esteem of their imperial majesties. In 1802 he was GROS, Peter, an able sculptor, who embel-elected general of the society, and showed much lished the capital of France with his art; he died in 1710.

tranquillity and perseverance in very arduous and trying circumstances. By his exertions, the GROS, Nicholas, a theologian, of Rheims, order increased in Russia, and was restored in whose opposition to the bull unigenitus obliged the kingdom of Naples. His amiable and phihim to flee from France to England; he was au-lanthropic behaviour, and the variety and exthor of several works, and died in 1751.