wrote a history of France, from the commence-who adorned the ceilings of Greenwich and ment of the monarchy to the death of Lewis York house, England, where he died.

XIII., manners and customs of the French, &c., and died in 1733.

GENDRE, Gilbert Charles le, marquis of St. Aubin, died at Paris, in 1746.

GENDRE, Nicholas le, a French sculptor, died at Paris, in 1670.

GENDRE, Lewis le, a deputy in the national convention, died in 1797.

GENEBRARD, Gilbert, a Benedictine monk, born at Riom, died in 1597.

|| GENTILESCHI, Artemisia, daughter of the preceding, eminent as a historical painter.

GENTILIS, Scipio, a native of Ancona, professor of civil law, died in 1616.

GENTILIS, John Valentine, was condemned to lose his head at Berne, for the violence of his religious opinions, in 1567.

GENTILIS, Alberico, a native of Ancona, and professor of law, at Oxford, died in 1608. GENTILLET, Valentine, a native of Dau

GENESIUS, Josephus, one of the Byzantinephine, and syndic of the city of Geneva, lived historians, flourished in 940.

GENEST, Charles Claude, a French poet, and author of tragedies, died in 1719.

GENET, Francis, bishop of Vaison, born at Avignon, in 1640, is known for the Theology of Grenoble.

GENGA, Gerome, an Italian painter and architect, died in 1551.

GENGA, Bartholomew, son of the preceding, an eminent architect, died in 1558.

about 1578.

GENTLEMAN, Francis, an actor and dra matic writer, born in Ireland, 1728, died 1784. He was author of eleven dramatic pieces; and of "The Dramatic Censor."

GEOFFREY, of Monmouth. See JEFFERY. GEOFFROI, Stephen Francis, a French physician, who wrote a Materia Medica, died in 1731 GEORGE, St., the patron of England, supposed to have suffered in the reign of Dioclesian. GEORGE of Trebizond, a native of Candia, and secretary to pope Nicolas V., published several works, and died in 1484.

GEORGE the Cappadocian, Arian bishop of Alexandria; was assassinated, in consequence of his oppression, in 361.

GENGIS-KHAN, or ZINGIS KHAN, a most illustrious Mogul prince, who being obliged to fly from Delhi, on account of a general revolt of his subjects, took shelter at the court of Aventikhan, Cham of the Tartars, and married his daughter; but the jealousy of Aventi obliged him to escape a second time; and being pursued GEORGE, surnamed Amira, a learned Maby Aventi and his son, he defeated them both; ronite, who published a grammar of the Syriac and, their army revolting to him, he soon in-and Chaldee; he died in 1641. creased it. From this event he became as re- GEORGE, duke of Clarence, brother of Ednowned a conqueror as Alexander the Great. Inward IV., of England, condemned to death for the space of 28 years he subdued the greater conspiring against his brother, in 1478. part of Asia, and rendered himself as famous for GEORGE, prince of Servia, died in consehis skill in government, as for the valour of his quence of a wound received in 1457, in a battle arms. He was born in 1163, and died in 1227, ||against the Hungarians. leaving his dominions (which extended 1800 leagues from east to west, and 1000 from north to south,) properly divided to his four sons. GENNADIUS, a patriarch of Constantinople, after Anatolius, in 458, died in 471.

GEORGE LEWIS I., son of Ernest Augustus, of Brunswick, called to the throne of England on the death of queen Anne, in 1714.

GEORGE AUGUSTUS II., son of the preceding, succeeded to the throne, in 1727. His reign was more splendid than useful.

GENNADIUS, an ecclesiastical writer of Marseilles, died 493. There are two works of his remaining: "De Dogmatibus Ecclesiasticis,"land, succeeded his grandfather George II., on and "De Illustribus Ecclesiæ Scriptoribus." GENNADIUS, a patriarch of Constantinople, wrote the Christian faith in Greek, Latin, and Turkish; he died in a monastery, in 1460. GENNARI, Benedetto, a painter, of Bologna, was patronised by Lewis XIV., Charles II., &c., and died in 1715.

GENOELS, Abraham, a painter, of Antwerp, born in 1640.

GENOVESI, Anthony, celebrated as a lecturer in philosophy, died in 1769.

GENSERIC, king of the Vandals, a conqueror and tyrant, who captured Rome in 435, and suffered his soldiers during 14 days to pillage it, and massacre the defenceless inhabitants; he died in 477.

GEORGE III., king of Great Britain and Irethe throne, in 1760. His reign was of 60 years duration, and was rendered prominent by the loss of the American colonies, by the acquisition of India, and by long and sanguinary wars, with the different powers of Europe. During the latter part of his reign, the kingdom was governed by a regency, in consequence of his mental derangement. He died in 1820.

GERARD, Tom, or Tung, was the institutor and first grand master of the knights hospitalers of Jerusalem, afterwards of Malta; he died in 1120.

GERARD, Balthazar, the assassin of William I., prince of Orange, whom he shot through the head with a pistol as he was going out of his palace at Delft. His sentence was the same as that of Damien; and this fanatic died, in his own conceit, a martyr of the church of Rome, 1584.

GERARD, John, a learned protestant divine, of Quedlimburg, died in 1638.

GERARD, John, a native of Jena, professor and rector of the university, author of several GENSONNE, Armand, an advocate of Bour-works, died in 1668. His son, John Ernest, died deaux, was guillotined in 1793. professor of divinity at Geissen, in 1707. GENTILE, Ludovico, a painter, of Brussels. GERARD, John, a native of England, emiHis portrait of Alexander VII. is admired; henent as a botanist, published a work on plants, died in 1670.

GENTILIS DE FOLIGNO, a physician, and an author, died in 1348.

GENTILESCHI, Horatio, an Italian painter,

and died in 1607.

GERARD, Dr. Alexander, professor of divinity in the university of Aberdeen, and author of several esteemed works, died in 1795.

GERARD, Gilbert, was for many years pas- GERVAISE, Nicholas, missionary to Siam, tor of the English church at Amsterdam, and af-and afterwards to Guiana, where he was mur terwards professor of Greek in King's college,dered by the natives, in 1729. and of divinity in the university of Aberdeen. He died in 1815.

GERARDI, Christofaro, an excellent landscape painter, of Florence, died in 1556. GERARDI, Mark, an eminent painter, of Bruges, patronised by queen Elizabeth, died in

1635.

GESNER, Conrad, an eminent physician and natural philosopher, called the Pliny of Ger many, born at Zurich, in 1516, died 1565.

GESNER, Solomon, bookseller at Zurich, in Switzerland, and author of many elegant and admired poems, in the German language, born in 1730, was for several years before his death a member of the senate of his native city. He

GERBAIS, John, a doctor of the Sorbonne. who wrote in support of the liberties of the Gal-was an admirable landscape painter as well as a lican church, died in 1699.

GERBELIUS, Nicholaus, an eminent German lawyer, born at Pforzeim, died in 1560.

poet. Of his writings, the best known in England is "The Death of Abel." He died in 1788. GESNER, John Matthew, a German, much known as the author of some valuable editions of the classics; he died at Gottingen, in 1761. GESNER, John James, professor in the uni

GERBERON, Gabriel, a French ecclesiastic, who wrote on the Jansenist controversy, and was imprisoned for it; he died in prison, in 1711. GERBIER, Sir Balthazar, a celebrated pain-versity at Zurich, published some works, and ter, of Antwerp, born in 1592, died in 1661. GERBILLON, John Francis, a jesuit missionary in China, much respected by the emperor, for whom he wrote elements of geometry; he died in 1707.

died in 1787.

GESNER, Solomon, a native of Silesia, became divinity professor atWittemberg; he wrote several works, and died in 1605.

GETA, Septimius, brother of Caracalla, by GERDES, Daniel, a native of Bremen, pro-whom he was slain through jealousy, A. D. 212, fessor of divinity at Duisburg, died in 1765 GETHIN, lady Grace, an English lady, wife GERDIL, Hyacinth Sigismond, a native of of sir Richard Gethin, distinguished for her taPiedmont, professor of philosophy at Macerata,lents; her works were published after her death, and tutor to the prince royal of Sardinia, was made a cardinal in 1777. He died at Rome, in 1802. His writings are chiefly on religious and philosophical subjects. GERHARD, Ephraim, professor of law at Altdorf, died in 1718.

GERLACH, Stephen, a native of Swabia, and chaplain to the embassy to Constantinople; he wrote ecclesiastical history, &c., and died in

1612.

GERMAIN, Thomas, a native of Paris, eminent as a goldsmith, died in 1748.

in 1700.

GETHING, Richard, an Englishman, distinguished for his penmanship; settled in London about 1616.

GEUSS, John Michael, of Holstein, professor of mathematics at Copenhagen, and an author, died in 1786.

GEVARTIUS, John Gasper, an eminent critic, and author of several works, died at Antwerp, in 1666.

GHELEN, or GELENIUS, Sigismund. Seo GELENIUS.

GHEZZI, Peter Leone, a painter, knighted by Francis I., duke of Parma, died in 1755.

GERMANICUS, Cæsar, son of Drusus, and paternal nephew to the emperor Tiberius, who adopted him: he was a renowned general, but GHILINI, Jerome, an Italian writer, born at still more illustrious for his virtues. He took the Milan, in 1589, lived to be 80 years old, and was title of Germanicus from his conquests in that the author of several works; the most considercountry; and, though he had the moderation to able of which is his "Theatre of Learned Men." refuse the empire offered to him by his army, GHIRLANDAIO, or GHIRLANDENI, DoTiberius, jealous of his success, and of the uni-menico, a Florentine painter, born in 1449, died versal esteem he acquired, caused him to be 1493. poisoned, A. D. 29, aged 34. He was a protector GHISOLFI, Giovanni, a painter of Milan, of learning, and composed several Greek come-died in 1683. His perspective views are much dies and Latin poems, some of which are still admired. extant.

GIAFAR, or SADEK the Just, a Mussulman GERMANIO, Anastasio, a native of Pied-doctor, who wrote a book on prophecies, &c., mont, and bishop of Tarentasia, died in 1627. died at Medina, in 764.

GERMANUS, bishop of Cyzicum, made patriarch of Constantinople, and was degraded for supporting image worship; he died in 740.

GERMYN, Simon, a Dutch painter, of Dort, whose landscapes are admired, died in 1749.

GERRY, Elbridge, a native of Massachusetts, was a member of congress in 1776, and a signer of the declaration of independence; minister to France, with Mr. Marshall and Mr. Pinkney; governor of the state of Massachusetts, and afterwards vice-president of the United States. He died at Washington, in 1814.

GIAHEDH, or LARGE EYED, the head of the Motazales, a sect who united religion and philosophy.

GIANNONI, Peter, an esteemed historian, born at Naples, in 1680, died 1748.

GIARDINI, Felix, an eminent performer on the violin, and a composer of music, was born at Piedmont. In 1750 he went to England, where he met with great encouragement, and had a joint interest in the opera. He died in Russia, 1793.

GIBBON, Edward, an eminent historian, born GERSON, John, an illustrious French theolo-at Putney, in 1737. In 1774, Mr. Gibbon was gical and critical writer, born in 1363, died 1429. elected to a seat in parliament, which he vacatGERSTEN, Christian Lewis, mathematical ed in 1780; in the course of which period, howprofessor at Giessen, was imprisoned 12 years ever, he was some time a lord of trade. His cefor writing an offensive letter to his sovereign;lebrated "History of the Decline and Fall of the he was author of several works, and died in 1762. Roman Empire," will probably last as long as GERVAIS,, Armand Francis, a Carmelite ec- the language in which it is written. It abounds clesiastic, was confined for writing against the in proofs of unexampled learning, of a mind pe Bernardines; he died in prison, in 1741, ||netrating are sagacious, and of talents for ridi

went into foreign countries to learn their manners; he died at Rome, in 1555.

GILLESPIE, George, a 1amous preacher of the church of Scotland, died in 1648. GILLOT, Claude, a French painter and engraver, disciple to Vateau, died in 1722. GILLRAY, James, a celebrated caricature designer and engraver, died in 1815. GILPIN, Bernard, an eminent English divine and reformer, born in 1517, died 1583.

GILPIN, Richard, a popular non-conformist minister in and about London; he afterwards practised physic, and died in 1657.

GIOSEPPINO, an eminent Neapolitan painter, born in 1560, died in 1640.

GIOTTINO Tomaso, a painter, of Florence, died in 1356.

GIOTTO, an eminent Florentine painter sculptor, and architect, born in 1276, died in 1336.

GIRALDI, Lilio Gregorio, an ingenious critic, antiquary, and historian, and one of the most learned men that modern Italy has produced, died in 1552.

GIRALDI, John Baptist Cintio, an Italian poet, born at Ferrara, in 1504, died in 1573. His GILPIN, William, an English divine, biogra-works consist chiefly of tragedies; and some pher, and delineator of nature's picturesque make no scruple to rank him among the best beauties, was born in 1724, died 1804. His prin- tragic writers that Italy has produced. cipal works are, "An Exposition of the New Testament;""An Essay on Prints;" and numerous Essays and Observations on Picturesque Scenery, &c., in different parts of England. To these we should add, his "Sermons to a Country Congregation."

GIRALDUS, Sylvester, a learned Welchman, who wrote a History of Ireland, and other works of great erudition, died about 1215.

GIRALDUS, Cambrensis, an ancient British historian, who died about the latter end of the 12th century, having written "A History of the World," in which his information respecting ecclesiastical affairs is extremely valuable.

GILPIN, Sawrey, R. A., a celebrated painter, particularly of horses and wild animals, was born in 1733, and was brother of the preceding. He went to London at the age of 14, and was ar- GIRANDON, Francis, was inspector-general ticled to Mr. Scott, a ship-painter, who lived in of sculpture to Lewis XIV.; he died in 1715. Covent-Garden, where Mr. Gilpin caught his GIRARD, John Baptist, a jesuit, born at Dol, first relish for animal painting, frequently amus- was tried by the parliament of Aix, for using ing himself in sketching the carts and horses, sorcery upon a young girl; but was acquitted. market-groups, &c. He was afterwards patron- GIRARD, Gabriel, a French ecclesiastic, was ised by William, duke of Cumberland, at Wind-almoner to the duchess of Berri, &c.; he died in Bor; and from his royal highness' stud he ac- 1748. quired that knowledge of the horse which he has GIRON, D. Pierre, duke of Ossuna, a Spaniard, so ably exhibited in his works. The historical who encouraged the famous conspiracy against compositions he has left, show that he might Venice, which forms the subject of one of the have claimed the palm in the first department finest pieces of English tragedy; he died in of art. The Triumph of Camillus, Diomedes' prison in 1624. Horses, his poetical subjects, and drawings of animals, possess a taste peculiar to himself. His chef d'œuvre is in the possession of S. Whitbread, esq. M P. It consists of a group of tigers, and is a noble and spirited composition. He excelled much in giving an expression of terrible, but majestic fierceness, to that noblest of all animals, the lion. He died at Brompton, in 1807. GINNANI, Francis, page to duke Anthony Farnese, wrote several works on agriculture; he died in 1766.

GIOCONDO, Fra Giovanni, a schoolmaster at Verona, who instructed Julius Cæsar Scaliger; he died in 1521.

GIOIA, Flavio, of Amalfi, in Naples, a celebrated mathematician, who, from his knowledge of the magnetic powers, invented the mariner's compass, by which the navigation of Europeans was extended to the most distant regions of the globe, before this invention, navigation was confined to coasting. It is said that the Chinese knew the compass long before; be this as it may, he Europeans are indebted to Gioia for this invaluable discovery. He was born about 1300. GIOLITO DEL FERRARI, a printer, of the 16th century, at Venice, ennobled by Charles V., died in 1547.

GIRONST, James, of Anjou, known as a popular preacher: his sermons were published in 1704; he died in 1689.

GIRTIN, John, an English painter, whose views of London and Paris, are much admired; he died in 1802.

GIRY, Lewis, one of the first members of the French academy, and author of several valuable works; he died in 1665.

GISBERT, John, a native of Cahors, professor of divinity at Toulouse, and author of AntiProbalasimus, died in 1710.

GISBERT, Blaise, a jesuit of Cahors, wrote a work on Education, &c., died in 1731.

GISELINUS, a physician, a native of Bruges, died in 1551.

GIST, Mordecai, a brigadier general in the American war; was in the battle of Camden, died in 1792.

GIULANO, Di-Majano, a Florentine, sculptor and architect, who died at Naples, in 1447. Several buildings at Naples, are the monuments of his genius.

GIUSTI, Antonio, a painter, of Florence, of much excellence, died in 1705.

GLAIN, N. Saint, a zealous Protestant, born at Limoges, about 1620, remarkable for having been, by reading of Spinoza's book, changed into

GIORDANI, Vital, a Neapolitan mathematician; author of several works on the mathema-as zealous an Atheist. tics, died in 1711.

GLANDOR, Matthias, a physician to the archbishop of Bremen, died in 1652.

GIORDANO, Luca, a painter of Naples, he was knighted by the king of Spain, and died in 1705. GLANVIL, Joseph, a distinguished philosoGIORGIANI, or ALSEID ALSCHERIF phical and theological writer, born at Plymouth, ABON HASSAN, or HOUSSAIN ALI, a na-in 1636, died in 1680. In "Some Philosophical tive of Georgia, author of Theological and Phi- Considerations, touching the Being of Witches losophical terms. and Witchcraft," he defended the possibility of witchcraft, which drew him into a controversy that ended only with his life. During the

GIORGIONE, an illustrious Venetian painter, born in 1478, died in 1511.

course of it, he endeavoured to confirm his opinion by a collection of several narratives relative to it.

gentleman was brought up in the mercantile line, and, by a remarkable speech that he delivered in behalf of the merchants of London GLANVILLE, Ranulph, chief justiciary of at the bar of the House of Commons, about the all England, and an eminent writer on jurispru-year 1740, previous to the breaking out of the dence, who first collected the English laws into one body, flourished toward the end of the 12th century.

Spanish war, acquired, and with great justice, the character of an able and steady patriot; which character he retained through life. In the belles lettres he also made no inconsiderable figure, being the author of an epic poem of very high celebrity, entitled "Leonidas;" the subject of which is, the gallant actions of that great general, and his heroic defence of, and fall at, GLASER, Christopher, apothecary to Louis the pass of Thermopyle; he wrote also, "Bo XIV., and author of a valuable treatise on chy-adicea,' "Medea," and "Jason," tragedies; mistry, died in 1679. and died in 1785, aged 74.

GLÁPHYRA, a priestess of Bellona's temple, known for her amours with Marc Antony. GLAPTHORNE, Henry, a poet and dramatic writer, who lived in the reign of Charles I., and published five plays.

GLASS, John, a Scotch divine, who, in 1727, GLUCK, Christopher, an eminent_musical published a treatise to prove that the civil esta- composer, born in Bohemia, in 1716. He introblishment of religion was inconsistent with duced a new style of music into Paris, and died Christianity; for this he was deposed, and beat Vienna, in 1787. came the father of a new sect, called in Scotland, Glassites, and in England, Sandemonians. He was born at Dundee, in 1698, and died in 1773.

GLASS, John, born at Dundee, traded to the Brazils, whence returning in 1765, with great property, he was murdered by the seamen, who were afterwards executed.

GLASSIUS, Solomon, D. D., a German divine, superintendent of the schools and churches in Saxe Gotha, and author of several works; he died in 1656.

GLAUBER, John, a painter, of Utrecht, whose pieces are much admired; he died in 1726. GLAUBER, John Gotlief, a painter, whose pieces were in a finished style, died in 1703.

GLAUBER, Diana, sister of the preceding painters, born in 1650, was also distinguished for the execution of her pencil; she became blind in her old age.

GLAUBER, John Rodolphus, a celebrated German chymist, and chymical writer, of the 17th century.

GLEDITSCH, John Gottlieb, a native of Leipsic, and lecturer in botany, physiology, &c., died in 1786.

GLYNN, Robert, a native of Cambridge, author of the Day of Judgment, a poem of great merit; he obtained the prize of Cambridge, and died in 1800.

GMELIN, Dr. Samuel Gottleib, a celebrated eastern traveller, who has left an account of his travels in 3 volumes. He was born in Swabia, in 1745, and died in 1774, at Achmet Kent, a village of Mount Caucasus.

GMELIN, John George, born at Tubingen, published some works; he died in 1755.

GMELIN, John Frederic, a professor in the university of Gottingen, was born at Tubingen, in 1748. He was a voluminous and able writer on every part of natural history; but is most celebrated for his edition of Linnæus' "System of Nature." The world is also indebted to him for the discovery of several excellent dyes, extracted from different vegetable and mineral substances; he died in 1803.

GOADBY, Robert, a printer and bookseller, of Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, and author of several useful publications, died in 1778. His "Illustra tion of the Holy Scriptures," is a book that has been very generally read, and widely circulated. "The Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew, GLEICHEN, Frederic William Von, a noble-King of the Beggars," was likewise written by man, of Bayreuth, he constructed a curious mi- him. croscope, and died in 1783.

GLEN, John, a painter and engraver on wood, of Liege, of the 16th century.

GLENDOWER, Owen, a celebrated Welch warrior, who for more than fourteen years opposed the sovereignty of Henry IV. of England, by force of arms, declaring him to be a usurper, and the murderer of Richard II., born in 1354, died in 1415.

GLENIE, James, a mathematician, engaged in the military service of Great Britain, died in 1817. He was the author of a History of Gunnery, and several valuable mathematical works.

GLENN, James, governor of the colony of South-Carolina, was succeeded by Lyttleton, in 1755. He promoted the prosperity of the colony, by an advantageous treaty with the Indians. GLICAS, a Byzantine historian, his "Annals from the Creation," were published in Greek and Latin in 1660.

GLISSON, Francis, an English medical and anatomical author. His Treatise on the Liver is his chef-d'œuvre; he died in 1677.

GLOUCESTER, Robert of, the most ancient poet in the records of English history, flourished in the time of Henry II.

GLOVER, Richard. This very ingenious

GOAR, James, a Dominican friar, of Paris, published "Græcorum Eucologium," &c.; he died in 1653, much respected.

GOBBO, Pietro Paolo Cortonese," a much admired painter, of Cortona, died in 1640. GOBBO, Andrea, an Italian historical painter died about 1527.

GOBEL, John Baptist, a native of Hanne, bishop of Lydda: was accused by Robespierre, of atheism, and guillotined in 1793.

GOBELIN, Giles, a famous French dyer, whose name has been given ever since to the finest French scarlets; his house, and the small river that he made use of at Paris, are still called the Gobelins; an academy for drawing, and a manufactory of fine tapestries, were erected in this quarter, in 1666, and for this reason the tapestries are called "Of the Gobelins." He flourished about 1630.

GOBIER, Charles, a jesuit, of St. Maloes, wrote the "History of the Mariannes," &c.; he died in 1708.

GOBRYAS, one of the seven Persian nobles, who conspired to dethrone the usurper Smerdis. GOCLENIUS, Conrad, a German, esteemed by Erasmus for his virtues and learning; he died in 1539.

GOCLENIUS, Rodolphus, considered as the