ALAIN, De Lisle, a divine of Paris, named the universal doctor, died 1291.

sur-prelate, and for his encouragement of men of letters; he died 1803.

ALAIN, John, a Dane, author of a treatise on the origin of the Cimbre, &c., died 1630. ALAIN, Chartier, secretary to Charles VII. king of France, born in the year 1386. He was author of several works in prose and verse; but kis most famous performance was his Chronicle of King Charles VII.

ALBANY, John, duke of, a Scotch nobleman, in the service of Francis I., king of France, intrusted with an army of 10,000 men, to attack Naples; he died 1536.

ALBATEGNIUS, an Arabian astronomer, who died 929; he wrote a treatise on the knowledge and obliquity of the zodiac of stars, pub

ALAIN, Nicholas, son of a cobbler at the be-lislred 1537. ginning of the 18th century, writer of some comedies.

ALALEONA, Joseph, a native of Macerata, professor of civil law in the university of Padua, died April, 1749, aged 79.

ALAMANNI, Lewis, born at Florence, 1495, died at Amboise, in France, 1556, leaving many beautiful poems and other valuable performances in the Italian language.

ALAMOS, Balthazar, a Spanish writer in the service of Anthony Perez, was imprisoned 11 years, and published a translation of Tacitus, 1614; he died in his 88th year.

ALBEMARLE, Monk, duke of, vid. MONK, ALBEMARLE, Anne Clarges, dutchess of, daughter of a blacksmith, and brought up as a milliner; she retained the vulgarity of her manners in her highrat elevation.

ALBEMARLE, kuppel, lord, a native of Guelders, one of the favourites of William III., cominander of the Dutch forces in the last of queen Anne's wars, defeated 1712, died 6 years after.

ALBERGATI,Capacelli, marquis, a native of Bologna; he spent his early life in dissipation, and began to reform at 34; he became distin509;guished as an author and actor at 40; and was honoured with the appellation of the Garrick of Italy; he died 1802.

ALAMUNDIR, a king of the Saracens, the bishops of his age vainly endeavoured to convert him to christianity.

ALAN, ALLEN, ALLYN, William, a native of Rossal, in Lancashire, was a defender of the Pope, and died at Rome, 1594.

ALAN, of Lynn, in Norfolk, a divine, known as the author of useful indexes to the books he read, flourished in the 15th century.

ALAND, Sir John Fortescue, an eminent English judge, born 1670, died 1746.

ALANKAVA, daughter of Geoubire, married her cousin Doujoun, king of the Monguels, in the north of Asia.

ALARD, a priest of Amsterdam, author of some learned works published at Paris, 1543; he died at Louvaine, 1531.

ALARIC I., a famous king of the.Visigoths, and conqueror of Italy, 409, died at Cosenza,

411.

ALARIC II. made king of the Visigoths 484, was slain in battle by the hand of Clovis, king of France, 509.

ALASCO, John, a Roman Catholic bishop, uncle to the king of Poland, became a convert to the protestant principles, and died 1560.

ALAVA, Diego Esquivel, a learned bishop, born at Vittoria in Biscay; he was at the council of Trent, and published a work on councils; he died March 17, 1562.

ALAVIN, a chief of the Goths, who settled on the banks of the Danube, afterwards rose against the imperial troops and defeated them near Adrianople, 378.

ALBERGOTTI, Francis, an ancient civilian, born at Arezzo, he removed to Florence, where he was raised to the honour of nobility, and died 1376.

ALBERIC, or ALBERT, a canon of Aix, in Provence, wrote an account of the first crusaders, from 1095 to 1120; published 1584.

ALBERIC, a French monk, legate in England, Scotland, France, &c., died 1147.

ALBERIC, a learned lawyer of Bergamo, in the 14th century.

ALBERIC, a monk in the abbey of Troisfon|taines, wrote a chronicle edited by Leibnitz,

and died about 1241.

ALBERINI, Rodiana, a lady of Padua, distinguished for her poetical works in Latin and Italian, about 1530.

ALBERONI, Julius, cardinal, was born May ||31, 1664, the son of a gardener, in the suburbs of Placentia. From this low original, by good fortune, address, and abilities, he rose to be first minister of state to the king of Spain. He died at Placentia, June 26, 1752.

ALBERT I., son of the emperor Rodolphus, chosen emperor of Germany after the defeat of Adolphus of Nassau, died 1308.

ALBERT II., emperor of Germany, a mild and popular prince, died 1439.

ALBERT, archduke of Austria, son of the emperor Maximilian; cardinal and archbishop of Toledo, made governor of Portugal, 1583.

ALBAN, St., said to have been the first per- ALBERT I., son of Otho, prince of Anhalt, son who suffered martyrdom for Christianity in made elector of Brandenbury, 1550; he converted Britain, and therefore usually styled the proto-vast forests into cultivated lands. martyr of this island, was born at Verulam, and flourished toward the end of the 3d century. The town of St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire, takes its name from our protomartyr.

ALBANI, Francis, a celebrated painter, born at Bologna, 1578, studied under Guido Rheni, and was at length no mean rival in fame to that great artist. He died 1660.

ALBANI, John Jerome, a learned civilian, made a cardinal, 1570; wrote a treatise on ecclesiastical affairs, and died 1591.

ALBANI, Alexander, a Roman cardinal, was a man of great merit; he died Dec. 2, 1779, aged 79. ALBANI, John Francis, nephew of the above, obtained the rank of cardinal, and other preferments; he was distinguished as an enlightened

ALBERT V., duke of Bavaria, surnamed the magnanimous, a pattern of every amiable virtue, died 1579.

ALBERT VI., duke of Bavaria, known for his learning, died 1666.

ALBERT, Charles d', duke of Luynes, of a noble family in Florence, settled in France, where he became the favourite and counsellor of Lewis XIII.

ALBERT, Joseph d', of Luynes, ambassador from the emperor Charles VII. in France, a man of letters.

ALBERT, Honore d', duke of Chaulnes, indebted for his greatness to his elder brother and the partiality of Richelieu, died 1649. ALBERT, king of Sweden succeeded Magnus

AGRICOLA, a learned bishop of Chalonssur-by his merit to the highest honours in the se Saone, died 530. vice of Charles VI. of France.

AGRICOLA, John, a German divine, born at Isleb, was the friend and disciple of Luther, and afterwards opposed him; he died 1566. AGRIPPA, Menenius, a Roman patrician, known for appeasing a sedition by the fable of the belly and the limbs, died 492 B. C.

AILRED, or ETHELRED, author of a gend alogy of English kings, &c., flourished about th middle of the 12th century.

AIMOIN, a benedictine of Aquitaine, autho of an unmeritorious history of France, die about the beginning of the 11th century. AINSWORTH, Henry, known for his learn

AGRIPPA, Marcus Vipsanius, a Roman general, celebrated for his exploits and his intimacying and the commentaries which he wrote or with Augustus, died 12 B. C. the Scriptures, was poisoned in the beginning of the 17th century.

AGRIPPA, Herod, grandson of Herod the Great, king of all Judea, mentioned in Scripture, died 44.

AINSWORTH, Robert, born at Woodyale four miles from Manchester, 1660, was the com AGRIPPA II., son of the above, and his suc-piler of a compendious English and Latin Dic cessor, was the monarc.. Defore whom Paul was tionary, upon the plan of Faber's Thesaurus arraigned, died 94. which he finished and published in 1736, in 4to. and died 1743.

AGRIPPA, Henry Cornelius, a man of considerable learning, and a great magician, ac-| cording to report, in the 16th century, was born at Cologne, 1486, of a noble family. He was a man of an extensive genius, well skilled in many parts of knowledge and a variety of languages. AGRIPPINA, the virtuous wife of Germanicus Cæsar, banished by Tiberius, died 33.

AGRIPPINA, daughter of the preceding, married the emperor Claudius, and poisoned him to raise her son Nero to the throne, who afterwards caused her to be killed.

AGUESSEAU, Henry Francis d', born at Limoges, was first advocate-general of Paris, then procurer-general, and afterwards chancellor; died 1751.

AGUI, king of Bantane in Java, at the end of the 17th century, extended his power by means of the Dutch.

AGUILLON, Francis, a mathematician of Brussels, published a treatise on optics, and died 1617.

AGUIRRE, Joseph, a benedictine of Spain, was made cardinal by Innocent XI., wrote on theological subjects, and died 1699.

ARGYLAUS, Henry, a native of Boisle-Duc, made an inelegant translation of Monocanon, and died 1595.

AHAB, son and successor of Omre, king of Israel, remarkable for his impieties, died 898. AHAZ, son and successor of Jotham, king of Judah, became tributary to Tiglath-Pileser, king of Assyria.

AHAZIAH succeeds his father, Ahab, king of Israel. Another Ahaziah, son of Jehoram, was king of Judah, and killed by Jehu, 889.

AHLWARDT, Peter, a German, the son of a shoemaker, became an eminent professor of logic and metaphysics; he died 1791.

AHMED KHAN, the first emperor of the Moguls who embraced mahomedanism, died 1284.

AJALA, Martin Perez d', a Carthaginian, of obscure birth, but distinguished by his abilities, served Charles V. at the council of Trent.

AIDAN, a mild and benevolent prelate in Northumberland, who converted many of the northern heathens of Britain to Christianity, died 651.

AIRAULT, Peter, an advocate of Paris, a man of firmness and integrity, died 1601.

AIRAY, Henry, a native of Westmoreland a strict Calvinist, author of some theological pieces, died 1510. AIRAY, Christopher, vicar of Milford, author of a logical treatise, &c., died 1670.

AISTULFE, a king of the Lombards, laid siege to Rome, but was defeated; he died 756. AITON, William, author of "Hortus Kewensis," being a Catalogue of the Plants in the Royal Gardens at Kew, was born near Hamilton, in Lanarkshire, 1731, and died at Kew, Feb. 1, 1793.

AITZEMA, Leovan, representative of the Hansiatic towns at the Hague, author of a history of the United Provinces, &c., died 1669.

AKAKIA, Martin, professor of inedicine at Paris, published translations of Galen's works; he died 1551. His son of the same nanie was physician to Henry III.

dominions by the conquest of Bengal, &c.; he AKBAR, sultan of the Moguls, increased his

died 1605.

AKENSIDE, Mark, a physician, but far better known as a poet, was born at Newcastle-uponTyne, 1721, and died in the office of physician to the queen, June 23, 1770. "The Pleasures of Imagination," his principal work, was first published in 1774; and a very extraordinary production it was, from a man who had not reached his 23d year. He had very uncommon parts and learning; a strong and enlarged way of thinking; and was one of innumerable instances to prove, that very sublime qualities may spring from very low situations in life; for lie had this in common with the most high and mighty cardinal Wolsey, that he was indeed the son of a butcher.

AKIBA, a learned rabbi, who, at the age of forty, quitted the life of a shepherd and devoted himself to literature, died 135.

ALABASTER, William, an English divine, born at Hadley, in Suffolk, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Wood says, he was the rarest poet and Grecian that any one age or nation produced. His principal work was, "Lexicon Pentaglotton, Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum," &c. fol. 1637. As a poet, he has been highly applauded. He wrote the Latin tragedy of "Roxana," 12mo. 1632, which was acted in Trinity College Hall, Cambridge. AILHAUD, John, a French surgeon, acquired and rector of Tharfield, Hertfordshire, April Dr. Alabaster died, prebendary of St. Paul's, celebrity and fortune by selling a powder which 1640. he declared would cure all diseases; he died 1756.

AIKMAN, William, an eminent Scottish painter, born at Cairney, 1682, died 1731. The celebrated poets, Thompson, Mallet, and Allan Ramsay, were his intimate friends, and wrote verses to his memory.

AILLY, Peter d', of an obscure family, rose 14

ALAGON, Claude, a native of Provence, atfor which he was put to death, 1705. tempted to introduce Spaniards into Marseilles

sur-prelate, and for his encouragement of men of letters; he died 1803.

ALAIN, Nicholas, son of a cobbler at the be-lisired 1537. ginning of the 18th century, writer of some comedies.

ALALEONA, Joseph, a native of Macerata, professor of civil law in the university of Padua, died April, 1749, aged 79.

ALAMANNI, Lewis, born at Florence, 1495, ALBEMARLE, kuppel, lord, a native of Gueldied at Amboise, in France, 1556, leaving inany ders, one of the favourites of William III., beautiful poems and other valuable performan-comminander of the Dutch forces in the last of ces in the Italian language. queen Anne's wars, defeated 1712, died 6 years after.

ALBERGATI,Capacelli, marquis, a native of Bologna; he spent his early life in dissipation, and began to reform at 34; he became distin509;guished as an author and actor at 40; and was honoured with the appellation of the Garrick of Italy; he died 1802.

ALBAN, St., said to have been the first per- ALBERT I., son of Otho, prince of Anhalt, son who suffered martyrdom for Christianity in made elector of Brandenbury, 1550; he converted Britain, and therefore usually styled the proto-vast forests into cultivated lands. martyr of this island, was born at Verulam, and flourished toward the end of the 3d century. The town of St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire, takes its name from our protomartyr.

II., who was deposed by his nobles, and taken [ficulties he proposed. He had, indeed, great prisoner by Margaret queen of Norway,died 1412. knowledge in the mathematics, and by his skill ALBERT, margrave of Brandenburg, sur-in that science might propably have formed a named the Alcibiades of Germany, was deprived head with springs capable of articulating sounds. of his possessions by the diet of the empire; Albert died at Cologne, Nov. 15, 1820, having be died 1558. written such a number of books, that they make 21 vols. in folio.

ALBERT, margrave of Brandenburg, first duke of Prussia, which he held as a fief of Poland, died 1568.

ALBERT, Erasmus, a native of Frankfort, assisted Luther in the reformation.

ALBERT KRANTZ, author of the history of Saxony and the Vandals, &c., died 1517. ALBERT of Stade, author of a chronicle from the creation to 1286, a benedictine of the 13th century.

ALBERT of Strasburg, author of a chronicle from 1270, to 1378, about the middle of the 14th century.

ALBERT, archbishop of Mentz, revolted against the emperor Henry V.

ALBERT, called the great, born in Swabia, appointed archbishop of Ratisbon, and became very learned; he died 1280.

ALBERT, Jane d', daughter of Margaret of Navarre, married at the age of 11 to the duke of Cleves, and died 1572.

ALBI, Henry, author of an uninteresting his tory of illustrious cardinals, &c., died 1659.

ALBICUS, archbishop of Prague; he wrote three treatises on medicine, which were printed at Leipsic, 1484.

ALBINOVANUS, a Latin poet of the age of Ovid; only two of his elegies are extant.

ALBINUS, Dec. Clodius, a Roman who assumed the imperial purple in opposition to Severus. He was slain in battle, 197.

ALBINUS, A. Posthum., a Roman, author of a history of his own country, in Greek, flourished about 150 B. C.

ALBINUS, Bernard, a celebrated physician, born at Dessau, in Anhalt, was professor at Frankfort, and subsequently at Leyden; he died 1721, in his 69th year.

ALBINUS, Bernard Sigfred, one of the greatest anatomists that ever existed, was born at Leyden, in 1683, and died 1771. His anatomical plates form 3 vols. folio.

ALBERT, Pierre Antonie, was rector of the French protestant episcopal church, in New- ALBINUS, Eleazer, author of a natural hisYork; much distinguished as a scholar and di-tory of birds, of which a French translation apvine; he died 1806, aged 41.

ALBERTET, a mathematician and poet, of the 13th century.

ALBERTI, Cherubino, a historical painter and engraver, of Italy, born 1552, died 1615.

peared in 1750.

ALBINUS, Peter, a historian and poet of the 16th century, and professor at Wittenberg. ALBIS, Thomas, or White, a catholic priest, and eminent philosopher of Essex, died 1676. ALBIZI, Bartholomew, a native of Rivano, Tuscany, distinguished by his preaching and

ALBERTI,Giovanni, brother of the above, excelled in the perspective and historical painting.in He was born near Florence, 1558, and died 1601.the productions of his pen, died at Pisa, 1401. ALBERTI, Dominico, a native of Venice, celebrated as a musical performer, particularly on the harpsichord, about 1737.

ALBERTI, Andrew, author of an admired treatise on perspective, published at Nuremberg, 1670.

ALBERTI, John, a German lawyer, surnamed Widman Stadius, abridged the alcoran,

&c.

ALBERTI,Leander, a Dominican of Bologna, wrote some interesting works, died 1552.

ALBOIN, or ALBÓVINUS, king of Lombardy, caused himself to be proclaimed king in 570; he was assassinated by order of his wife. ALBON, James d', a famous French general, known as marshal St. Andre; he was shot at the battle of Dreux, 1562.

ALBON, Camille, a descendant of the preceding, was born at Lyons, and died at Paris, 1778; he wrote various works.

ALBORNOS, Giles Alvarez Carillo, archbishop of Toledo, and afterwards Cardinal. ALBESTI, Leon Baptiste, a Florentine, au-He resigned his cardinal's hat, and took up thor of a valuable work on architecture, died 1485.

arms to reduce Italy to the obedience of the church. This truly great man founded the colALBERTI ARISTOTILE, called also Ri-lege of Barcelona. He died 1367. dolfe Foiravente, a celebrated mechanic of Bogna, in the 16th century.

ALBERTINI, Francis, a Calabrian Jesuit, author of some theological works, died 1619. ALBERTINO, Edmund, wrote a treatise on the eucharist, and died 1652.

ALBERTINO, Francis, a Florentine, author of a book on the wonders of ancient and modern Rome, &c., at the beginning of the 16th century. ALBERTINUS, Nussatus, an Italian, author of a history of the emperor Henry VII., &c. ALBERTUS, archbishop of Mentz, formed a conspiracy against the emperor Henry V.; the populace restored him to liberty after he was imprisoned.

ALBORNOS, Diego Philip, an ecclesiastic of Carthagena, patronised by the court in consequence of his writings.

ALBRET, a noble family in France, which has given to the kingdom, generals and states

men.

ALBRICUS, a learned philosopher and physician, born in London, studied at Oxford, and died 1217.

ALBUCASA, or ALBUCASSIS, an Arabian physician of the 11th century. He wrote some valuable tracts.

ALBUMAZAR, an Arabian physician of the 9th century, known as an astrologer. His works were published at Venice in 1526.

ALBERTUS, Magnus, a learned Dominican ALBUQUERQUE, Alphonso, a famous Porfriar, born in Swabia, 1205. He was a man of a tuguese warrior, and the founder of the power most curious and inquisitive turn of mind, of that nation in India, died at Goa, 1515. which gave rise to an accusation brought against ALBUQUERQUE, Blaise, son of the above, him, that he laboured to find out the philoso-born in 1500. He was raised to the first honours pher's stone, that he was a magician, and that of the state, and published an account of his he made a machine in the shape of a man, which father's victories, at Lisbon, in 1576.

was an oracle to him, and explained all the dif | ALBUTIUS, Ćaius Silus, a Roman orator în

the age of Augustus, who starved himself to death.

ALBUTIUS, Titus, a Roman philosopher, banished for corruption.

ALDERETTE, Bernard and Joseph, Jesuits of Malaga, at the beginning of the 17th century. They were authors of" Antiquities of Spain," and a book on the Castilian language.

ALCEUS, a famous lyric poet, born at Mity- ALDEROTI, Thaddeus, a Florentine phylene, in the island of Lesbos. Horace seems to sician of great skill. Princes and prelates only think that he was the first author of lyric poetry.were admitted as his patients; he died 1295. He flourished in the 44th Olympiad.

ALCASAR, Louis d', a Jesuit of Seville, who wrote on the apocalypse; died in 1613. ALCENDI, James, an Arabian physician, who made himself famous by his writings, as a peripatetic philosopher, about 1145.

ALDHELM, or ADELM, (St.) an English divine and historian, and bishop of Shireburn, in the time of the Saxon heptarchy. He is said to have been the first Englishman who ever wrote in Latin, and who introduced poetry into England. William of Malmesbury tells us, that the people in Aldhelm's time were half barbarians, and little attentive to religious discourses; wherefore the holy man, placing himself upon ALCHINDUS, an Arabian physician and as-a bridge, used often to stop them, and sing baltrologer of genius and learning before the 12th lads of his own composition: he thereby gained century. His works are often quoted. the favour and attention of the populace; and

ALCHABITIUS, an Arabian astrologer, author of many works on astronomy and optics, printed at Venice, 1491.

ALCIAT, Andrew, a native of Milan, cele-insensibly mixing grave and religious things with brated for his knowledge of the law, and ad-those of a jocular kind, he by this means sucvanced to the professor's chair at Avignon.ceeded better than he could have done by ausFrancis I. knew his merit and prevailed on him tere gravity. Aldhelm lived in great esteem till to remove to Bourges, where his law lectures his death, which happened May 25, 709. were much admired. The duke of Milan in- ALDHUN, a famous bishop, who built the vited him back to his native town, and bestowed cathedral at Durham; died 1018. many honours on him. Philip, king of Spain, gave him a gold chain as a mark of his favour. He died 1550. ALCIBIADES, a celebrated Athenian gene-at Pisa; died at Rome, 1558. ral, slain 404 B. C.

ALCIDAMAS, a Greek rhetorician about 420

ALCINOUS, a Platonic philosopher, who flourished about the 2d century.

ALCIPHRON, a Greek philosopher in the age of Alexander the Great.

ALCMÆON, a disciple of Pythagoras, who

dwelt at Crotona.

ALCMAN, a lyric poet, who flourished in the 27th Olympiad, at Sardis, in Lydia. He is accounted the father of love verses, is said to have first introduced the custom of singing them in public, and to have died a very singular death; viz. to have been eaten up with lice.

ALDINI, Tobias, author of a botanical work printed at Rome, 1525.

ALDOBRANDIN, Sylvester, professor of law

ALDRED, bishop of Worcester, crowned Harold king, and was raised to the see of York; he died 1068.

ALDRICH, St., bishop of Mans, distinguished for his learning, enjoyed the favour of the nobles; he died 856.

ALDRICH, Robert, Master of Eton, and bishop of Carlisle. He wrote epigrams, &c.; and died at Hornecastle, 1555.

ALDRICH, Henry, an eminent scholar, divine, architect, and musician, born at Westminster, 1647. The three sides of the quadrangle of Christ Church, Oxford, called Peck water square, were designed by him; as was also the elegant chapel of Trinity College, and the church of All-saints in the High-street. His abilities also as a musician have caused him to be ranked among the greatest masters of the science: he composed many services for the church, which are well known, as are two ALCOCK, John, bishop of Ely, and lord chan-catches of his; the one, "Hark the bonny Christ cellor of England, under Henry VII., founded Church bells," the other entitled "A Smoking Jesus College, in Cambridge, for a master, six catch;" for he himself was, it seems, a great fellows, and as many scholars, and died Octo-smoker. He died at Christ Church, 1710. ber 1, 1500. ALDRINGER, a native of Luxembourg, was ALCUINUS, or ALBINUS, Flaccus, abbot of raised by Ferdinand II. from a common soldier Canterbury, a famous English orator, philoso-to a general; he died 1634. pher, and divine, of the 8th century. ALDROVANDUS, Ulysses, professor of phyALCYONIUS, Peter, an Italian, author of sic at Bologna, and a most voluminous writer some learned publications. During the insur-on natural history, died blind, in a hospital, at rection at Rome, in 1527, he joined the pope, and Bologna, 1603. abandoned him again when the siege was raised. He had many accomplishments, but was fickle, self-conceited, and inconstant.

ALDANA, Bernard, a Spaniard, governor of Lippa, which place, in a fit of panic, he set on fire in 1552.

ALDEBERT, an impostor in France, who, by brils and pretended visions, raised himself to a bishopric. His opinions being condemned by the councils in 744 and 746, he died in prison. ALDEGRAFF, Albert, a painter and graver, was born in Westphalia, in 1502.

ALDRUDE, countess of Bertinoro, celebrated for her courage and her eloquence. She headed an army, and was victorious; she died about 1200, in Italy.

ALDUS. See MANUTIUS

ALEANDER, Jerome, archbishop under Pope Leo X., and celebrated for his attack on the doctrines of Luther, died at Rome, 1542.

ALEANDER, Jerome, great nephew to the above, distinguished as a poet, antiquarian, and en-lawyer, died at Rome, 1631.

ALEGAMBE, Philip, a native of Brussels, ALDEN, John, magistrate of Plymouth colo-professor of divinity, and a favourite of princes. ny; one of the first settlers in New-England; He wrote several esteemed works, and died at he died 1687, aged about 89 years.

Rome, 1652.

17