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7. Poland-Germany cedes to Poland the greater part of Upper Silesia, Posen and the Province of West Prussia on the left bank of the Vistula. The exact boundaries will be fred by a commission. In regard to East Prussia, a plebiscite is to determine its Wuzate frontier. A subsequent Convention will be entered into between Poland, Ger. any, and Danzig, to assure suitable railroad communication across German territory on the right bank of the Vistula between Poland and Danzig, while Poland shall grant free passage from East Prussia to Germany.

& Danzig and Memel.-Danzig and the district immediately about it will be constituted to the "Free City of Danzig," under the guarantee of the League of Nations. The actual adaries will be fixed by a commission. But Danzig shall be included within the Pash customs frontiers, and Poland shall have the use of the city's waterways, docks and sther port facilities. Memel is to be ceded by Germany to the Associated Powers, who vill decide its fate later.

i. Denmark. The frontier between Germany and Denmark to be fixed in accordance with the wishes of the population, a vote being taken in Northern Schleswig as a whole and in portions of Central Schleswig.

Heligoland. The fortifications, military establishments, and harbours of the islands Heligoland and Dune to be destroyed by German labour and at Germany's expense. 1. Russia-Germany undertakes to recognise the full independence of all the terribries which formed part of the former Russian Empire and to annul the Brest-Litovsk and other Russian treaties concluded by Germany since November, 1917.

IV.

POLITICAL CHANGES OUTSIDE EUROPE.

1. German Colonies.-Germany renounces in favour of the Allied and Associated Forers her overseas possession with all rights and titles therein.

↑ China.-Germany renounces in favour of China all privileges and indemnities ng from the Boxer Protocol of 1901, and the concessions at Tientsin and Hankow, another Chinese territory; and cedes to Japan all rights and titles as to Kiau-Chow, and the railroads, mines and cables acquired by her by treaties with China in regard to

1 Eum, Liberia and Morocco.—In each of these countries Germany renounces agreeents and rights, more especially in the case of Morocco, the Act of Algeciras and the Pato-German Agreements of 1909 and 1911. Germany also accepts all the consequences fe French Protectorate in Morocco.

4. Egypt.-Germany recognises the British Protectorate over Egypt.

V.

MILITARY AND NAVAL CONDITIONS.

1. Military.-Compulsory military service to be abolished; recruiting regulations to a voluntary basis; enlistment of non-commissioned officers and men for a period of Less than 12 consecutive years; officers to serve for 25 years, and not be retired until the age of 45. The total number of German effectives is fixed at 100,000, including not than 4,000 officers. The General Staff to be abolished. The production of military rial of all kinds is reduced according to a scale based on the requirements of an army the strength decided upon.

Naval.-The German naval forces not to exceed 6 battleships, 6 light cruisers, estroyers, and 12 torpedo boats. No submarines may be included. The personnel of aary must not exceed 15,000, including a maximum of 1,500 officers, all to be recruited luntary enlistment for a maximum period of 25 consecutive years for officers, and secutive years for men. All German warships interned in allied or neutral ports to arrendered.

Air-The armed forces of Germany must not include any military or naval air , and all military and naval aircraft must be delivered over to the Allies.

VI.
PRISONERS OF WAR.

Az obligation is imposed on all the signatory Powers to maintain all graves of the and provision is also made for the return of prisoners of war.

VII.

PUNISHMENT OF THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR WAR CRIMES.

The Allies publicly arraign the Ex-Emperor William II "for a supreme offence against ernational Morality and the Sanctity of Treaties," and will set up a special Tribunal • Apse punishinent. Other persons accused of acts of violation of the laws and Testoms of war may also be tried by military tribunals.

VIII.

REPARATION AND RESTITUTION.

1. General.-Germany undertakes to make compensation for al civilians, the total obligation to be determined by an Inter-Allied Re with its headquarters in Paris. As an immediate step towards resto pay within 2 years 20,000,000,000 marks in either gold, goods, ships, o of payment. The Commission may require Germany to give from ti guarantee, issues of bonds or other obligations to cover such claims satisfied. In this connection and on account of the total amount of are presently to be required of Germany in acknowledgment of it 20,000.000,000 marks gold, payable not later than May 1, 192 40,000,000,000 marks gold, bearing 2 per cent. interest between thereafter 5 per cent. with a 1 per cent. sinking fund, payment begi undertaking to deliver 40,000,000,000 marks gold, bearing interest terms to be fixed by the Commission.

2. Shipping.-Germany undertakes to replace ton for ton, and merchant ships or fishing boats lost or damaged owing to the war Allies all German merchant ships of 1,600 tons gross and upwards, between 1,600 and 1,000 tons gross, and one-quarter of her steam fishing-boats. As an additional part of reparation, the German Gove to build merchant ships for the account of the Allies to the amo 200,000 tons gross annually during the next five years.

3. The Devasted Areas.-Germany undertakes to devote her econor to the physical restoration of the invaded areas.

IX.
FINANCE.

Powers to which German territory is ceded will assume a certain pre-war debt, the amount to be fixed by the Reparation Commissi ratio between the revenues of the ceded territory and Germany's t three years preceding the war. In view, however, of the special which Alsace-Lorraine was separated from France in 1871, when accept any part of the French public debt, France will not assume a pre-war debt, nor will Poland share in certain German debts incurr of Poland. Mandatory Powers will not assume any German debts. the cost of the Armies of Occupation from the date of the armisti maintained on German territory, and this cost is to be a first charge

X.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.

Germany undertakes not to discriminate against the trade of of the allies to enjoy both national and most-favoured nation treatm least 5 years. Germany undertakes further to protect the trade unfair competition; not to impose on the nationals of the Allies an force before the war; and not to regard as German citizens those have become naturalised in Allied countries. For the settlement of ing offices are to be set up in each Allied State and in Germany between Allied and German nationals are cancelled, excepting for Furthermore it is agreed to re-establish the various non-political I and Conventions which, in such matters as posts, telegraphs, and san been binding on civilised Powers before the war.

XI.

AERIAL NAVIGATION.

Provision is made for the Allies to have full liberty and passage

on German territory.

XII.

PORTS, WATERWAYS AND RAILWAYS.

1. General.-Germany is to grant complete freedom of transit vessels coming from or going to Allied countries. Parts of the El and the Danube are declared international. The Danube Commissio with Great Britain, France, Italy and Rumania represented upon it Danube Commission set up with authority over that part of the

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authority of the old Commission. Provisions are also made for various canal schemes Connecting the Rhine, the Danube and the Moselle, and international railway arrangements. The German Government is to lease to the Czechoslovak Republic, for 99 years, areas in the harbours of Hamburg and Stettin as free zones.

The Kiel Canal.-The Kiel Canal to remain free and open to all ships of war and merchant shipping of all nations at peace with Germany.

XIII.

THE LABOUR CONVENTION.

Under the Labour Convention an International conference is to be held annually to propete labour reforms for adoption by States composing the League of Nations. The flowing principles are also agreed upon by all the contracting parties:-labour should at be regarded merely as a commodity or article of commerce; the right of association fall lawful purposes for the employer as well as for the employed; the payment to the erployed of a wage implying a reasonable standard of life, as understood in their time and country; the adoption of an eight hours day or a forty-eight hours week where it has st already been attained; the adoption of a weekly rest of at least twenty-four hours, reluding Sunday where practicable; the abolition of child labour and the limitation of the labour of the young, so as to permit the continuance of their education and proper ysical development; the principle of equal pay for men and women for equal work; any legal standard for conditions of labour to have regard in each country to the equitable eccomic treatment of all workers resident therein; the provision by each State of a stem of inspection for the protection of the employed, in which women should take jart.

XIV.
GUARANTEES.

As a guarantee for the execution of the Treaty, German territory to the west of the Ene, together with the bridgeheads, will be occupied by Allied and Associated troops for Efteen years. If the conditions are faithfully carried out by Germany, certain stricts, including the bridgehead of Cologne, will be evacuated at the expiration of tve Pears: certain other districts, including the bridgehead of Coblenz, will be evacuated after years, and the remainder, including the bridgehead of Mainz, will be evacuated after teen years. In case the Inter-Allied Reparation Committee finds that Germany has led to observe the whole or part of her obligations, either during the occupation or after the fifteen years have expired, the whole or part of the areas specified will be reaped immediately If before the expiration of the fifteen years Germany complies with the undertakings resulting from the present Treaty, the occupying forces will be withtraw immediately.

XV.
MI-CELLANEOUS.

Gera any recognises the validity of all subsequent Treaties of Peace to be concluded with the Powers formerly allied with Germany, and the decisions to be taken as to their ertones, and also accepts the decrees of Allied Prize Courts.

XV. THE TREATY OF PEACE WITH AUSTRIA, 1919.

The draft Treaty of Peace with Austria, which was handed to the Austrian Delegates at St. Germain on June 2, 1919, is in many respects identical with the draft Peace Treaty Germany. The Austrian Treaty consists of a Preamble and fourteen parts. Only the sections relating specificially to Austria are here summarised, as follows:

PREAMBLE.

The origin of the war is noted, and also the facts that the Austro-Hungarian Government has ceased to exist, and that the Czechoslovak State and the Serb-CroatLovene State have been recognised.

I.

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

For the text of The League of Nations, see p. xxxii.

II.

THE FUTURE AUSTRIAN FRONTIERS.

1. Northern Frontiers. (Frontier with Czechoslovakia.)-The existing administrative boundaries formerly separating the provinces of Bohemia and Moravia from those of Upper and Lower Austria. These boundaries will be subjected to certain minor rectifica*els, notably in the regions of Gmund and Feldsberg and along the River Morava.

1 See note on p. xxxviii.

Article XIII.-The Members of the League agree that whenever between them which they recognize to be suitable for submission to cannot be satisfactorily settled by diplomacy, they will submit the to arbitration.

Disputes as to the interpretation of a treaty, as to any question c to the existence of any fact which if established would constitute national obligation, or as to the extent and nature of the reparati such breach, are declared to be among those which are generally su to arbitration.

For the consideration of any snch dispute the court of arbitration referred shall be the court agreed on by the parties to the disput convention existing between them.

The Members of the League agree that they will carry out in ful that may be rendered and that they will not resort to war against a which complies therewith. In the event of any failure to carry ou Council shall propose what steps should be taken to give effect ther

Article XIV.-The Council shall formulate and submit to League for adoption plans for the establishment of a Permanent C Justice. The Court shall be competent to hear and determine any national character which the parties thereto submit to it. The Co advisory opinion upon any dispute or question referred to it by t Assembly.

Article XV.-If there should arise between Members of the Lea to lead to a rupture, which is not submitted to arbitration as abov League agree that they will submit the matter to the Council. An may effect such submission by giving notice of the existence of the di General, who will make all necessary arrangements for a full investi tion thereof.

For this purpose the parties to the dispute will communicate to as promptly as possible, statements of their case with all the relev and the Council may forthwith direct the publication thereof.

The Council shall endeavour to effect a settlement of the disput are successful, a statement shall be made public giving such fa regarding the dispute and the terms of settlement thereof as th appropriate.

If the dispute is not thus settled, the Council either unanimously shall make and publish a report containing a statement of the facts recommendations which are deemed just and proper in regard there

Any Member of the League represented on the Council may mal of the facts of the dispute and of its conclusions regarding the same If a report by the Council is unanimously agreed to by the memb the Representatives of one or more of the parties to the dispute League agree that they will not go to war with any party to the di with the recommendations of the report.

If the Council fails to reach a report which is unanimously agre thereof, other than the Representatives of one or more of the parti Members of the League reserve to themselves the right to take su consider necessary for the maintenance of right and justice.

If the dispute between the parties is claimed by one of them Council, to arise out of a matter which by international law is solel jurisdiction of that party, the Council shall so report, and shall ma as to its settlement.

The Council may in any case under this Article refer the dis The dispute shall be so referred at the request of either party to that such a request be made within fourteen days after the submis the Council.

In any case referred to the Assembly all the provisions of this XII. relating to the action and powers of the Council shall apply to of the Assembly, provided that a report made by the Assembly i Representatives of those Members of the League represented on majority of the other Members of the League, exclusive in each case of the parties to the dispute, shall have the same force as a report by in by all the members thereof other than the Representatives of on to the dispute.

Article XVI,-Should any Member of the League resort to covenants under Articles XII., XIII., or XV., it shall ipso facto mitted an act of war against all other Members of the League, v immediately to subject it to the severance of all trade or finan

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hibition of all intercourse between their nationals and the nationals of the covenantbreaking Member of the League, and the prevention of all financial, commercial, or personal intercourse between the nationals of the covenant-breaking Member of the League and the nationals of any other State, whether a Member of the League or not.

It shall be the duty of the Council in such case to recommend to the several Governments concerned what effective military or naval force the Members of the League shall severally contribute to the armed forces to be used to protect the covenants of the League. The Members of the League agree, further, that they will mutually support one another in the financial and economic measures which are taken under this Article, in order to Ininimize the loss and inconvenience resulting from the above measures, and that they will mutually support one another in resisting any special measures aimed at one of their number by the covenant-breaking Member of the League, and that they will take the necessary steps to afford passage through their territory to the forces of any of the Members of the League which are co-operating to protect the covenants of the League.

Any Member of the League which has violated any covenant of the League may be declared to be no longer a Member of the League by a vote of the Council concurred in by the Representatives of all the other Members of the League represented thereon.

Article XVII.-In the event of a dispute between any Member of the League and a State which is not a Member of the League, or between States not Members of the League, the State or States not Members of the League shall be invited to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes of such dispute, upon such conditions as the Council may deem just. If such invitation is accepted, the provisions of Articles XII. to XVI. inclusive shall be applied with such modifications as may be deemed necessary by the Council.

Upon such invitation being given the Council shall immediately institute an inquiry into the circumstances of the dispute and recommend such action as may seem best and most effectual in the circumstances.

If a State so invited shall refuse to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes of such dispute, and shall resort to war against a Member of the League, the provisions of Article XVI. shall be applicable as against the State taking such action. If both parties to the dispute when so invited refuse to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes of such dispute, the Councl may take such measures and make such recommendations as will prevent hostilities and will result in the settlement of the dispute.

Article XVIII.-Every treaty of international engagement entered into hereafter by any Member of the League shall be forthwith registered with the Secretariat and shall as soon as possible be published by it. No such treaty or international engagement shall be binding until so registered.

Article XIX. -The Assembly may from time to time advise the reconsideration by Members of the League of treaties which have become inapplicable and the consideration of international conditions whose continuance might endanger the peace of the world.

Article XX..-The Members of the League severally agree that this Covenant is accepted as abrogating all obligations or understandings inter se which are inconsistent with the terms thereof, and solemnly undertake that they will not hereafter enter into any engagements inconsistent with the terms thereof.

In case any Member of the League shall, before becoming a Member of the League, have undertaken any obligations inconsistent with the terms of this Covenant, it shall be the duty of such Member to take immediate steps to procure its release from such obligations.

Article XXI.-Nothing in this Covenant shall be deemed to affect the validity of international engagements such as treaties of arbitration or regional understandings like the Monroe Doctrine for securing the maintenance of peace.

Article XXII.-To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.

The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position, can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories on behalf of the League.

The character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the development of the people, the geographical situation of the territory, its economic conditions, and ther similar circumstances.

Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of