INTRODUCTORY TABLES December 22.-Peace negotiations opened at Brest Litovsk between Bolsheviks on the one side, and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the other. December 26.-Sir Rosslyn Wemyss succeeded Sir John Jellicoe as First Sea Lord of the Admiralty. 1918. January 20.-The Breslau sunk, and the Goeten damaged off Imbros. February 1. — Germany and AustriaHungary recognised Ukrainian Republic. February 9.-Peace signed at Brest Litovsk between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the one side, and the Ukraine Rada on the other. February 10.-Bolsheviks formally announced that Russia was out of the war. February 16. General Sir William Robertson succeeded as Chief of the British General Staff by General Sir Henry Wilson. February 18. Germany recommenced hostilities against Russia. February 20.-British occupied Khan Abu Rayot, 14 miles north of Ramadie. February 21.-Jericho captured by the Brush. February 24.-Trebizond recaptured by the Turks. February 25.-Germans took Reval. March 3.-Peace signed at Brest Litovsk between the Bolsheviks on the one side, and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the other. Peace negotiations commenced between Ramania and Central Powers. March 5.-German troops landed in the Aaland Islands. March 7.-Peace signed between Germany and Finland. March 9.-Hit, on the Euphrates, occupied by the British. March 11.-Turks recaptured Erzerum. March 13.-German troops entered Odessa. March 14.-Congress of Soviets met at Moscow, and agreed to ratify RussoGerman Peace Treaty. March 19.-The Allies protested against the German Peace with Russia. March 20.-Publication in Germany of Prince Lichnowsky's Memorandum, in which responsibility for the war is laid at the door of Germany, and of the revelations Dr. Mühlon, a former Director of Krupp's, which furnishes additional proof. March 21.-German Spring Offensive began, which eventually forced back British hae in front of Amiens and in the neighbourhood of Ypres. March 23-Paris was bombarded by long-range guns at a distance of 75 miles. March 24.-Peronne and Bapaume recaptured by the Germans. April 3.-German naval forces landed in Finland. April 5-Japanese and British marines landed in Vladivostock. xxix April 6.-Turks occupied Ardahan. April 8.-Germans occupied Charkov. April 11.-Germans retook Armentières. April 13.-Turks took Batum. April 14.-General Foch appointed Commander-in-Chief of Allied Armies in France. Germans occupied Helsingfors. April 15.-Germans captured Bailleul. April 22.-British naval forces raided Zeebrugge and Ostend. At Zeebrugge they blocked up the entrance to the Bruges Canal by sinking ships filled with concrete, and damaged the mole. At Ostend they blocked the harbour. April 26.-Kemmel Hill captured by the Germans. April 27.-British captured Kifri, north of Bagdad. The Turks occupied Kars. April 30.-Germans captured Viborg. May 1.-Germans occupied Sebastopol, where they found the greater part of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. May 7.-Peace signed at Bukarest between Germany and Rumania. May 9.-British naval forces again raided Ostend and sank the cruiser Vindictive, filled with concrete, at the entrance of the harbour. British entered Kirkuk, 110 miles S. E. of Mosul. May 17.-Pro-German plot discovered in Ireland; Sinn Fein leaders arrested. May 27.-Second German offensive commenced in the West. May 29.-Germans took Soissons. May 30.-Germans advanced to within 2 miles of Rheins. June 1.-Germans reached the heights of Neuilly and north of Chateau-Thierry. British air squadron bombarded Karls ruhe June 2.-Allied air raid on Cologne. June 4.-Germans pushed back across the Marne. June 11.-Allied counter-offensive between Montdidier and Noyon. German offensive brought to a standstill. June 14.-Turks occupied Tabriz, in Persia. June 15.-Austrian offensive begun from the Asiago Plain to the sea. June 16.-Exchange of French and German prisoners commenced. June 17.-Malinoff succeeds Radoslavoff as Premier of Bulgaria. June 27. First contingent of United States troops arrived at Genoa. July 5.-British airmen bombarded Coblenz. July 7.-British naval air forces bombarded Constantinople. July 10.-French attacks on the Marne salient. July 14.-Anglo-German agreement signed for exchange of prisoners. July 18.-Allied counter-offensive began. Soissons retaken from the Germans. July 19.-German retreat across the Marne commenced. July 21.-Chateau-Thierry occupied by the French. August 3.-Allies advanced on a 30-mile front to the Aisne and the Vesle. August 4.-German retreat continued. Allies occupied Fismes. August 6.-British on Somme salient put out of action the 27th German Division. August 7.-Mutiny of German sailors at Wilhelmshaven reported. August 8.-Successful Allied offensive on the Somme salient drove a wedge into German position. Germans began evacuating Lys salient. August 10.-French recapture Montdidier. August 15.-Allies from Archangel penetrate 100 miles from Archangel along the railway to Vologda. August 16.-Germans, under pressure from the Allies, especially in the valley of the Ancre, continued retiring. August 19.-British entered Merville. August 21.-British captured Albert. August 24.--British captured Thiepval, Bray and La Boisselle. August 27.-French captured Roye. August 29.-British captured Bapaume, and the French Noyon. August Flanders. 30.--Germans retreated from September 20.-British retook Moeuvres. September 22.-General Allenby advanc. ed beyond Nazareth. September 23.-French cavalry captured Prilet in Macedonia. In Doiran area Anglo-Greek and FrancoGreek forces joined in pursuit of Bulgarians. In Palestine British forces captured Acre and Es Salt. September 24.- Count Hertling, German Chancellor, declared in the Reichstag that the position was grave but that it did not justify the public discontent in Germany. September 25.-General Bulgarian retreat; the Monaster-Prilep-Gradsko road in the hands of the Allies. September 26.-British occupied Aminan in Palestine. Serbs captured Veles; British captured Strumitza. Fanco-American attack in the Argonne. September 27.-B armistice. British attack in broke Hindenburg li September 29.-B tice and surrendered. September 30.Roulers. British adv Quentin-Cambrai sect October 1.-Britis French captured St October 2.-Serbia October 3.-Greeks October 4.-Germa British advanced to w October 5.-King abdicated. October 6.-Ameri St. Etienne. Germans German Governmer Note to President Wil October 8.-British port of Syria. President Wilson re Peace Note. October 9.-Allies Cateau and Roncroy. October 12.- Frenc Second German America. October 13.-Frenc La Fere. October 14.-Italia President Wilson re man Peace Note, lay supremacy of the A safeguarded, the condi left to the military inhumane practices in people must change t British troops in Ir October 15.-Czech in Prague against Aus October 16.-Serbi evatz. October 17.-Allie Bruges and Lille. October 20.-Germa Note accept terms o reply to their second 1 submarines to their b October 21.-Dema for the abdication of October 22.-The T Tabriz. October 23.-Presid Germans' third Peace October 25.-Retir announced. October 26.-Britis] October 27.-The crossed the Piave. October 28.--Britis October 29.-The appealed to Mr. Lansi armistice. October 30.-The thorities demand an a ian front. WAR EXPENDITURE OF THE DOMINIONS. The following table shows for the self-governing Dominions the total war expenditure (partly estimated) up to March 31, 1919 (in the case of Newfoundland up to April 30, 1) and also the capitalised cost of pensions :-- It is obviously impossible as yet (May, 1919) to give a complete return of the total ses occasioned by the war. Not all the belligerents have issued returus, and such as are available are not on a uniform system. The following table is based on the official mates published up to May, 1919: XIII. THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS THE COVENANT. In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve in security by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war, by the just and honourable relations between nations, by the firm establi standings of international law as the actual rule of conduct among the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty of ings of organized peoples with one another, the High Contracting Covenant of the League of Nations. Article I. The original members of the League of Nations Signatories which are named in the Annex to this Covenant and al States named in the Annex as shall accede without reservation to accession shall be effected by a Declaration deposited with the S months of the coming into force of the Covenant. Notice thereof sh Members of the League. Any fully self-governing State, Dominion or Colony not named in t a Member of the League if its admission is agreed to by two-th provided that it shall give effective guarantees of its sincere intentio national obligations, and shall accept such regulations as may be pre in regard to its military and naval forces and armaments. Any Member of the League may, after two years' notice of its int draw from the League, provided that all its international obligations under this Covenant shall have been fulfilled at the time of its witho Article II.-The action of the League under this Covenant sha the instrumentality of an Assembly and of a Council, with a perman Article III.-The Assembly shall consist of Representatives o League. The Assembly shall meet at stated intervals and from time to require at the Seat of the League or at such other place as may be d The Assembly may deal at its meetings with any matter within th the League or affecting the peace of the world. At meetings of the Assembly each Member of the League shall ha not have more than three Representatives. Article IV.-The Council shall consist of Representatives of America, of the British Empire, of France, of Italy, and of J Representatives of four other Members of the League. These four M shall be selected by the Assembly from time to time in its discretion ment of the Representatives of the four Members of the League Assembly, Representatives of be members of the Council. With the approval of the majority of the Assembly, the Council Members of the League whose Representatives shall always be men the Council with like approval may increase the number of Member selected by the Assembly for representation on the Council. The Council shall meet from time to time as occasion may requir year, at the Seat of the League, or at such other place as may be dec The Council may deal at its meetings with any matter within the s League or affecting the peace of the world. Any Member of the League not represented on the Council shall Representative to sit as a member at any meeting of the Council tion of matters specially affecting the interests of that Member of the At meetings of the Council each Member of the League repres shall have one vote, and may not have more than one Representativ Article V. Except where otherwise expressly provided in this any meeting of the Assembly or of the Council shall require the agree bers of the League represented at the meeting. All matters of procedure at meetings of the Assembly or of the C appointment of Committees to investigate particular matters, sha Assembly or by the Council and may be decided by a majority League represented at the meeting. The first meeting of the Assembly and the first meeting of the C moned by the President of the United States of America. INTRODUCTORY TABLES xxxiîi Article VI.-The permanent Secretariat shall be established at the Seat of the League. The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary General and such secretaries and staff as inay be required. The first Secretary General shall be the person named in the Annex; thereafter the Secretary General shall be appointed by the Council with the approval of the majority of the Assembly. The secretaries and the staff of the Secretariat shall be appointed by the Secretary General with the approval of the Council. The Secretary General shall act in that capacity at all meetings of the Assembly and of the Council Le expenses of the Secretariat shall be borne by the Members of the League in accordance with the apportionment of the expenses of the International Bureau of the Lersal Postal Union. Article VII.-The Seat of the League is established at Geneva. The Council may at any time decide that the Seat of the League shall be established ebere. All positions under or in connexion with the League, including the Secretariat, shall be equally to men and women. epresentatives of the Members of the League and officials of the League when engaged on the business of the League shall enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities. The buildings and other property occupied by the League or its officials or by Repreves attending its meetings shall be inviolable. Article VIII.-The Members of the League recognize that the maintenance of peace Tres the reduction of national armaments to the lowest point consistent with national ty and the enforcement by common action of international obligations. The Council, taking account of the geographical situation and circumstances of each Member of the League, shall formulate plans for such reduction for the consideration and action of the several Governments. ch plans shall be subject to reconsideration and revision at least every ten years. After these plans shall have been adopted by the several Governments, the limits of arraents therein fixed shall not be exceeded without the concurrence of the Council. e Members of the League agree that the manufacture by private enterprise of tions and implements of war is open to grave objections. The Council shall advise the evil effects attendant upon such manufacture can be prevented, due regard being had to the necessities of those Members of the League which are not able to manufacture the zations and implements of war necessary for their safety. The Members of the League undertake to interchange full and frank information as to the scale of their armaments, their military and naval programmes, and the condition of s of their industries as are adaptable to warlike purposes. Article IX.-A permanent Commission shall be constituted to advise the Council on the exeration of the provisions of Articles I. and VIII. and on military and naval questions Beltrany. Article X.-The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against ental aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Meubers of the League. In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of wh aggression the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall Article XI. Any war or threat of war, whether immediately affecting any of the Mabers of the League or not, is hereby declared a matter of concern to the whole League, the League shall take any action that may be deemed wise and effectual to safeguard peace of nations. In case any such emergency should arise the Secretary General shall de request of any Member of the League forthwith summon a meeting of the Council. so declared to be the friendly right of each Member of the League to bring to the attention of the Assembly or of the Council any circumstance whatever affecting ternational relations which threaten to disturb international peace or the good understanding between nations upon which peace depends. Article XII.-The Members of the League agree that if there should arise between the any dispute likely to lead to rupture, they will submit the matter either to arbitration to inquiry by the Council, and they agree in no case to resort to war until three months after the award by the arbitrators or the report by the Council. In any case under this Article the award of the arbitrators shall be made within a reasonee, and the report of the Council shall be made within six months after the submisof the lispute. e |