money to the Government. Statistics of the Bank of Eng of December : Bank clearings, 1917, 19,121,196, 0007.; 1918, 21,197,51 Post Office Savings Bank.-Statistics for 1916 and 1912 The total amount credited to depositors at March 31 proximately 257,000,0007. The receipts and payments include purchases and sales of Gov depositors, and the interest includes dividends on stock credited to d but the amount on deposit is exclusive of such stock held for dep amounted to 104,243,8931. at the end of 1916 (against 26,077,8587. in Trustee Savings Bank.-The number of depositors in the was about 2,128,500, and the amounts due to depositor General or Government Departments, 60,984,000l. Cash, (face value) Stock; in the Special Investment Departmen invested otherwise than with the National Debt Commission Cash, and 53,4507. (face value) Stock: total Cash, 75,059, value of Stock, 22,580,7507. (Five years previously, i. number of depositors was 1,912, 820; the total Cash du 68,548,000l., and the face value of Stock, 2,795,000l.). ISLE OF MAN Money, Weights, and Measures. 87 The sovereign weighs 123 274 grains, or 7 9881 grammes, 916 (or eleventwelfths) fine, and consequently it contains 113 001 grains or 7 3224 grammes of fine gold. The shilling weighs 87 27 grains or 5'6552 grammes, 925 (or thirty-seven fortieths) fine, and thus contains 80 727 grains or 5 231 grammes of fine silver. Bronze coins consist of a mixture of copper, tin, and zinc. penny weighs 145 83 grains, or 9:45 grammes. The standard of value gold. Silver is legal tender up to 40 shillings; bronze up to 12d., but things only up to 6d. Bank of England notes are legal tender in England Aud Wales, except at the Bank itself (3 and 4 Will. 4, cap. 98). The and 10s. Treasury Notes issued since the outbreak of the War are also altender. The amount of such notes and certificates outstanding at The 23, 1919, was 349,000,0007. The amount of gold coin held by banks in the United Kingdom at June 30, 1915, is estimated at 114,200,0001., and by the general public at 75,000,000l. The bank holding at June 30, 1916, is estimated at: Imperial gold coin, 87,072,0007.; Imperial er coin, 9,800,000Z.; bronze coin, 951,000l. Standard units are of length the standard yard, of weight the standard pound of 7,000 grains (the pound troy having 5,760 grains), of capacity the an lard gallon containing 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62° F., the barometer at 30 inches. On these units all other legal weights and measures are based. ISLE OF MAN.1 The Isle of Man is administered in accordance with its own laws by the Court of Tynwald, consisting of the Governor, appointed by the Crown; the lative Council, composed chiefly of ecclesiastical and judicial dignitaries painted by the Crown, numbering 9 members, including the Governor; and the House of Keys, a representative assembly of 24 members chosen Arisons, and the 4 municipalities. Number of voters 1915, 16,138. The and is not bound by Acts of the Imperial Parliament unless specially property qualification for 7 years by the 6 'sheadings' or local sub mentioned in them. Lt. Governor.-Major-General W. Fry, C.B., C.V.O. The principal towns are Douglas (population in 1911, 21,192), Ramsey Births (1917), 647; deaths, 855. 4,247, Peel (2,605), Castletown (1,817). In 1915 there were inspected 46 elementary schools, 41 being board schools. The enrolled pupils numbered 7,213, and the average attendance 6,447. The expenditure of school boards and of primary schools for the year 294-15, amounted to 30,7047. 245 registered pupils), 14 supplementary classes (271 registered pupils), and 15 evening classes (571 registered pupils). The expenditure of higher education ards in 1914-15 was 9,9797. On December 31, 1915, 931 persons received poor-relief (103 indoor and 828 outdoor). In 1915 the police force numbered 90; in the year there were 455 persons convicted. There were, in 1915, 1 secondary school Revenue is derived mostly from customs. In 1917-18 the revenue Amounted to 119,2147.; and expenditure to 78,9487., of which 10,0001. paid to the Imperial Exchequer as contribution from the Customs revenue. Government debt (1918) 144,6277. 1 Area and population, see p. 23. The principal agricultural produce of the island consi barley, turnips and potatoes, and grasses. The total area of excluding water, is 140,986 acres; the total area of arable was 74,053 acres and of permanent grass, 18,321 acres. The under corn crops in 1918 was 27,237 acres, including 25,424 943 under wheat, and 749 under barley or bere. There were als under turnips and swedes, 3,014 under potatoes, and 34,796 sainfoin and grasses under rotation. The number of agricultu in 1918 above 1 acre in size was 1,658. The live stock in 1918 6,241 horses; 21,673 cattle; 81,723 sheep; and 3,724 pigs. mineral products in 1917 were lead ore, 165 tons (4,3607.); z tons (11,3967.); salt, 4,060 tons (6,6997.); besides igneous rock slate, sand and gravel. In 1915 there were belonging to the 272 fishing boats of an aggregate tonnage of 2,362 net tons. The registered shipping (1915) comprised 37 sailing vessel tons) and 32 steamers (8,597 net tons); total tonnage 10,214 ne tonnage of vessels entered at ports of the island in 1915 was tons (321,542 tons coastwise), and cleared 329,780 net to tons coastwise). The railways have a length of 46 miles, a 25 miles of electric railways. CHANNEL ISLANDS.1 The Channel Islands are administered according to their o customs. Jersey has a separate legal existence; it is admin Lieutenant-Governor appointed by the Crown, and a Bailiff also the Crown. The Bailiff presides in the States, which consist elected by the ratepayers for life, 12 rectors of parishes, 12 mayors of parishes, and 17 deputies; the constables and deputies for 3 years. The Lieutenant-Governor has a veto on legislati address the States but not vote. The 2 Crown officers may spea The qualification for a vote is the possession of a minimum valu or 120l. personal property. The Royal Court consists of a trib instance and an appeal court. Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark a Lieutenant-Governor, but Guernsey and Alderney have governn own, and Sark is a dependency of Guernsey and under its jurisd States for deliberation and legislation consist of a Bailiff, 12 Jura 2 Crown officers, 15 delegates of parishes, and 9 deputies elected payers of the whole island. The sheriff and jurats are chosen election. On May 10, 1905, a law was passed for the Island requiring the approval of the Lieut. -Governor and of the Roy the Island previously to the acquisition, or leasing, or o immovable property by aliens or alien companies, registration a to local rates, &c., being also provided for. The Channel Isla bound by Acts of the Imperial Parliament unless specially named Births, 1917: Jersey, 724; Guernsey, &c., 732. Deaths: Guernsey, &c., 635. Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey.—Major-General Sir A. Wilson Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey, &c.-Lieut.-General Sir L K.C. B., K.C.M.G. Appointed June, 1918. 1 Area and population, see p. 23. BOOKS OF REFERENCE 89 Finance.-Jersey, (1918): revenue, 86,5831.; expenditure, 96,2197.; public debt (1916), 414,5367. Guernsey, &c. (1914): estimated revenue, 51,0197. estimated expenditure, 1914, 51,01971. Public debt (1911), 214, 1647. The total area, and the acreage under crops and grass and the numbers of live stock in 1918 were : 1 The area of Jersey includes water, that of Guernsey, &c., excludes water. Agricultural holdings above 1 acre in size numbered 1,926 in Jersey, and 1,145 in Guernsey, &c. in 1918. The imports from the Channel Islands into the United Kingdom in 1917 amounted to 2,917,4437., of which potatoes accounted for 1,260,4407. ; tomatoes, 1,012,7321.; grapes, 113,2217.; and fresh flowers, 87,0127. The exports from the United Kingdom to the Islands in 1917 were valued at 2,007,4337. Imports, 1918, 3,719,4647.; exports, 2,300,0807. The registered shipping on December 31, 1915, comprised 50 sailing vessels of 3,706 net tons, and 10 steam vessels of 414 net tons; total tonnage, 4,120 net tons. On the same date there were on the register 316 fishing boats of 851 net tons. Books of Reference concerning Great Britain and Ireland. 1. OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. 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Baedeker's, Great Britain.-London and its Environs. Bagehot (W.), The English Constitution. London, 1913.-Lombard Street: a Description of the Money Market. London, 1913. Bonn (Moritz J.), Grundfagen der englischen Volkswirtschaft. Munich, 1914. Boutmy (E. G.), Le Developpement de la Constitution et de la Société politique en Angleterre. Paris, 1897.-Essai d'une Psychologie politique du Peuple Anglais au XIXe Siècle. Paris, 1901.-The English People. Trans. from the French. London, 1904. Brassey (T. A.), The Naval Annual. Portsmouth. Cannan (E.), History of Local Rates in England. 2nd edition. Cazamian (L.), Modern England. London, 1911. Cecil (Lord R.) and Clayton (H. J.), Our National Church. London, 1912. London, 1913. Chapman (S. J.), The Lancashire Cotton Industry. London, 1904. Chisholm (G. G.), Europe. Vol. II. In Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel. London, 1903. Cleveland-Stevens (E.), English Railways. London, 1915. Clowes (W. L.), Markham (Sir C.), Mohan (A. T.), and others, History of the Royal Navy. 7 vols. London. Collier (Price). England and the English. London, 1912. Coulevain (Pierre de). The Unknown Isle (Translated by A. Lallard) London, 1912. Dicey (À. V.), Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. 8th ed. London, 1915.-Lectures on Law and Public Opinion in England. London, 1914. Dickinson (G. L.), The Development of Parliament during the Nineteenth Century. London, 1895. London, 1899. Dilke (Sir Charles), The British Empire. Donald (R.), The Municipal Year Book. Douglas-Irvine (H.), The History of London. Dowell (Stephen), A History of Taxation, and Taxes in England. 4 vols. London, 1888. Durell (Col. A. J. U.), The Principles and Practice of the System of Control over Parliamentary Grants. London, 1917. Egerton (H. E.), A Short History of British Colonial Policy. London, 1897.- Federation and Unions within the British Empire. Oxford, 1911.-British Foreign Policy in Europe. London, 1917. English and Empire Digest (Laws of the Empire.) Vol. I. London, 1919. Fogo (R.), Local Taxation in England. London, 1902. Fortescue (Hon. J. W.), History of the British Army. 6 vols. London, 1910. Freeman (E. A.), The Growth of the English Constitution from the Earliest Times. ed. London, 1873. New Gomme (L.), London, 1914. Green (J. R.), History of the English People. 4 vols. London, 1877-80. The Making of England. New ed. London, 1897. Gretton (R. H.), A Modern History of the English People. London, 1912. - The King's Government. London, 1913.-The English Middle Class. London, 1918. Grice (J. W.), The Resources of the Empire. London, 1917. Gross (C.), The Gild Merchant: a Contribution to British Municipal History. 2 vols. London, 1890. Haggard (H. R.), Rural England. 2 vols. London, 1902. Hall (W. E.), A Treatise on the Foreign Powers and Jurisdiction of the British Crown. Oxford, 1894. Hasbach (W.), History of the English Agricultural Labourer. German.] London, 1908. London. 1912. [Translated from the Hassall (A.), History of British Foreign Policy. Hatschek (Dr. J.), Englisches Staatsrecht mit Berücksichtigung der für Schottland und Irland geltenden Sonderheiten. 2 vols. 1905. Hertslet (Sir E.), Treaties of Commerce and Navigation, &c., between Great Britain and Foreign Countries. London. Higgs (H.), The Financial System of the United Kingdom. London, 1914. Hull (E.), The Coal-fields of Great Britain: their History, Structure, and Resources. London, 1905. Humphreys (A. L ), A Handbook to County Bibliography. London, 1917. ndon. Completed 1907. |