AMERICA, ,

HISTORICAL, STATISTIC, AND DESCRIPTIVE.

BY

J. S. BUCKINGHAM, ESQ.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

FISHER, SON, & CO.

NEWGATE ST. LONDON; RUE ST. HONORÉ, PARIS.

753434

us 10048.41, 2

HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

CHAP. I.

Origin of the settlement of PennsylvaniaParentage and education of

William Penn-Origin of the name of Pennsylvania-- Arrival of the first

emigrants in the Delaware_Publication of Penn's first " frame of govern-

ment”—Treaty with the Indians for their lands— First design for the city

of Philadelphia, Penn's return to England - Affectionate farewell to his

settlement- First institution for the education of youth—Penn deprived

of his government by royal warrant-Friendship of John Locke and Lord

Somers – Restoration of Penn to his proprietary government— Illness and

death of Penn-Cessation of the Quaker authority in Pennsylvania

Declaration of American Independence in Philadelphia—Progress of

Pennsylvania in wealth and population-Description of the State, in

its scenery and resources

es Towns, manufactures, and public improve-

ments

1

CHAP. II.

Favourable site or position chosen for the city-Original plan of the founder,

William Penn-Descriptions of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers--

Arrangement and names of the streets-Style of the private dwellings,

exterior and interior-Shops, hotels, and boarding-houses- Public build-

ings of Philadelphia-Old State House, or Independence Hall—The mer-

chants' exchange and post-office_The banks of Philadelphia as works of

art-Bank of the United States, a copy of the Parthenon-Girard bank

and Philadelphia bank, Corinthian—Mint of the United States—Ionic

temple at Ilissus-University of Philadelphia, origin and progress-

Anatomical museum, and philosophical apparatus–Girard College, origin

and foundation, description of the building by the architect—The water-

works at Fair Mount-Markets of Philadelphia, supplies—The Navy-yard

-Line-of-battle ship, Pennsylvania—View of the city on approaching it

by the river

25

CHAP. III.

Prisons of reformation in Philadelphia, Visit to the prison of Moyamensing

-State and condition of this establishment_Statistics of crime and

disease-Personal inspection of the convicts at their labour-Effects of

solitary confinement without labour-Benefits of solitary confinement

with labour_The Eastern penitentiary, or state prison-Statistics of

crime and disease there—Proportions of natives and foreigners, and

white and coloured races—Churches of Philadelphia, old and new-

Religious sects, and their comparative numbers— Establishments for

education, public and private-Report on the state of education in

Pennsylvania— Philosophical Society, and Athenæum—Historical relics

in the Athenaeum-Character of its secretary, Mr. John Vaughan-Charac-

teristic letter of Benjamin Franklin—Tomb of Franklin in Philadelphia-

Epitaph— Philadelphia library, Franklin institute - Academy of sciences

- New museum, - Musical-fund hall_Public concerts Public squares for

promenades-Newspapers-Periodicals—Book stores

50

76

CHAP. IV.

Manufactures, trade, and commerce of Philadelphia - Municipal government,

mayor, aldermen— Select and common councils-Legislation - Population,

gradual increase from 1790—Proportion of white and coloured races--

Proportion of males and females in each—Proportion of deaths to the

whole numbers-Classes of society, aristocracy of birth and wealth-

Middle class of general society-Dinner from the bar to the bench of

Pennsylvania–General appearance of the inhabitants, Manners of Phila-

delphia society, Wretched condition of some labouring classes- Indivi-

dual cases of extreme distress—Decline in the spirit of benerolence-

Attributable to increasing wealth_Suggestion of a self-taxing society

- Instances of munificent legacies-Contrast of the living and the

dying......

CHAP. V.

Anti-abolition riot at Philadelphia-Opening of Pennsylvania Hall-Attack

of the mob on the building-Demolition of the hall by fire-Statements

of the public prints- Additional facts from private sources_Continued

acts of riot and disorder-Public meeting of the firemen of Philadelphia

-Apathy and tardiness of the public authorities-Opinions of the leading

journals—Proclamations of the Mayor and Governor-Attempt of the

mob on a printing-office- Arrest of one of the rioters of “respect.

able family"-Letter of David Paul Brown, the barrister-Wholesome

“ Thoughts upon Recent Events."..

92

CHAP. VI.

Benevolent institutions of Philadelphia—School for the instruction of the

blind- Munificent bequest of an Englishman-Description of the insti-

tution, and pupils—Proficiency in geography and music- Publication of

the Blind Students Magazine-Effects' produced by this excellent work-

Remarkable improvement of an idiot-Specimens of composition by the

blind-- Asylum for the deaf and dumb-Curious experiments in animal

magnetism-Utility of the discoveries growing out of it-Production of

certain dreams by magnetic influence-Dramatic effects on the mind of

a dumb boy-Equally remarkable influence on young girls—Entire change

of character in the conduct of one - Insensibility to pain during the mag-

netic sleep-Remarkable instance of nervous insensibility-Surgical

operation performed without pain, Application of animal magnetism to

surgery-New almshouse of Philadelphia - Beautiful situation of the

building—Extent and completeness of the establishment-Statistics of

the poor and lunatics— Cost of the institution and annual expense- Marine

hospital for scamen-Plan and arrangement of the marine hospital - Sea-

CONTENTS.

men of England and America— Injustice done to the former by taxation

- Superior benefits enjoyed by the latter- Comparison with Greenwich

hospital— Distaste of sailors for inland situations

110

CHAP. VII.

History and description of the Pennsylvania Hospital — Statistics of its

patients and cures, Financial resources of the establishment--Treatment

and condition of the insane.....

135

CHAP. VIII.

The seaman's friend society, The Magdalen society-Contrast of Europe

and America – Indigent widow's and single women's society, The Phil-

adelphia orphan society-Hospital for the blind and lame-Union benevo-

lent association Society for promoting Christianity in China-Proposed

new order of Missionaries— Testimony of Ellis's Polynesian researches-

Letter of the Missionaries of Sandwich Islands-Labours of Mr. Gutzlaff

in China-Reference to my proposed voyage round the globe— Theory

of the new order of Missionaries-Healing the sick, and preaching the

gospel-Success hitherto attending this union_Foundation of an ophthal.

mic hospital in China—Testimony of the Chinese who had been cured-

Formation of a general dispensary in China-Suggestion of a medical

Missionary society–Certain benefits of such an institution........... 146

CHAP. IX.

Visit to the Eastern penitentiary of Philadelphia-Statistics of crime among

its inmates --- Chief sources of crime, ignorance and intemperance.

English origin of the Pennsylvania system, Prisons of Gloucester, Glas-

gow, and Philadelphia_English, Prussian, Belgian, and French testimony

-Report of Mr. Crawford on the penitentiary system — Objections

answered by American authorities— Report to the State legislature of

Pennsylvania --Corrupt picture of society ten years ago-Contrast of

present tranquillity and order—Superior morality of the city of Philadel.

pbia Public discussion of the subject in Massachusetts-Opinions of

the legislature of Ohio-Questions of religious instruction in prisons-

Defects of this at Auburn and Sing-Sing-Superiority of this at the

Philadelphia prison — Advantages of voluntary over coerced reform-

Opinion of Mr. Surgeon, an English writer-Question of comparative

expense in the systems -Disadvantages of prisoners' intercourse at Auburn

- Advantages of prisoners' seclusion at Philadelphia-Concluding testi-

monies of De Toqueville and Crawford......

.... 167

CHAP. X.

Environs of Philadelphia, and excursions— Wilmington, by the river Dela-

ware-History of the state of Delaware—Population-White and coloured

races-- Agricultural and pastoral wealth-School-fund of the State and

schools—Principal towns of the State-Great canal from the Delaware

to the Chesapeake-Cemetery at Laurel Hill near Philadelphia-Inclined

plane of the Great Western rail-road - Village of Manayunk on the

Schuylkill ........

190