end an inch and a half. This specimen appears to be formed from a rib-bone, the convex side of which is seen in the engraving.

Fig. 64 is also made from a rib, and is, at one end, grooved like Figure 63. It is much more curved than figure 63. The ridges, eight in number, appear rounded as the result of wear.

Figure 65 resembles nothing that has hitherto found its way into our possession, nor is it like anything I have ever seen figured elsewhere. Indeed, the same may be said regarding figures 63 and 64. At one end it has been toothed like a comb. As but a small portion of the teeth remain it is impossible to say with certainty how long these were originally, but perhaps they did not exceed in length those shown in the following figure. The opposite end still has the angle it possessed as a tool, and enough remains to show that two deep grooves ran from heel to point on its narrow face, thus forming three sharp ridges fully an inch and a half long Though somewhat weathered it was probably never more than a quarter of an inch in thickness at this, its thickest end.

The toothed specimen here figured is thinner than even the one last described-its thickest part, one-third of its length from the end of the teeth, is only three-sixteenths of an inch. At first sight this might be taken for a comb, but an examination of the teeth shows that the ends have been worn wholly on one side. This specimen is six and one-eighth inches long. It was found in one of the Baptiste Lake graves.

This exceedingly odd-looking specimen (fig. 67), forms part of the collection from Brant county. The horn of which it formed a part was palmated.

Measuring seven and a half inches in length at present it does not appear that much has been broken off the fractured end, as the edge shows traces of cutting. As is the case with a few other specimens of deer-horn similarly bored, the hole is worn at an angle, suggesting the use of the tool for purpose of an arrowstraightener. See Can. Inst. Report, 1890-91, p. 56. But the condition of the longer prong in figure 67 is suggestive of usage in some other way, for it has been hollowed fully five-eighths of an inch deep, and the lips are whittled down outwardly in such a manner as to leave a tolerably sharp edge forming the margin of the hollow. It may have been, as suggested by Mr. Waters, that this portion of the tool was used as a sort of vice, pincers, or grip, in which small objects were wedged to be held while being chipped or otherwise manipulated. Mr. E. C. Waters.

FIG. 68. (Full Size.)

Simple in form as are specimens like figures 68 and 69, there is nothing known with certainty as to their use. They have been called tobacco stoppers. An old gentleman in Brant county assured me he had seen the Indians use them to fasten down skins to the ground for dréssing purposes. It has been thought

FIG. 69. (Full Size.)

they were employed as pins or as buttons for fastening articles of clothing about the person. Figures 68 and 69 show about the maximum and minimum lengths of these objects. Those here figured were found in Brant county by Mr. E. C. Waters.

Figure 70 represents a portion of an antler on the outer surface of which two deep longitudinal cuts have been made as if with the intention of cutting off strips. The cutting seems to have been performed with some short tool, probably a flint flake. The marks produced by the action of the cutter are still to be seen on the sides of cuts. E. C. Waters, Brant county.

The object here figured was no doubt used as a pipe and is the only one of horn in the museum. The bowl is a little over an inch deep. The stem-hole shows that it has been drilled with a rough-edged instrument, no doubt, flint. The

lower end is rounded, and the work has been performed with a not over-sharp knife of some sort. An attempt has also been made to round off the outside of the edge forming the lip of the bowl. E. C. Waters, Brant county.

On the prominent end of figure 72 is a series of seven ridges and six grooves. The bottom of each groove is angular, and still retains the marks made by the rude tool that did the cutting, while the faces of the ridges are smooth and round, as if the result of wear. What strikes one as the most likely use for such a tool is the marking of pottery. Having tested it on a piece of clay (see fig. 73), satisfactory results were produced-perhaps the results were too satisfactory, for the pattern I formed possessed a regularity that seldom characterizes the linemarkings on Indian pottery, and this without any attempt on my part to be at all exact. Besides this, I found that the pressure required to make the lines deep enough would be likely to throw the vessel out of shape, unless, indeed, we suppose that one hand supported the material inside, while with the other the pattern was produced outside. It is, at any rate, certain that the tool could have been used in this way, but that it was so used it would be rash to assert. E. C. Waters, Brant county.

Implements like the horn specimen figured here are not found very frequently, perhaps rather on account of their liability to decay than because there

were not many in use. This one is nine and one-fourth inches long, and two and three-fourths across its widest part. For cutting purposes it never could have been of much account, but as a tool for the removal of bark from trees, or as a spade, or a hoe, it was capable of doing fairly good work. The edges bear the tool-marks of him who shaped the implement, but for fully half the distance from the sharpened end, these are worn smooth, just as we might expect to find them if the implement had been used as here suggested. E. C. Waters, Brant county.

FIG. 75.

FIG. 76.

In a gravel-pit near the town of Simcoe were found the lower thirds of two human femurs, and the whole of a tibia, each of which is bored as seen in the illustrations. The other fragmentary femur is not shown, because it corresponds in every particular with the one represented here, except that it is a little shorter. In the tibia (only part of which is engraved) it will be observed that three holes are bored side by side, and in line. Unfortunately, since the find was made, a mouse has made free with this specimen and has nibbled away the portions that separated the holes. Along with these there were an eyed bone needle of the usual type and a foreign shell (a species of Natica also bored), the two being attached by a strand of hair.

Mr. W. P. Byrch, of this city, suggests that these bones were probably so treated, in connection with a belief that stuffing the holes with poisonous substances would induce bodily pains in persons against whom the operator had a grudge. The presence of the bone needle, the shell and the hair, gives colour to the belief that witchery or enchantment had something to do with the boring of the holes in the bones, and with the burial of the bones themselves. Mr. Byrch states that the Indians of Cape Croker still entertain a belief of the kind mentioned.

1

SHELL.

Fig. 77 seems to be an ornament of some kind made from the columella of a sub-tropical shell. It may have been a tool of some kind, the use of which is not apparent, unless the point at one end and the smooth rounded edge at

FIG. 77. (Size.)

the other are suggestive of application in marking patterns on pottery. It is not likely, however, that material so scarce, and therefore so precious, would be employed in any such way. Mr. E. C. Waters, Brant county.

Fig. 78 is from the child's grave already mentioned. It appears to be the upper portion of a hair-comb, the teeth of which are decayed. In all likelihood it was used for fastening, or adorning, rather than for dressing the hair. The material is wood, and the workmanship would indicate the use of tools other than stone.