longation that has been made to extend beyond the ear, if ear it be, and not merely an ornament. The arrangement of lines on figure 4 forms a very simple pattern, quite unlike anything on clay in our possession. The material and finish of this vessel are nearly as good as those of the specimen from the county of Lanark (Fig. 2). Its thickness is pretty uniform and averages not more than three-sixteenths of an inch.

This smallest of small clay vessels, (fig. 5) we may readily suppose, was only a toy. A bit of clay has been hastily moulded on the end of a finger and burnt, most likely, along with some larger articles. Not only does the shape of the hole correspond with that of the first joint of the finger, but the impression made by the nail may still be distinguished. Township of Whitchurch. Mr. W. G. Long.

CLAY PIPES.

This illustration gives a good idea of a serpent or snake pipe found by Mr. T. B. Scott of the Scotch Line, near the town of Perth. As a piece of clay modeling it is remarkable for its boldness of design, if not so much for the delicacy of its execution. Two intertwined snakes form the bowl, their tails extending along the stem fully an inch in the present imperfect condition of the pipe, and

perhaps twice that distance originally. The heads are well formed, the mouths clearly cut, and the eyes deeply pitted as if made by the pressure of some round and flat-ended tool. Diagonal lines, not very regularly made, across the body, serve to represent scales, It is a pity that this pipe has lost a portion of its stem, perhaps not less than two inches. We are deeply indebted to Mr. T. B. Scott for placing this and several other specimens in our cases.

Fig. 7 is a very good cut of the only perfect square-mouthed clay pipe in our collection, which includes nearly forty in a fragmentary condition. As most of these were found in Nottawasaga, this type of pipe is known as the Huron Pipe, par excellence. The specimen figured here was found by Mr. Robins on the Baptiste Lake burial ground, situated on the farm of Mr. Mulcahy in Herschell township.

Of about thirty imperfect clay pipes from Brant County, Figure 8 illustrates the only one that is at all tastefully marked, the pattern being one commonly met with on pottery fragments in the neighborhood of Toronto. In Vaughan township this is the pattern most frequently seen. Mr. E.C. Waters.

The small size of some clay pipes has led to the conclusion that they were made as toys for the use of

FIG. 7. (Full Size).

children. Occasionally such pipes are not only small, but they are so rude in form as to make it tolerably clear that children were

themselves the artificers. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate both kinds. The former is the work of a master hand, and the clay has been carefully tempered with powdered shell. The bowl is elliptical, the longer axis being at right

angles to the stem. The cavity in this pipe is large enough to have rendered it, though on a small scale, a man's pipe. The bowl of figure 10 will scarcely admit the little finger, and the stem-hole is no larger than a common pin. The clay has not been tempered in any way. Both form part of the collection made by Capt. Spain in Norfolk County.

The half bat-like human face shown at figure 11 is on part of a pipe found in York township by Mr. W. G. Long. The head is placed with good effect, like a medallion, on the side of the bowl, with little more than the ear-like appendages extending above the edge. As in many, perhaps most of such clay pipes, the face is made to look towards the smoker.

The workmanship, or, if it may be so expressed, the art, exemplified in figure 12 is different from anything else in the museum. What the nose was like we

may only surmise, for little of it remains. The treatment of the eyes is quite uncommon. An oval depression about one millimetre in depth has been formed, in the centre of which is an elevation deeply punctured. The hollow to repre

sent the eye has been made with a pointed tool, inserted three times side by side. The mouth has been formed in the same way, and it is the septa of clay remaining between the punctures that in the one case makes it appear that an attempt has been made to represent eye-balls, and in the other case, teeth. There is no attempt to form lips. The surface is smooth and well finished. York township. Mr. W. G. Long.

A not uncommon design on clay pipes is that of a man whose head terminates in a peak, and whose face, extending above the lip of the bowl, has a simian appearance from having been moulded by a finger-pinch. Sometimes one hand rests on the breast while the other extends to the mouth, and sometimes both reach the mouth. The legs in such pipes are very much conventionalised, and often merge into scalloped ribs running along the stem. Figure 13 is in many respects an improvement on this design so far as the fragmentary specimen allows us to judge. Unfortunately the head is missing, but the arms and hands are moulded with an amount of graphic rudeness not usual in this type. Teeth, fingers, and toes were seldom attempted by the Indian workman. In figure 13 the fingers are represented, but the left hand is much larger than the right. Posteriorly the legs are in fair relief, but in front they scarcely stand out beyond the body of the bowl, and are footless. The back of the figure forms a sharp angle, and is neatly impressed with a row of small dots. York township. Mr. W. G. Long.

FIG. 14. (Half Size). and a half long, and an inch Waters.

As a rule the Indian maker of clay pipes did not display much of his fine work on the stems, which are generally round and perfectly plain. Figure 14 illustrates an exception. With one convex side, and two flat ones, meeting in a rib, this stem is a singular one. It is two inches wide at the larger end. Brant County. Mr. E. C.

brown, compact argillite. Figure 16 too, differs from the others in having the sides form sharp angles with one another. With the exception of Figure 20, all

these pipes are, in cross section about twice as long as they are wide-a similar section of Figure 20 is perfectly circular. Figures 17 and 18 which most closely resemble each other in shape, seem also to have been made from the same piece of material, of a pale, yellow tint. Figure 19 is darker in color with a shade of brown, and Figure 20 is a mottled gray. All have small holes at the base for securing them to their stems, and in Figure 19 a beginning has been made from

FIG. 21.

(Size).

each side in the making of a second hole. Only in Figure 20 is the bowl-hole perfectly round, it is nearly so in figure 18, quite oval in Figure 17 and in Figure 19, in which the wall of the bowl has been cut away quite thin so as to form in this smallest of all these pipes a cavity of the largest capacity. The specimens here figured were found by Messrs. Robins and Mulcahy, Dr. T. A. Beeman and myself at different times.

Figure 21 represents one of many valuable specimens found by Dr. T. W. Beeman on the shores of Lake Rideau. It is of a dark brown steatite, and remarkable for the accuracy with which it is formed. Enough of the stem is left to show that it was of the flattened variety. In width it exceeds the diameter of the bowl about one-fourth of an inch, measuring an inch and an eighth across, while it is only five sixteenths of an inch in thickhess. The edges of the stem

are delicately ornamented with plain zig-zag lines.