Pope LEO XIII. is the 258th Pope, and was born March 2nd, 1810, and elected Pope, February

Proverb-Much care brings grey hair.

TITHE RENT CHARGE TABLE.

Prepared by REV. CANON WATSON, Editor of the Peterboro' Diocesan Kalendar.

Shewing value of Tithe Rent Charge of £ico for every year since passing of Tithe Commutation Act.

The payments for the half-year ending January 1, are regulated by the average of the preceding year, so that the half-year's rent charge due 1st January, 1897, is the half of £71 9s. 63d., or £35 14s. 91d. for each £100 of apportionment.

The prices per bushel upon which the Commutation of Tithes was based, being the average of the 7 years next preceding Christmas, 1835, were-Wheat, 7/0; Barley, 3/113; Oats, 2/9.

therefore for every £100 0s. Od. of tithe, in any subsequent year, 94°955489 bushels of wheat, 168 421052 of barley, and 242'424242 of oats were to be purchasable at the average prices for the 7 preceding years, and the sum required to make that purchase was to represent the value of £100 rent charge in that year; therefore for the year 1895 we have

Thus a rise of a penny in the average price of a bushel of Oats during the preceding 7 years adds about £1 to the value of £100 Tithe Rent Charge in any year; the same rise in Barley adds about 14/, and in Wheat about 7/10.

Table showing the difference between the Tithe Rent Charge when calculated according to the average price of corn during the preceding year, and during the 7 preceding years.

This table shews the changes which would take place in value of £100 rent charge if it depended on the average price of corn during the preceding year instead of the 7 preceding years. The advantage of the existing scheme in 1891-93 was with the Tithe payer, in 1894-96 it was with the Tithe-owner. It was so to a greater extent in some former years; e.g., taking intervals of 10 years, in 1848, £102 Is. od. was paid instead of £131 5s. od.; in 1858, £105 16s. 3d. instead of £115 10s. od.; in 1868, £100 138. 8d. instead of 119 138. od. The changes in value are more gradual under the existing scheme.

Proverb-The nearer the bone the sweeter the meat.

ECCLESIASTICAL COLOURS.

There are at the present time in the Church of England two prevailing "systems" of colours to indicate seasons and Saints' days in the Church year: (1) The Roman, corresponding with that of the Roman Church, and (2) The old English, sometimes called Sarum. The Sarum written rules for colours are rather fragmentary, but those in the subjoined paragraph, called "Old English," were common to nearly all English churches, Sarum included.

ROMAN USE-White is proper for Feasts of Our Lord and the Virgin Mary, for Saints' days (other than Martyrs), Trinity Sunday, Harvest and Dedication Festivals, Baptisms, Confirmations, Marriages, and Ordinations. Red is proper for Saints' days being Martyrs, and for Whitsuntide. Green for ordinary Sun

days and ferias. Violet for all penitential seasons, including Lent, Advent, Ember, and Rogation days, also for Vigils (Black is used on Good Friday and at funerals).

OLD ENGLISH USE - Bright Red for all Apostles, Evangelists, Martyrs, as well as for Whitsuntide, Confirmation, Ordination, Trinity Sunday and Sundays after Trinity. White as in the Roman use, except where_red is to be used. Yellow, Blue, or Green for Confessors. Purple-brown or any sombre colour for Advent, Septuagesima, and Lent (excluding Passion-tide); Black for funerals; Red with Black for Passion-tide.

Plain vestments of dull red, blue, &c., for ordinary ferias, and ordinary Sundays where red is not used.

UNIVERSITY DEGREES

A.K.C.-Associate (Theological) of King's College. Black silk, edged mauve silk.

B.A.-Bachelor of Arts. Granted by all Universities excepting those of Scotland. Black, trimmed white fur; Lampeter, border of white fur spotted with black; London Univ. has an edging inside of russet-brown silk.

B.C.L.-Bachelor of Civil Law. Oxford, pale blue silk, white fur trimming; Durham, purple silk, bound white fur.

B.D.-Bachelor of Divinity. Granted by all Universities but London and Queen's Univ., Ireland. Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin and Durham, plain black silk; Aberdeen, black silk, red silk lining; Edinburgh, purple silk, white fur border; Glasgow, black silk, black velvet border, lined purple silk; Lampeter, black lined puce; St. Andrews, violet silk, white satin lining.

B.Eng. Bachelor of Engineering. Dublin and Queen's Univ., Ireland. Black silk, lined green. B.S.-Bachelor of Surgery. Cambridge, Dublin, and London. Dublin, crimson silk, bound blue, black lining.

B.Sc.-Bachelor of Science. Edinburgh, Glasgow, and London. Edinburgh, black silk, green lining, white fur border; Glasgow, black silk, lined yellow silk; London, black, with inside edging of gold-coloured silk.

D.C.L.-Doctor of Civil Law. Durham and Oxford. Durham, scarlet cashmere, white silk lining; Oxford, scarlet cloth, crimson silk lining. D.D.- -Doctor of Divinity. All Universities but London and Queen's University, Ireland. Aberdeen, purple cloth, white silk lining; Cambridge, scarlet cloth, pink silk lining; Durham, scarlet cashmere, lined purple silk; Edinburgh, black cloth, purple silk lining; Glasgow, black velvet, black silk lining; Oxford, scarlet cloth, black silk lining; St. Andrews, violet cashmere, white satin lining.

D.Lit.-Doctor of Literature. London, scarlet cloth, lined russet silk.

D.Sc.-Doctor of Science. Edinburgh, Glasgow, and London. Edinburgh, black cloth, lined green silk; Glasgow, black velvet, goldcoloured silk lining; London, scarlet cloth, lined gold-coloured silk.

LL.B. or B.L.-Bachelor of Laws. All Universities but Aberdeen, Durham, Oxford, and St. Andrews. Cambridge, same as for B.A.; Dublin and Queen's Univ., black silk, lined white; Edinburgh, black silk, blue silk lining, border of white fur; Glasgow, black silk, dark red silk lining; London, black silk, blue silk edging.

LL.D. Doctor of Laws. All Universities but Durham and Oxford. Aberdeen, purple cloth, pale blue silk lining; Cambridge, Dublin, and

AND HOODS.

Queen's Univ., scarlet cloth, lined pink silk; Edinburgh, black cloth, blue silk lining; Glasgow, black velvet, dark red silk lining; London, scarlet cloth, blue silk lining; St. Andrews, scarlet cloth or silk, white satin lining.

LL.M.-Master of Laws. Cambridge, Black

silk, lined white.

L.Th.-Licentiate of Theology. Durham, Black silk, faced velvet, and bound purple silk.

M.A.-Master of Arts. All Universities. Aberdeen, Cambridge, and Edinburgh, black silk, lined white silk; Dublin and Queen's Univ., black silk, lined dark blue; Durham, black silk, lined purple silk; Glasgow, black silk, lined bell-heather red silk; London, black silk, lined russet silk; Oxford and St. Andrews, black silk, lined red silk.

M.B.-Bachelor of Medicine. All Universities but Queen's University, Ireland. Aberdeen, Dublin, and Edinburgh, black silk, crimson silk lining, border of white fur; Cambridge, black silk, white silk lining; Durham, scarlet silk, lined purple, and bound white fur; Glasgow, black cloth, lined scarlet silk; London, black silk, violet silk edging; Oxford, dark blue silk, white fur trimming; St. Andrews, crimson silk, lining white satin.

M.D.-Doctor of Medicine. All Universities. Aberdeen, purple cloth, crimson silk lining; Cambridge, scarlet cloth, pink silk lining; Dublin, Oxford, and Queen's Univ., scarlet cloth, crimson silk lining; Durham, purple cashmere, lined scarlet silk; Edinburgh, black cloth, crimson silk lining; Glasgow, black silk, lined scarlet silk; London, scarlet cloth, violet silk lining; St. Andrews, crimson cloth, white satin lining.

M. Eng. Master of Engineering. Dublin, white silk, lined green.

M.S., M.Ch., C.M., or M.C.-Master of Surgery. All Universities but Oxford. Hood: Cambridge, same as M.A.; Dublin and Queen's Univ., crimson silk, bound blue, white lining; Glasgow, black cloth, lined scarlet silk; London, black silk, lined violet silk; St. Andrews, crimson silk, white satin lining.

Mus. Bac.-Bachelor of Music. All Universities except the Scottish. Cambridge, same as B.A.; Dublin, blue silk, white fur border; Durham, white silk, purple silk lining, bound fur; London, blue silk, white watered silk lining; Oxford, lilac silk, white fur trimming.

Mus. Doc.-Doctor of Music. All Universities except the Scottish. Cambridge, puce silk, lined white; Dublin, crimson cloth, white silk lining; Durham, scarlet silk, purple silk lining; London, blue silk, white watered silk lining; Oxford, white silk brocade, lined crimson silk. K 2

Proverb-A penny saved is a penny gained.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

Lady Marg. Hall.-Miss E. Wordsworth, Prin. Somerville Hall.-Miss A. Maitland, Prin. S. Hugh's Hall.-Miss C. A. E. Moberly, Prin. Proverb-Want is the mother of industry.