1797 Bass's Straits.-Mr. Bass, Surgeon of H.M.S. Reliance, penetrated as far as Western Port, in a small open boat, from Port Jackson, and was of opinion that a Strait existed between New South Wales and Van Dieman's Land. In 1799, Lieut. Flinders circumnavigated Van Dieman's Land, and named the Strait after Mr. Bass. 1804, 5, 6 Missouri explored to its sources by Captains Lewis and Clarke, and the origin and source of the Columbia ascertained. 1819 Barrow's Straits-discovered by Lieut. Parry, who penetrated as far as Melville Island, in lat. 74° 26' N., and long. 113° 47′ W. The Strait was entered on the 3d August. The lowest state of the thermometer was 55° below zero of Fahrenheit. 1819 New South Shetland-discovered by Mr. Smith, of the brig William, bound to Valparaiso. 1819 North America-The northern limits of, determined by Capt. Franklin, 1822 from the mouth of the Coppermine River to Cape Turnagain. 1821 Asia-The northern limits of, determined by Baron Wrangel. 1825-6 North America-Franklin's second expedition, in which the coast between the mouths of the Coppermine and M'Kenzie's rivers, and the coast from the mouth of the latter to 149 W. long. were discovered. 1827 North America.-In August of this year, Captain Beechey, in H.M.S. Blossom, discovered the coast from Icy Cape to Point Barrow, leaving about 140 miles of coast unexplored between this Point and Point Beechey. Point Barrow is in 1560 W. long. XIII. EMPERORS OF CONSTANTINOPLE. A Chronological Series of the Emperors of Constantinople from the time of Egbert the Great, King of England, A.D. 800, to the Conquest of that City by the Turks in 1453, and continued from that date to the Year 1829-showing both the Christian and Mohammedan Era, at the Accession of each Monarch. Intended as a Supplement to the "Comparative Chronological Table of European Monarchs" in the Companion for 1829. Chris- Year of tian the Era. Hegira. 800 184 Irene, the 40th monarch from Constantine the Great, who succeeded her son, Constantine VI., murdered by her A.D. 797, or, according to some authorities, 792. 802 186 Nicephorus I. 811 196 Michael I., Rhangabè. Leo V., the Arminian. 298 307 911 Leo VI., the Sage. Alexander, and Constantinus VII., Porphyrogenitus, 348 Romanus II., the Boy. 959 963 352 969 359 976 365 1025 416 1028 419 1034 425 1041 433 Nicephorus II., Phocas. Basil II. and Constantine IX. Romanus III. Michael IV:, the Paphlagonian. 1042 433 Zoe and Theodora. 1042 433 Constantine X., Monomachus. F 1059 451 Constantine XI., Ducas. Eudocia and her sons, Michael, Andronicus, and Constan- Romanus III., Diogenes, who married Eudocia. 1054 446 Theodora. Michael VI., Stratioticus. 449 Isaac I., Comnenus. 1067 459 1067 459 1071 1078 463 470 1081 1118 473 512 1143 537 1195 591 John Comnenus, the Handsome. Manuel Comnenus. Alexius Comnenus II. Andronicus I., Comnenus. Alexius Angelus. Isaac Angelus restored. Alexius Ducas, or Mourzoufle. In this year the City of Con- John de Brienne, King of Jerusalem, Regent and joint Michael Paleologus retakes Constantinople, and expels 681 Andronicus Paleologus, the Elder. 1292 691 Andronicus Paleologus and Michael. 720 Andronicus Paleologus alone. 1320 1323 1328 723 Andronicus Paleologus and Andronicus the Younger. 1341 742 John Cantacuzene. John Paleologus. 793 Manuel Paleologus. John Paleologus II. Constantine Paleologus, the last Christian Emperor. On the 918 Selim I. 1520 926 Solyman, the Magnificent. 1566 974 Selim II. 982 Amurath, or Morat III. 1574 1595 1003 Mohammed III. 1604 1012 Achmed I. 1617 1026 Mustapha, or Moostâphâ I. 1618 1027 Osman I. 1622 1031 Mustapha restored. King of Prussia, Frederic William III. 1789 1203 Selim III. 1808 1223 Mohammed VI. the present Emperor, A.D. 1829, a.h. 1245. *For an explanation of the Era of the Hegira, see p. 23. XIV.-REIGNING SOVEREIGNS IN EUROPE; ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE DATE OF THEIR ACCESSION. Duke of Saxe Altenbourg (formerlyHildbourghausen), Frederic Sep. 22, 1780. Prince of Schwarzbourg Sonderhausen, Gunther Age at time of Accession. 17 Apr. 24, 1785. 28 Dec. 26, 1785. Feb. 13, 1787. Apr. 6, 1790. Mar. 2, 1792. 24 Oct. 14, 1794, Apr. 9, 1796. Nov. 16, 1797. Prince of Lippe-Detmold, Leopold Duke of Saxe Meiningen, Bernard Prince of Lichtenstein, John Joseph Duke of Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, Ernest. Prince of Schwarzbourg-Roudolstadt, Gunther. King of Denmark, Frederic VI.. Mar. 13, 1808. King of Spain, Ferdinand VII. Sultan of Turkey, Mahmoud II. . Prince of Hohenzollern-Heckingen, Frederic Prince of Waldeck, George King of the Netherlands, William I. Dec. 3, Duchess of Parma, Maria Louisa Duke of Modena, Francis IV. June 8, 1815. XV. PROPORTION of REVENUE, &c. to POPULATION. Proportion of Revenue to Population. Proportion of the Army to the Population. Every inhabitant. inhabitants. 0 4 94 United States 1977 Norway has Proportion of Representation to Population. 75 deputies, or 1 to every 14,000 inhabitants. Great Britain The Netherlands 658 110 The United States 187 France XVI. NUMBER OF JEWS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. EUROPE. In Russia and Poland, 658,809; Austria, 453,524; European Turkey, 321,000; States of the German Confederation, 138,000; Prussia, 134,000; Netherlands, 80,000; France, 60,000; Italy, 36,000; Great Britain, 12,000; Cracow, 7300; Ionian Isles, 7000; Denmark, 6000; Switzerland, 1970; Sweden, 450. Total number of Jews in Europe, 1,918,053, or a proportion of 113th part of the population calculated at 227 millions. ASIA.-Asiatic Turkey, 300,000; Arabias, 200,000; Hindostan, 100,000; China, 60,000; Turkistan, 40,000; Province of Iran, 35,000; Russia in Asia, 3000. Total, 738,000. AFRICA.-Morocco and Fez, 300,000; Tunis, 130,000; Algiers, 30,000; Gabès, or Habesh, 20,000; Tripoli, 12,000; Egypt, 12,000. Total 504,000. AMERICA.-North America, 5000; Netherlandish Colonies, 500; Demerara and Essequibo, 200: Total, 5700. New Holland, 50.—(Weimar Ephem. Geog.) XVII. MILBANK PENITENTIARY. From the annual Report of this establishment for the last year, it appears that on the 31st December, 1827, there were 471 male prisoners, and that 177 had been received during the year. Of the whole of these, 12 had died, and 83 had been discharged, leaving a total number remaining on the 31st December, 1828, of 553 of female prisoners there were 113 in the establishment at the close of 1827, 74 had been received during 1828, three had died, 40 had been discharged, and one had been sent to Bethlehem, making a total number of females remaining in the Penitentiary at the beginning of this year, 143. The earnings of the prisoners during the year are valued at 41917. 13s. 6d. ; viz. of the males, in manufacturing, 31027. 15s., of the same as wardsmen, cooks, and bakers, 3471. 2s. 6d., of the females in needle-work, 3117. 19s. 6d., as wardswomen, cooks, and laundry-women, 4297. 18s. 6d. After deducting allowances to prisoners (one-eighth on manufactures, two-eighths on wages, and to officers one-eighth on manufactures), the profit arising to the establishment, and employed towards defraying its expenses, amounted to 25617. Os. 10d. on the manufactures, and 5827. 15s. 9d. on the wages. The net prison expense amounted to 19,1947. 10s. 8d., to which is added 5180l. 9s. 7d. the cost of a new lodge erected under the direction of Mr. Smirke. Out of 83 convicts, viz., 62 males and 21 females who had received his Majesty's pardon, between the re-opening of the prison and the 31st of December, 1827, the prisoners who have actually received gratuities for one year's good conduct, after they quitted the prison, under the regulations contained in the rules of the Penitentiary on that head, are 43; viz. 33 males, and 10 females; and there are eight others, viz. seven males and one female, who are ascertained to be in respectable situations, and going on well, though they have not claimed the reward. Two males have died since their release from the prison. Three males and four females have committed fresh offences, and three males are believed to be leading a disorderly or disreputable life; 13 males and six females are considered as doubtful characters; and one male, who is gone to sea, makes up the 83. XVIII. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL According to the last report of the National Vaccine Establishment, dated the 2nd of March, the number of persons who have died of small pox in the course of the last year, within the bills of mortality, amounts to 598; and the report states, that there is no reason to think that this distemper has abated any thing of its. virulence, or that it is more controllable by the expedients of medical art than it was in the times of its more general prevalence; for that it still proves fatal to one out of three of those who take it in the natural way. The report further states, that more than 10,000 of the poor have been vaccinated in London and its neighbourhood since last year's report; and that, from the records of the last year's experience of the Small Pox Hospital, it appears that no patient admitted there under small pox, after vaccination, had been vaccinated by any officer of the national establishment; whence it is presumed that when the operation has been performed with due care and intelligence, it is much less liable to be followed by small pox. The correspondence of the establishment with various parts of the world, which is represented as having become more extensive than ever, is stated to warrant the conclusion, that there is no increase in the proportion of cases of small pox after vaccination, and that the efficacy of the vaccine lymph is not weakened or deteriorated by transmission through any number of subjects in the course of any number of years. |