contain 84 feet, and in every place of the wall (the outward stonework) it is 24 feet high, and 6 feet thick. The gates are all battlemented, but to two of them there is no going up, so that they serve to no great use; neither have they made any leaves for their gates, but make two draw-bridges serve for two of them, and two portcullices (falling gates or doors, like harrows,) for the other two. The bulwarks are very large and good, being in number, nine, besides two half bulwarks; and for four of them, there may be four cannons, or other great pieces, the rest are not all out so large, but wanteth very little. The rampart within the City, is twelve feet thick of earth; all things are very well and substantially done, saving there wanteth a house for the soldiers to stand in during the night, to defend them from the weather, which is most extreme in these parts."

Of the bulwarks mentioned here, four were originally named as follows:-"1st, the King's bulwark, on the west of the ferry-port (gate)-2d, Master Wabion's bulwark also on the west of the ferry-port-3d, Chichester's bulwark, on the south of the ship-quay-gate-4th, the Prince's bulwark, on the south side of the bishop's gate." The original names of the five remaining bulwarks have not been ascertained. The deficiencies alluded to by Pynnar, were supplied soon after when the corporation of London, by the command of his majesty, gave orders "to build and erect guard-houses, sentinel-houses, stairs, and passages, to the bulwarks and ramparts, where they are deficient or defective, and to have in redinesse at all times two lasts of corn powder and 500 culverine shott of iron and 500 demi-culverine shott of iron, and 1000 for sakers, with match and linstocks, and other provision for the gunners to feight with; all the powder to bee into double casks, and the king's soulders shall be supplied out of his majesties stores;" in consequence of which, they commenced to build three guardhouses and eight platforms. Two of the guard or sentinelhouses then erected, still remain, and may be seen, one on each side of the south (or church) bastion.

In the plan of the City and fortifications, as drawn by Captain Neville, at the close of the memorable siege in 1689, the bulwarks or bastions were popularly known as follows:

* Ordnance Survey.

+ Ordnance Survey.

A-Double bastion, so called from its having been divided by a wall which reached from the face to the middle of the gorge. On this bastion the governor erected a gallows (in sight of the besiegers) for the express purpose of executing the prisoners taken in war by the besieged, as retribution for the inhuman treatment" which their friends and adherents had received when driven under the walls to perish, by the army of James II.

B-Royal bastion, from the hoisting of a red flag upon it, in defiance to the enemy.

C-A platform.

D-Hangman's bastion (rather a demi-bastion,) so named from a person who had been making his escape from the town with the assistance of a rope cast over the wall, which, it appears, got round his neck and strangled him.

E-Gunner's bastion (demi-bastion,) the master-gunner's house having stood near it.

F-Coward's bastion, as it was most retired and out of danger.

G-Water bastion, the tide flowed to it.
H-New-gate bastion.

I-Ferry bastion.

K-Church or south bastion.

There is now (1846) no part of the dry ditch to be seen. The coward's bastion was, a few years ago, entirely removed to make room for the butter market,* and also part of the hangman's bastion. The gunner's bastion was removed about the same time to widen the street from the cow-bog (or old cow-market) to Butcher's-gate. Six of the bastions have been lately enclosed with substantial metal railing by the Irish Society, and three are tastefully planted with shrubs and flowers by some of the citizens. In the royal bastion the testimonial is erected. A most convenient passage has been lately made through the Water-bastion to Foyle-street.

The Ordnance or Cannon.-In surveying our bulwarks, the attention of strangers is, at once, struck with those huge masses of metal which still remain as terrific witnesses of "the valorous actions and great achievements of days long past:"-occupying the same ground, and in the same posi

* In removing it, a human skeleton entire and apparently erect, was found imbedded in the rampart.

Neville's plan and the testimonial shall be noticed farther on.

tion, they silently point out, as it were, that ground which was in the occupation of their 20,000 assailants, against whom they "thundered defiance with compliments irresistible." Of these guns a few are yet preserved, but the greater number of them which were then in use, has been converted to the quiet purposes of peace, serving as posts for fastening cables, protecting the corners of streets, &c.There are at present seven in the south-west or double bastion, two of which are inscribed :

"Vintners, London, 1642;

"Mercers, London, 1642."

a rose,

Of the others one bears the arms of Elizabeth " surmounted by a crown" with the letters "ER" at each side, and below, the date "1590;" another bears the arms of the Irish Society; and a third with a device not legible. Of these three, that which bears "the rose and crown," was possessed by the citizens in the rebellion of 1641.

In the same bastion lies roaring meg, so called from the loudness of her report during the siege of 1688-9. The length, is 11 feet, and the girt at the thickest part, 4 feet, 6 inches, and is inscribed :

"Fishmongers, London, 1642."

In the royal bastion there are five guns, two of which are inscribed:

"Merchant Taylors, London, 1642;

Grocers, London, 1642.”

Three of the remaining guns are of less caliber. The guns are all well and strongly mounted on carriages.

CHAPTER VIII.

Gates, &c.-Area, length, breadth, &c. of the FortificationsOriginal Names of Streets-Borough Boundary lately adopted-Former Municipality, in detail-Disbursements in Derry-Commission, &c.—Bishop BRAMHALL obtained Grants-The "fifteen hundred acres and seven hundred acres-Extracts relating thereto.

IN the plan of the City, as originally drawn by Raven, there were only four gates :-Bishop's-gate, New-gate (now Butcher's-gate,) Ferry-port or Ferry-gate (now Ferry

quay-gate,) and Water-gate (now Ship-quay-gate) :—two others, Castle-gate, and another commonly called New-gate or Wapping-gate, were subsequently added. In 1789, Bishop's-gate was rebuilt by the late corporation with the concurrence of the Irish Society; it is a triumphal arch, erected to the memory of King William III. Shipquaygate was rebuilt at the commencement of the present century; Butcher's-gate and Ferry-quay-gate were also rebuilt and ornamented. The compiler of these Statistics (in his boyish days,) saw four of the gates completely furnished with massy doors and frames, which were bound with huge bolts of iron; but they were not the same that stood during the siege. In 1790, when the late Alderman William Lecky was elected to represent the City in the Irish house of commons, the chair which was used on that occasion, was made of the oak of part of one of the gates that withstood the siege. On the raising of the siege, the City was reduced. to "a deplorable condition ;" and by the representations of its heroic defender, Walker, to the Irish Society, the twelve chief companies of London advanced £100 each, to repair the walls and the public buildings -wood was supplied by the Society, abatements were made in the rents, and the terms of leases increased.* The fortifications, however, after a lapse of 227 years, retain, nearly unchanged, their original form and character. The rampart is much frequented, and affords a most convenient and comfortable promenade to the inhabitants at any season, but more so in winter, and is not only an ornament to the City, but excites the admiration of every stranger.

As may be seen, the fortifications of Derry are not regular, they are, however, of an elliptical form: the precipitous nature of the ground could not afford the ornamental parts of a regular fortification, such as glacis, horn-works, &c.— The entire space enclosed by the exterior wall, contains an area of about 25 acres, 3 roods, 24 perches, English; that within the rampart, 24 acres, 1 rood, 14 perches; and that occupied by the rampart alone, 1 acre, 2 roods, 13 perches. The circumference of the City or walls, is about 1708 yards. The extreme length within the rampart, extending nearly north-east and south-west, is 540 yards, and the greatest

* Concise View and Ordnance Survey.