petrated; and his mangled body being wrapped in a kern's* old shirt, was ignominiously buried.

The important project of securing Derry, though defeated for a time by the late precipitate retreat of the Queen's troops, was not relinquished by her advisers. The frequent and desperate surprisals of "the two capital rebels of the Kinel-Owen and Kinel-Connel on her Majesty's faithful servants, and soldiers," still served to frustrate, in some degree, as well as to stimulate the determination of her government with respect to Derry. As the last course of the next ill-fated O'Neill and of O'Donnell, his equally unfortunate confederate in arms, is so immediately connected with the colony about to be planted, we shall pursue it for a little, and then proceed with the colony.

Shane O'Neill was succeeded by his near kinsman, Hugh O'Neill, who, after having performed some services to the English in the contest carried on with the Earl of Desmond, was admitted to the title and rank of Earl of Tyrone, and to the estate of his ancestors, in virtue of the grant made by Henry VIII. to his grandfather, Con Baccagh, who, as we have already noticed, after making "humble submission," was not only pardoned for acting in a former rebellion, but received the title of Earl of Tyrone, with a valuable present of the "robes of state, and was honoured with a collar

of gold." In a short time, and in consequence of some alleged grievances, Hugh became one of the bitterest and most formidable opponents of British interest in Ireland. Being buoyed up with a promise of succours from Spain, and determined to make another desperate effort, O'Neill and O'Donnell leagued with all the northern chieftains, and having gained a victory over the Queen's troops under Sir Henry Bagnall, on the confines of Meath, they continued to baffle the celebrated but unfortunate Earl of Essex, to whom the reduction of Ulster had been at that time entrusted, by a succession of affected submissions, and unexpected attacks. On the arrival of the Spaniards at Kinsale, they (O'Neill and O'Donnell,) withdrew their forces to join that expedition; being in their turn invaded by a portion of the royal army, under Lord Mountjoy, O'Neill was compelled to surrender, and accompany Mountjoy to Dublin, in order to

be forwarded to the Queen. Her death, however, changed for a time Mountjoy's determination and that of the Irish government, and a temporary cessation of hostilities ensued. But escaping from the theatened danger, O'Neill and O'Donnell, were, on the accession of James I. again in the act of rousing their adherents to a new rebellion; but to avoid inevitable punishment, they were compelled to make their escape to Spain, never to return, leaving their princely possessions escheated, and thenceforth at the disposal of the British Crown.

CHAPTER V.

Second attempt to colonize Derry-Arrival of Sir Henry Docura State of the Town-Destruction of the first City.

Anno 1600. It was again the determination of the government to carry the Plantation of Derry into effect. On the 16th of April, Sir Henry Docwra, an officer well experienced in the sanguinary and desolating warfare of Ireland, having been ordered by the Queen and her Parliament to proceed from England with a British force of 4000 foot and 200 horse, protected by two ships of war, entered Lough Foyle, effected a landing at Culmore; and in six days after took possession of Derry without opposition. His own narrative will best explain the state of the town on his arrival: "On the 22d of May wee went to the Derrie, four myles of, vpon the river side-a place in manner of an iland; on one side the river, and on the other a wet bugg, wherein were ruins of an old abbay, of a bishopps house, of two churches, and at one of the ends of of it an old castle. This piece of ground we possest our selves of without resistannce, judging it a fitt place to make our maine plantation in. Att that end where the old castle stood, being close to the waterside, I presentlie resolved to raise a forte, to keep our store of munition and victulls in ; and in the other a little aboue, where the walls of an old cathedral church were yet standing, to erect another for our future safetie. And the first business I settled myselfe vnto was, to lay out the forme of the said two intended

* O'Donnell died near Corunna, and O'Neill in France.

fortes. And O'Kane having a woode lying right over against vs, on the other side of the riuer, wherein was plentie of old growne birch, I daylie sent workmen with a guard of souldiers to cutt it downe; and there was not a sticke of it brought home but was first well fought for. Cockle shells to make lime was discovered infinite plentie in a little iland in the mouth of the harbour as we came in. And with the stones and rubbage of the old buildings we found, we set ourselves wholie, and with all the diligence we could to fortifying and framing, and setting up of houses, such as we might be able to liue in, and defend ourselves when winter should come, and our men be decayed as it was apparent it would be; and whether this was the right course or noe, let them that saw the after events be judges of." 1603. The escape of the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell, and the termination of hostilities in Ulster, at this time rendering the presence of a larger body of troops at Derry no longer necessary, the garrison was reduced, and the management of the affairs of the City devolved on Sir Henry Docwra. For his services, September 12, a "grant was made to Sir Henry Docwra, Knt. Governor of Lough Foyle, and Privy Councillor," to hold two markets, on Wednesday and Saturday, and a fair for six days, viz.- -on Vigil, day, and morrow of St. Lawrence, (ninth, tenth, and eleventh of August, N. S.) and for three days following, at Derrie every year, with horse races, there to be held during the same markets and fairs, together with the issues, profits, and emoluments, belonging and appertaining to the said markets and fairs: rent 2s. 6d. English, at Michaelmas." (1. Jac. I. 2 pars. f. 33.)

1604, July 11.-A liberal charter was presented to Sir Henry Docwra for the incorporation of the City, which was as follows:-" The town or borough of Derrie is, by reason of the natural seat and situation thereof, a place very convenient and fit to be made both a town of war, and a town of merchandize, and so might many ways prove serviceable for the crown, and profitable for the subject, if the same were not only walled, entrenched, and inhabited, but also incorporated, and endowed with convenient liberties, privileges, and immunities; and Sir Henry Docwra, Knt. in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James, having, by his extraordinary valour, industry, and charge,

repossessed, repaired, and repeopled, that town, being utterly ruinated, and laid waste, by the late rebellion in those parts. And having begun, and laid a good foundation there for the planting of a colony of civil and obedient people in that place, the king (for the better progress therein, and the more fully establishing of the same in perpetuity, and for a memorial and recompence of the good service and charge which Sir Henry Docwra had employed and bestowed as aforesaid ;) did pursuant to letters dated at Westminster, 22d March, 1603, give, grant, and confirm unto him, and the inhabitants of the Derrie, and all the circuit and extent of land and water within the compass of three miles, to be measured from the circumference of the old church walls directly forth in a right line, every way round about, every mile containing 1000 geometrical paces, and every pace five feet in length, entire, and perfect City and County of itself, to be called the City and County of Derrie, and shall be a Corporation and body politic, made and created of the inhabitants of the same, consisting of one provost, twelve aldermen, two sheriffs, twenty-four burgesses, and as many freemen as the said Sir Henry Docwra, during his lifetime, and as the provost, aldermen, sheriffs, and burgesses, should think good to admit, Sir Henry to be provost for life, as fully as the lord mayor of London had in the City of London, and to appoint a vice-provost. The sheriffs to hold a County court from three weeks to three weeks, and another court called the sheriffs' turne, at the two usual times of the year, according to statute; to build a hall or town-house, to be called the council house of Derrie, to assemble in; to nominate a recorder, during behaviour; the provost or vice-provost, recorder, and two senior aldermen to be justices of the peace, oyer and terminer and gaol-delivery. A gaol to be built at the expense of the inhabitants; two coroners, a town clerk, a chamberlain or treasurer, a water-bailiff, a sword-bearer, a competent number of serjeants of the mace, and other inferior officers. The several trades to distinguish themselves into several companies or guilds, each to erect a common hall, and to make bye-laws. The provost to be clerk of the market, escheater, and the king's admiral and mayor of the staple. The corporation every Tuesday to keep courts, and to hold plea of all actions, and to have all the fines and

amerciaments of the said courts, all waifs and estrays, felons' goods, deodands, wrecks of the sea, all kind of tolls (not formerly granted to any other by the crown,) at the fee-farm rent of 6s. 8d. license to purchase lands to the amount of £300 a-year."-(2 Jac. I. 2 pars, f. R. 9.)

Having received several marks of Royal favour, he was appointed governor of Lough Foyle and provost of the City of Derry for life; with power to appoint a vice-provost. His connexion with the City, however, was but of short duration. He disposed of part of his private property in and about the town to his successor, Sir George Paulett, an English gentleman, on whom he conferred the vice-provostship: he returned to England, and never after resumed the government of Derry. In 1621, he was raised to the dignity of Baron, with the title of Lord Docwra of Culmore, and died in Dublin 1631.

1608-Sir George Paulett's connexion with Derry was of still shorter continuance. In consequence of Sir John O'Dougherty's having taken an active part in the rebellion of the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell, in 1599, the entire district of Inishowen was declared forfeited to the Crown; but was afterwards regranted to his son, Sir Cahir (Charles) O'Dougherty. This young chieftain, being of a festive and hospitable disposition, lived on terms of intimacy with his military neighbours, the officers of the garrison in Derry, and particularly so with Captain Harte, governor of Culmore fort, an English gentleman. The intimacy was so great, that Sir Cahir stood godfather to a child of Captain Harte's, a relation of peculiar closeness in the eyes of the native Irish.

On the flight of Tyrone and O'Donnell, Sir Cahir was, it appears, accused of being privy to the conspiracy of which they had been suspected. An altercation having arisen on that subject between Paulett and O'Dougherty, the latter attempted to justify himself to the governor of Derry. In the heat of accusation and defence, the parties grew angry; and O'Dougherty was insulted by a blow from Paulett, with the threat of a felon's death. Sir Cahir was fired with indignation, but concealed his sense of insult under the smooth disguise of a reckless manner and the seeming frankness of a warm temperament; at the same time he determined to commit an act of treachery, which in the desultory warfare