America to Europe, chiefly. Europe, herself, already accepts as a fact the absolute independence of America, but watches with more intense concern the new, the civilized Asia. At the Berlin Conference in 1878, Count Schouvaloff, the Russian member, urged upon his colleagues a united effort to prevent the exportation of modern arms and machinery to China and India; especially declaring that the famines which desolate those countries, coupled with the limited range of diet common to their peoples, would at no distant day lead them to inquire into the cause of contrast between their position and that of the wealthy nations of the West, and that, if they once had arms, and modern material of war, the entire armies of Europe could not preserve the treasure in their capitals from a destructive invasion.

A published outlook, in 1876, used this language:

"The ever-increasing responsibilities that attend the rapid increase of the world's population, and the commercial enterprise which brings half-civilized and semi-barbarous peoples into intimacy and interfusion with less populous but better educated nations, are pregnant with issues which provoke human passion and human conflict. Tidal waves of armed ignorance, superstition, and brutalism are not impossible simply because a select minority of the earth's inhabitants are enlightened as well as civilized. History has recorded such events, under circumstances no more difficult than the future may evolve. The final issue must be resolved by an intelligent recognition of a common obligation, to be just to all; or the conflicts of physical force will go beyond their true mission and introduce unparalleled conflict."

Already the foundries, machine-shops, docks, and modern appliances by which to equip her armies and control her own Pacific seas, have renewed the agitation in Europe as to the ultimate issue of an open rupture with China. She can spend a million of men a month and not feel it. Her doors were forced open, against her will, at the behest of opium. The outflow from those open doors has even forced upon America the largest possible latitude of domestic police regulations, within the range of international comity. President Woolsey has used the term neighborhood in the world." In fact, there is no such possibility as an isolated nation, any more. All are neighbors. Neither is the experience of Cortez with Mexico to be realized by any power, in dealing with China. Her wisdom, her learning, her mechanical genius, her intense nationality, and her exceptional

veneration for her own past history, can give to her an aggresive force not easily estimated. It is for America wisely to guard her home institutions from the taint of Eastern demoralization, while never losing her consciousness that in her impartiality, as well as in her pervasive Christianity, lie her invincible strength and her true glory.

On the 22d of December, 1862, Senator Henry S. Lane, a native of Kentucky, and a veteran of the Mexican War, thus glanced at our future, expressing views as to existing temporary differences, in harmony with those afterwards so vigorously announced by Justice Lamar in his address, at the unveiling of Calhoun's statue (cited on page 486), and by Senator Stephens in his tribute to Mr. Lincoln (cited on page 499).

In the midst of this sea of blood I see a way of deliverance in order to pass to the promised land of peace and security. I will not believe, I cannot believe, that under the baleful influence of human slavery this model republic is to be blotted out from the history of nations. Here, for the first time in the history of the whole world, two different civilizations meet, face to face, and contend for mastery. The wise purposes of Providence for which the government was planted forbid me to believe it. Our mission is not yet accomplished. In the midst of all these convulsions, a homogenous and harmonious republic, based upon human liberty and human rights, shall yet be established. In the midst of these contending factions, yes, far off in the future, I catch the light of institutions more beneficent, more grand, more perfect than have ever yet existed in the tide of time. I will not for a moment despair of the republic. No people on earth have shown such selfforgetfulness, such self-sacrifice, such lofty patriotism, as the people of the United States have shown. With these elements of strength, relying upon ourselves, relying upon God, the republic is safe.

THE TRIUMPHS OF OUR LANGUAGE.

Now gather all our Saxon bards, let hearts and harps be strung,
To celebrate the triumphs of our good Saxon tongue;

For, stronger far than hosts that march with battle-flags unfurled,
It goes, with Freedom, thought, and truth, to rouse and rule the world.

Stout Albion learns its household lays on every surf-worn shore,
And Scotland hears it echoing far as Orkney's breakers roar;
From Jura's crags, and Mona's hills, it floats on every gale,
And warms with eloquence and song the homes of Innisfail.

On many a wide and swarming deck, it scales the rough wave's crest,
Seeking its peerless heritage, the fresh and fruitful West;

It climbs New England's rocky steeps, as victor mounts a throne;
Niagara knows and greets the voice, still mightier than his own.

It spreads where winter piles deep snows on bleak Canadian plains, And where, on Essequibo's banks, eternal summer reigns;

It glads Acadia's misty coasts, Jamaica's glowing isle,

And bides where, gay with early flowers, green Texan prairies smile.

It lives by clear Itasca's lake, Missouri's turbid stream,
Where cedars rise on old Ozark, and Kansas' waters gleam;
It tracks the loud swift Oregon through sunset valleys rolled,
And soars where Californian brooks wash down their sands of gold.

It sounds in Borneo's camphor groves, on seas of fierce Malay,
In fields that curb old Ganges' flood, and towns of proud Bombay;
It wakes up Eden's flashing eyes, dark brows, and swarthy limbs;
The dark Liberian soothes her child with English cradle-hymns.

Tasmania's maids are wooed and won in gentle Saxon speech;
Australian boys read Crusoe's life by Sydney's sheltered beach;
It dwells where Afric's southmost capes meet oceans broad and blue,
And Nieuveld's rugged mountains gird the wide and waste Karroo.

It kindles realms so far apart, that, while its praise you sing,
These may be clad with autumn's fruits, and those with flowers of spring;
It quickens lands whose meteor lights flame in an Arctic sky,
And lands for which the Southern Cross hangs its orbed fires on high.

It goes with all that prophets told, and righteous kings desired,
With all that great apostles taught, and glorious Greeks admired,
With Shakespeare's deep and wondrous verse, and Milton's lofty mind,
With Alfred's laws and Newton's lore, to cheer and bless mankind.

Mark, as it spreads, how deserts bloom, and Error flees away,
As vanishes the mist of night before the star of day;
But, grand as are the victories whose monuments we see,
They are but as the dawn which speaks of noontide yet to be.

Take heed, then, heirs of Saxon fame, take heed, nor once disgrace,
With deadly pen or spoiling sword, our noble tongue and race.

Go forth prepared, in every clime, to love and help each other,

And judge that they who counsel strife would bid you smite a brother.

Go forth, and jointly speed the time by good men prayed for long,
When Christian States, grown just and wise, will scorn revenge and wrong,—
When Earth's oppressed and savage tribes shall cease to pine or roam,
All taught to prize these English words,-Faith, Freedom, Heaven, and
Home.

JAMES GILBORNE LYONS.

THE ANGLO-SAXON AND THE WORLD'S FUTURE. (Revised, from "Our Country," by the author, for the "Patriotic Reader.")

EVERY race which has deeply impressed itself on the human family has been the representative of some grand idea which has given direction to the nation's life, and form to its civilization. The noblest races have always been lovers of liberty. That love ran strong in the German blood, and has profoundly influenced the institutions of all the branches of the great German family; but it was left for the Anglo-Saxon branch fully to recognize the right of the individual to himself, and formally declare it the foundation-stone of government.

The two great needs of mankind, that men may be lifted into the light of the highest Christian civilization, are,-first, a pure, spiritual Christianity, and, second, civil liberty. These are the forces which have contributed most to the elevation of the human race, and must continue to be the most efficient ministers to its progress. The Anglo-Saxon, as the great representative of these two ideas, sustains peculiar relations to the world's future; and in the fact of his rapidly-increasing strength, we have wellnigh a demonstration of his destiny. During two hundred years since the reign of Charles the Second, our population has increased two-hundred-and-fifty-fold. Already the Anglo-Saxon race, though comprising only one-fifteenth part of mankind, rules more than one-third of the earth's surface, more than one-fourth of its people, and increases more rapidly than all the races of continental Europe. Emigration from Europe,

which is certain to increase, exerts a modifying influence on the Anglo-Saxon stock; but their descendants are sure to be AngloSaxonized. North America is to be his great home, the principal seat of his power, the centre of his life and influence.

Charles Sumner wrote of the coming time, when "the whole continent with all its various States shall be a Plural Unit, with one Constitution, one Liberty, and one Destiny," and when "the national example will be more puissant than Army or Navy, for the conquest of the world." It needs no prophet's eye to see that the civilization of the United States is to be the civilization of America, and that the future of the continent is ours.

Our national genius is Anglo-Saxon, but not English. The race is already more effective here than in the mother-country, and this superiority is due, in a large manner, to its highly-mixed origin. What took place a thousand years ago, and more, in England, again transpires to-day, in the United States. There is a new commingling of races of substantially the same element that constituted the original Anglo-Saxon mixture, and Herbert Spencer says, "It is to be inferred from biological truths that the eventual mixture of the allied varieties of the Aryan race will produce a more powerful type of man than has hitherto existed, a type more plastic, more adaptable, and more capable of understanding the modification needful for complete social life, and that, whatever tribulations they may have to pass through, the Americans may reasonably look forward to a time when they will have produced a civilization grander than any the world has known." "Already," says Dr. Clarke, "the English language, saturated with Christian ideas, gathering up into itself the best thought of all the ages, is the great agent of civilization throughout the world, and moulding the character of half the human race." Jacob Grimm, the German philologist, said of this language, “It seems chosen, like its people, to rule in future times, in a still greater degree, in all the corners of the earth." He predicted, indeed, that the language of Shakespeare would eventually become the language of all mankind. Is not Tennyson's noble prophecy to find its fulfilment in AngloSaxondom's extending its domain and its influence

"Till the war-drum throbs no longer, and the battle-flags are furled In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world"?