the preparation of the young for the trying ordeals of active world-life.

The true wealth of a nation is not found in its material accumulations, or in the skill of its people to make money, but in its men and women of character and culture who aim in all the relations of life to elevate and ennoble humanity. Such a training will prepare the young to become a blessing to themselves, ornaments to society, and the bulwarks of the State. WILLIAM EVARTS SHELDON.

THE PATRIOTIC CHAUTAUQUA MOVEMENT.

(From "The Chautauqua Movement," edited, by permission, for the "Patriotic Reader.")

WE need an alliance and a hearty co-operation of Home, Pulpit, School, and Shop; an alliance consecrated to universal culture for young and old; for all the days and weeks of the year; for all the varied faculties of the soul, and in all the possible relations of life.

Love of country and the spirit of a pure and exalted patriotism must find their quickening and their highest development in the ideas which these institutions embody and represent, the home idea of mutual love and tenderness, the church idea of reverence and conscientiousness, the school idea of personal culture, and the shop idea of diligence, economy, and mutual help. The young and the old need these things. The rich and the poor need them. Capital and labor need them.

Chautauqua has, therefore, a message and mission for all. It exalts education, the mental, social, moral, and religious culture of all, everywhere, without exception. It pleads for a universal education; for plans of reading and study; for all legitimate enticements and incitements to ambition; for all necessary adaptations as to time and topics; for ideal associations which shall at once excite the imagination and set the heart aglow. Chautauqua stretches over the land a magnificent temple, broad as the continent, lofty as the heavens, into which homes, churches,

schools, and shops may build themselves, as parts of a splendid university, in which people of all ages and conditions may be enrolled as students. It says, "Unify such eager and various multitudes. Let them read the same books, think along the same lines, sing the same songs, observe the same sacred days, -days consecrated to the delights of a lofty intellectual and spiritual life."

A plan of this kind, simple in its provisions, limited in its requirements, accepted by adults as well as youth, appealing to the imagination as well as the conscience, must work miracles, intellectual, social, and religious, in household, neighborhood, and nation. It brings parents into fuller sympathy with their children, at the time when sympathy is most needed,-sympathy with them in their educational aims, sympathy with them in lines of reading and study. It incites and assists youth, at school, to do good work in preparation and recitation, protects against the temptations of play-ground and class-room, inspires them to higher courses of study and a grander conception of the responsibility and honor of American citizenship.

Such education must increase the power of the people in politics, augmenting the independent vote which makes party leaders cautious where lack of conscience would make them careless concerning truth and honesty. It must tend to a better understanding between the classes of society, causing the poor to honor wealth won by honest work, economy, and skill; to despise winners of wealth, when greed and trickery gather the gold; to hate sham and shoddy; to avoid struggles between capital and labor, and to promote, in all possible ways, the glorious brotherhood of hon esty, sympathy, and culture,-a culture that addresses itself to all sides of a man's nature.

The Chautauqua movement is based upon the idea that the whole of life is a school, and that a broad catholic basis of reading and study is attainable, alike promotive of the principles of the noblest Christian citizenship, and true to the law of all noble living, that "he who most wisely loves his own denomination or party is likely to love others generously," so that the fruitage for his country, and the world, shall be that glorious liberty with which Christ shall make all men free.

JOHN HEYL VINCENT.

TEMPERANCE EDUCATION THE PATRIOT'S ALLY.— THROUGH OUR YOUTH THE NATION LIVES.

(Extract from Address of Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, Superintendent of Scien tific Instruction of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, before the Committee on Education and Labor, United States Senate, January 26, 1886, in favor of the bill "providing for the study of Physiology and Hygiene and the effects of intoxicating, narcotic, and poisonous substances upon the life, health, and welfare, by the pupils in the public schools of the Territories, and of the District of Columbia, and in the Military and Naval Academies." Edited, by permission, for the "Patriotic Reader."

Similar enactments have been secured, under the same auspices, in nearly all the States of the Union,-that of Louisiana as late as July, 1888. The imitative Japanese have reproduced some of the books so endorsed, and in Europe the same work has been organized, as appealing to every paternal and patriotic instinct that protects home and country. The Sandwich Islands, as well as Japan, have these text-books in their own language; and the school-book-publishing houses of America are in harmony of purpose to advance the cause.)

OUR fathers believed a government of the people possible, and thus the Republic was born, with all its great destinies anchored to the masses, with all its possibilities dependent upon the capacity of individual citizens for self-government, and that capacity again dependent upon the enlightenment of the conscience and the understanding. Our fathers were far-seeing men. They did not leave this enlightenment of the conscience and under standing to the hap-hazard teaching of the street, of society, oi even of the home or the church. Their underlying philosophy was the now accepted axiom, that "whatever we should have appear in the character of citizenship must be wrought into that character through the schools." As those times were simple, so were their schools.

But the curriculum of our schools has kept pace with the demands of our citizenship. When the war of 1861 burst upon us, it found a nation of civilians on both sides of the Potomac. That struggle was greatly prolonged, while "the boys in blue and in gray" were being transformed into soldiers. Taught by that experience, many a State said, "This must never happen again," and added military drill for schools where boys were old enough to carry a musket.

But a greater evil is in all our land, to-day, than the one that temporarily estranged us in ante-bellum days. Uncle Tom could say, "This body is Massa Legree's slave, but this soul is God's free man." No slave of alcohol can say that. Enslaved soul and body are its victims, who are not an alien race, thus subjugated, but are our own sons and brothers, husbands and fathers, the best-beloved from the homes of an otherwise happy and pros. perous people. A "first-born has been slain" by this destroyer, in all this fair land, between the oceans, the lakes, and the gulf Never has any evil so undermined the character of our citizenship, and therefore proved so great an evil to our free institu tions. Alarmed at the inroads of this enemy, the friends of this reform are knocking at the doors of the schools for relief. We come to ask for an enactment that shall result in the enlightenment of the consciences and understanding of the people, not as to the vice and evil of drunkenness, of which all are now assured, but as to the nature of alcohol, and of its effects upon the human system, that, thus forewarned, our youth may be forearmed.

It is one of the most hopeful characteristics of our people, as a whole, that when they are convinced of evil they rise, rebuke, and correct even their own vices. The States of Vermont, Michigan, and New Hampshire in one year made their school-houses the legal allies of the temperance reform. New York followed in 1884. The people said, "This is a sensible method of dealing with the evil. It is prevention. It is taking the whole question out of the realm of conflicting sentiment, and putting it on the basis of intelligence." There are one million five hundred thousand children in the schools of New York, and, since the passage of the law, those children are being pre-empted for sobriety. decade will change the political situation on the alcohol question, in that and every State thus training its children and youth. The intent is, that when the pupil learns about the various organs of the body he shall learn the consequences following to those organs from the use of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics. If, when the conscience and understanding are enlightened, the individual citizen will not choose the right, then this movement is a mistake, and our government will fall; for either alcohol must go under, or the government of the people will perish.

A

I am here, gentlemen, not merely as a person, but in a representative capacity. There are two hundred thousand Christian women who are praying this morning for the results of this hour. They are in every city, in every town, all over this broad land, in every State and every Territory. They represent the homes, the Christian homes, of America. If we save the children to-day, we shall have saved the nation to-morrow. In the name, then, of this womanhood, I stand here, to plead for the children who will be taught in the specified territory covered by this bill, and likewise for the influence of such legislation. Wherever our flag shall be unfurled over this and other lands throughout all Christendom, will be felt the blessed example, if this Congress of the United States shall thus provide for the Temperance Education of the children under its jurisdiction.

MARY HANNAH HUNT.

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SHAPES THE TWENTIETH.-PATRIOTISM IN SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.

(From Address of President Gates, of Rutgers College, New Jersey, 1887 Edited, by permission, for the "Patriotic Reader.")

THE eighteenth century said, at its close, "All men shall govern." The nineteenth century, as it draws to a close, seems to sound out as key-note to the twentieth century, "Now that all men govern, it is decreed that all men must be laborers, too." "If all are to govern, all must serve. Fitness for kingship is proved only by ability to serve." This is the emphasized utterance of our time. Inculcated in the moral training of our youth, it will develop such love of country that the young men of to-day, while they hasten the march of America towards higher planes of power, will repress the spirit of war and hasten the era of universal peace.

The youth of to-day, by God's appointing, belong to the twentieth century, that century whose vast titanic forces the thundering machinery of this age of steam but half foretells; while the flashing light and subtle force of electricity, which we are only beginning to draw from its exhaustless reservoirs, give us