NEW AND GREATLY ENLARGED SUPPLEMENT. OCTOBER, 1835. N. B.-This Supplement embodies that issued in October, 1834. It is intended to supply deficiencies and correct errors in the Dictionary; to bring down the information contained in it to the latest period; and especially to point out whatever changes have been made in the laws respecting commerce, navigation, &c., since it was published. We intend publishing another Supplement in October, 1856; and we earnestly entreat our various friends at home and abroad to transmit to us, through Messrs. Longman and Co., such information as they conceive may enable us to correct, improve, or supply any article either in the Dictionary or in this Supplement. We shall carefully observe any stipulations as to the use of such communications. ABATEMENT OF DUTIES. - No abatement is to be made, on account of damage on the voyage, from the duties payable on the following drugs, viz. cantharides, cocculus Indicus, Guinea grains, ipecacuanha, jalap, nux vomica, opium, rhubarb, sarsaparilla, and senna. -(4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 89. § 5.) ALE AND BEER.-In consequence of the complaints, whether well or ill founded, of the inconveniences arising from the increase of beer shops-(see Dict. p. 14.), a material change has been made in the mode of licensing houses for the sale of beer. Under the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64.-(Dict. p. 14.), the commissioners of excise, or other persons duly authorised, were bound to grant licences, costing 21. 2s. a year, to all persons not excepted in the act, empowering them to sell ale, beer, porter, cider, &c. to be drunk indifferently either on or off the premises. But the act, of 1834, 4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 85., made the obtaining of a licence to retail beer to be drunk on the premises contingent on the applicant being able to produce a certificate of good character, subscribed by certain persons rated at a certain amount to the poor: it has also raised the cost of such licence to 31. 3s.; and reduced the cost of a licence to sell beer not to be drunk on the premises to 17. 18. We subjoin a full abstract of the act: Persons applying for a Licence to sell Beer to be drunk on the Premises, to deposit a Certificate of good Character, &c.Every person applying for a licence to sell beer or cider by retail, to be drunk in the house or on the premises, shall, in addition to the application setting forth the particulars required by the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64., annually produce to and deposit with the commissioners of excise, collector, or other person authorised to grant such licence within the parish or place in which the person applying intends to sell beer or cider by retail, a certificate signed by 6 persons residing in and being and describing themselves to be inhabitants of such parish, place, &c., and respectively rated therein to the poor at not less than 6., or occupying a house therein rated to the poor at not less than 67., none of whom shall be maltsters, common brewers, or persons licensed to sell spirituous liquors or beer or cider by retail, nor owners or proprietors of any houses licensed to sell liquors, beer, or cider by retail, stating that the person applying for the licence is of good character; and at the foot of such certificate one of the overseers of the parish, township, or place shall certify (if the fact be so) that such 6 persons are inhabitants respectively rated as aforesaid; and such certificate shall respectively be in the form of the schedule annexed to this act : provided always, that in any parish, township, or district maintaining its own poor, in which there are not 10 inhabitants rated to their relief to the amount of 67. each, or not occupying houses respectively rated to the poor at 6. each (not being maltsters, common brewers, or persons licensed to sell spirituous liquors or beer or cider by retail), the certificate of the majority of the inhabitants of such parish, township, or district maintaining its own poor, as are rated to the amount of 61. cach, shall be deemed to be a sufficient certificate for the purposes of this act.— § 2. Penalty on Overseers. Any overseer who shall, without due cause, refuse to certify that the persons who have signed the certificate are respectively rated to the poors' rate as aforesaid, to forfeit not more than 57.-3. Beer drunk in Sheds. Any person licensed under the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64., to sell beer, cider, &c. not to be consumed on the premises, who shall employ, permit, or suffer any person or persons to take or carry any beer, &c. from his house or premises, to be drunk or consumed for his benefit or profit, in any other house, tent, shed, &c. belonging to, or hired, used, or occupied by such licensed person, such beer, &c. shall be held to have been consumed on the premises, and the person selling the same shall be subject to the like forfeitures and penalties as if it had been actually drunk or consumed in a house or upon premises licensed only for the sale thereof. - §4. Billetting. Provisions for billetting soldiers under mutiny acts to extend only to those licensed to sell beer or cider to be drunk in the house or on the premises, and not to extend to those licensed to sell beer not to be consumed on the premises. — § 5. Justices to regulate the Opening and Closing of Houses.-Justices in petty sessions are authorised to fix the hours at which houses and premises licensed to sell beer under this act shall be opened and closed; but any person thinking himself aggrieved by any such order may appeal at any time, within 4 months A from its date, to the justices in quarter sessions, on giving the justices making the order 14 days' notice of his intention; and the decision of the justices in quarter sessions shall be final: provided, however, that the hour to be fixed for opening any house shall not in any case be earlier than 5 o'clock in the morning, nor for closing the same later than 11 o'clock at night, or before 1 o'clock in the afternoon on Sunday, Good Friday, Christmas Day, or any day appointed for a public fast or thanksgiving; and the hours so fixed by the justices, with reference to the districts within their jurisdictions, shall be taken to be the hours to be observed and complied with under this act as fully as if the same had been specially appointed by it. — § 6. Constables, &c. to visit licensed Houses. All constables and officers of police are authorised to enter into all houses licensed to sell beer or spirituous liquors to be consumed upon the premises whenever they shall think proper; and if any person licensed as aforesaid, or any servant or person in his employ or by his direction, shall refuse to admit such constables, &c. into such house or premises, the person having the licence shall for the first offence forfeit and pay any sum not exceeding 51., together with the costs of conviction, to be recovered within 20 days before 1 or more justices; and it shall be lawful for any 2 or more justices, upon any person being convicted of such offence for the second time, to adjudge (if they think fit) that such offender be disqualified from selling beer, ale, porter, cider, or perry, by retail, for 2years after such conviction, or for such shorter space as they may think proper. - § 7. Penalty for making or using false Certificates. —Persons certifying any matter having reference to this act as true, who know the same to be false, or using any certificate, knowing the same to be forged, shall, on conviction of such offence before 2 or more justices, forfeit and pay the sum of 201.; and every licence granted to any person making use of any certificate to obtain the same, such person knowing such certificate to be forged, or the matters certified therein to be false, shall be void to all intents and pur. poses; and any person using such certificate shall be disqualified for ever from obtaining a licence to sell beer or cider by retail. - § & No Licence to be granted without a Certificate. -No licence for the sale of beer or cider by retail to be consumed or drunk in the house or on the premises shall be granted, except upon the certificate hereby required: provided, that in all extra-parochial places the certificate required by this act may be signed and given by inhabitants rated to the poor at 62. in any adjoining parish or parishes. — § 9. Retailers to produce their Licences on Requisition of 2 Magistrates. In case any complaint be laid before 2 justices against any licensed person for an offence against the tenor of his licence, or against this act or the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64., the said justices may require such person to produce his licence before them for their examination; and if he wilfully neglect or refuse so to do, he shall forfeit for such offence any sum, not exceeding 57., the said justices shall think proper; and such person may be convicted, proceeded against, and dealt with for such offence in the same manner, mutatis mutandis, as is directed by the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. with regard to persons guilty of a first offence against said act; and the penalty imposed for such offence is to be applied in the manner that a penalty for a first offence against said act is directed to be applied. - § 10. Continuance of Powers, &c. -The powers, provisions, and penalties of 1 Will. 4. c. 64. to apply to persons licensed under this act, and to their sureties, &c. - § 11. Act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. to continue in force, except as hereby altered. — § 12. Duties on Beer Licences under the 1 Will 4. c. 64. repealed, and new Duties granted in lieu thereof. -From and after the passing of this act, the duties payable on excise licences for the sale of beer by retail under the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. shall cease, and in lieu of such duties there shall be paid upon the licences hereby authorised to be granted the duties following; viz. For and upon every licence to be taken out by any person for the sale of beer by retail, not to be drunk or consumed in or upon the house or premises where sold, the annual sum of It. 18. For and upon every licence to be taken out by any person for the sale of beer by retail, to be drunk or consumed in or upon the house or premises where sold, the annual sum of 31. 38. Sec. 13. The duties to be under the management of commissioners of excise, and to be recovered and accounted for under the provisions of the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. — § 14. Not to affect Duty on Licences to retail Cider and Perry.- Nothing in this act shall affect the amount of duty payable under the 1 Will. 4. c. 64. on licences to retail eider and perry; but every such licence shall specify whether it be granted for the sale of cider and perry by retail not to be drunk in the house or premises where sold, or for the retail of the same to be drunk in the house or premises where sold. — 15. Licences under this Act not to authorise Persons to sell Wine.- No licence granted under the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. and this act shall authorise any person to take out or hold any licence for the sale of wine, spirits, or sweets or made wines, or mead or metheglin; and if any person licensed under the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. and this act shall permit or suffer any wine, spirits, &c. to be brought into his house or premises to be drunk or consumed there, or shall suffer them to be drunk or consumed in his house or premises, he shall, over and above any excise penalties to which he may be subject, forfeit 201. — § 16. Penalty on unlicensed Persons. —Such persons selling beer and cider by retail to be drunk off the pre. mises, 107; to be drunk on the premises, 207. — § 17. Board over the Door. - Every person licensed to sell beer, cider, or perry, by retail, under the authority of the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. and this act, shall, on the board required by the former act to be placed over his door, paint and keep thereon, after the words "licensed to sell beer or cider by retail," the additional words "not to be drunk on the premises," or "to be drunk on the premises," as the case may be, on pain of forfeiting the penalty imposed by such act for not having such board over the door. - 18. What is retailing of Beer, &c. - Every sale of beer, or of cider or perry, in any less quantity than 44 gallons, shall be deemed and taken to be a sale by retail. — § 19. Penalties for selling Spirits or Wine without Licence. - Persons licensed to sell beer or cider under the act 1 Will. 4. c. 64. and this act, who sell spirits or wine, sweets, &c. without being licensed, are liable to the penalties imposed by the laws of excise for selling spirits or wine, sweets, &c. without licence.-§ 2. Certificate not to be required for Houses in certain Situations, if Population exceed 5,000. — The beforementioned certificate shall not be required as to any house situated within the cities of London and Westminster, or within any parish or place within the bills of mortality, nor within any city or town corporate, nor within the distance of 1 mile from the place used at the last election as the place of election or polling place of any town returning a member to parliament, provided that the population, determined accord ing to the last parliamentary census taken in such city, town, &c., shall exceed 5,000: provided, that no licence for the sale of beer, ale, porter, cider, or perry by retail on the premises in the cities of London and Westminster, or in any parish within the bills of mortality, or in any such city or town corporate, or town returning a member to parliament as before mentioned, shall be granted after the 5th day of April, 1836, unless the house or premises specified as those in which beer or cider is intended to be sold shall be of the value of 10. per annum. — § 21. Service of Summons. Summonses or orders not legally served unless by some constable or other peace officer. - § 22. Commencement. Act shall commence and take effect from and after the 10th day of October, 1834. — 23. Form of Certificate referred to in § 2. We, the undersigned, being inhabitants of the parish [or township, as the ease may be] of and ented to the poor at not less than 67. per annum, and none of us being maltsters, common brewers, or persons licensed to sell spirituous liquors, or being licensed to sell beer or cider by retail, do hereby certify, That A. B., dwelling in street [here specify the street, lune, &c.] in the said parish (or township, &c.] is a person of good character. 3 I. K. [Here state the residence of each of the per- N. 0. I do hereby certify, That all the above-mentioned persons whose names are subscribed to this certificate are inhabitants of the parish [or township, &c.] of rated to 6l. to the relief of the poor of the said parish. C. D. [Overseer of the parish or township, &e.j Date. APPLES-Duty on, reduced from 4s. to 2s. a bushel. —(4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 89. § 15.) BANKS. BANKS:- An Account of the Amount of Bank of England Notes and Bank Post Bills in Circulation on the undermentioned days; distinguishing the Bank Post Bills, with the Aggregate of the whole. (In continuation of the Account, Dict. p. 94.) Quarterly Average of the Weekly Liabilities and Assets of the Bank of England, from June 30th, to Sept. 22d, 1835, published pursuant to Act 3 & 4 Will. 4, c, 98, § 8. BANK OF IRELAND. - Return of the Amount of the Notes of the Bank of Ireland (including Bank Post Bills) in Circulation at the undermentioned Periods. (Parl. Paper, No. 435. Bess. 1834.) JOINT STOCK BANKS.-Account of the aggregate Amount of Notes circulated in England and Wales, by Private Banks, and by Joint Stock Banks, and their Branches, distinguishing Private from Joint Stock Banks, between the 28th of June, 1834, and 26th of September, 1835; stated for each Quarter of the Year, as directed by 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 83.- (Parl. Paper, No. 445. Se s. 1835, &c.) BANKS (AMERICAN). — It appears from the statement (Dict. p. 110.) extracted from Mr. Gallatin's pamphlet, on the currency of the United States, that (exclusive of the Bank of the United States) there were, on the 1st of June, 1830, in the Union, 330 banking establishments, possessed of an aggregate paid-up capital of 110,101,898 dollars, During the ensuing five years, no fewer than 184 new banks were set on foot over and above those that had failed or been given up; making, on the 1st of January, 1885, a total of 514 banking establishments, which are reported to have possessed an aggregate paidup capital of 203,553,860 dollars. We subjoin an Account of the Number of State Banks, in each State of the Union, exclusive of Branches; with the aggregate Amount of their paid-up Capital on the 1st of January, 1835. It should, however, be observed, that the account of capital is in some instances from estimate only; and that even when actual returns are obtained, they are not always to be depended on. -(Circular by A. H. Palmer, 31st of Jan. 1835; Pitkin's Statistics of the United States in 1835, p. 450, &c.) BANK OF UNITED STATES.-Contrary to our anticipations (Dict. p. 109.), the President has succeeded in his struggle with this establishment. Its charter will terminate in 1836; and there is now no chance of its being renewed. Our opinion of the policy of this proceeding continues unchanged. No impartial person can doubt that the institution of the United States Bank has been productive of much advantage, by equalising the currency of the different States; and by materially mitigating the pernicious consequences resulting from the very defective state of the banking system in most parts of the Union. BARILLA. - The duties on barilla used in the bleaching of linen are to be repaid to the persons using it, under such regulations as the commissioners of customs may issue. (4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 89. § 14.) BOOKS. — Under the late law, such books as might be imported were admitted, provided they were of editions printed in or since the year 1801, on payment of a duty of 51. a cwt.; but this duty has been reduced to 27. 10s. a cwt., with the additional proviso, that the books, besides being printed in or since 1801, are in foreign living languages. (4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 89. § 15.) This condition was inserted principally to obviate the risk of dictionaries, or the class books used in our schools, being supplied from the Continent; the booksellers contending that the 27. 10s. a cwt. of duty was insufficient to balance the influence of the paper duty, and the peculiar burdens incident to the getting up of books in this country. It has been alleged, indeed, that it will not effect its purpose; because, as is contended, both Latin and Greek are living languages; the former being spoken in certain parts of Hungary and Poland, and the latter in Greece! But the intention of the legislature is too obvious to admit of its being defeated by any quibbling of the sort now mentioned. By a living language is meant a language spoken by a nation or people, and not by a few learned individuals; and the dialect of the modern Greeks is abundantly different from that of their ancestors. The duty of 17. a cwt. on foreign books printed prior to 1801 ought to be repealed; it throws obstructions in the way of their importation, while it is quite unproductive of revenue. Smuggling of English Books from abroad. Very considerable loss is sustained by literary men and booksellers, by the clandestine importation of English works printed abroad, of which the copyright has not expired. There is hardly, in fact, one of our popular authors, copies of whose works, printed in France or America, may not be readily procured in London; and as those by whom they are printed have neither copyright nor paper duty to pay, they are able materially to undersell the native article. It is surely unnecessary to say, that every practicable effort should be made to hinder such an invasion of private property; and in this view we beg to suggest, that the permission given to persons coming from abroad to bring with them single copies of all prohibited works, ought to be withdrawn. It opens a door for smuggling and fraud; and there is neither sense nor justice in allowing any individual to invade the rights of another, merely because he has been across the Channel. A specific penalty, recoverable by a summary process, ought also to be imposed on every individual offering such books for sale. This would be much more effectual in preventing such practices than the existing law. (See Dict. p. 141.) BOTTLES (STONE). - In 1812, a duty of 2s. 6d. a cwt., increased in 1817 to 5s., was imposed upon stone bottles. The average nett produce of this duty has not recently exceeded 3,500l. a year. But, to collect this insignificant sum, the manufacture had to be placed under the surveillance of the excise, and those engaged in it subjected to various troublesome and vexatious regulations. The duty did not extend to Ireland, so that a drawback had to be granted on bottles exported to that country, and a countervailing duty charged on those imported from it. This unproductive and troublesome duty was imposed at the instance of the glass bottle manufacturers, who contended, that if stone bottles were exempted from duties, they would be used instead of glass bottles, to the injury of those engaged in manufacturing the latter. But the purposes to which stone bottles and glass bottles are applied are so very different, that it would require a much greater reduction of the price of the former than could possibly be occasioned by the abolition of the duty, to make them be substituted, to any extent worth mentioning, in the place of the latter. These views were ably enforced by the Commissioners of Excise Inquiry; and, having been adopted by government, the duty has been abolished. (4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 77.; see also Fifth Report by Commissioners of Excise Inquiry.) - It is to be hoped that the duty on glass bottles may, also, be speedily put an end to. It produces about 110,000l. a year. We noticed (Dict. p. 1256.) the propriety of enacting and enforcing some regulations as to the size of bottles. The bottle is, in fact, a very important measure; a great deal of wine and other liquors being sold by the dozen. But there is, at this moment, the greatest discrepancy in the size of bottles; and it appears to us that it would be highly expedient, in order to obviate the numerous frauds arising from this source, to enact that all bottles be made to contain not less than a certain apecified quantity, and to place them under the acts relating to weights and measures. COAL.We are glad to have to state, that the duty on coal exported in English ships has been repealed; and that the duty on all descriptions of coal exported in foreign ships has been reduced to 48. a ton. The increased exportation of coal this measure will occasion, cannot fail of being highly advantageous. Ships that might otherwise have had to go out in ballast, will now have an opportunity of taking with them what may COFFEE. - COLONIES. 5 prove a profitable cargo; at the same time that the cost of conveying the mineral abroad operates as a premium in favour of our own manufactures. The fact, too, that there is, in South Wales alone, a supply of coal sufficient to meet the present demand of the empire for more than 2,000 years, shows the futility of imagining that the measure can be injurious, by its hastening the exhaustion of the mines. COFFEE. We pointed out (Dict. p. 543.) the injustice and impolicy of charging 3d. per lb. more on coffee of our Eastern dominions, when imported for home consumption, than on that imported from the West Indies. This distinction is now, however, at an end; the 5 and Will. 4. c. 66. having enacted that coffee, the produce of British possessions within the limits of the East India Company's charter and of Sierra Leone, shall pay, when entered for home consumption, a duty of 6d. per lb. Such coffee must, however, be accompanied with a certificate of origin, that is, a certificate subscribed by the proper officer of the place where it was shipped, bearing that he had received from the master, and examined, a declaration under the hand and seal of the shipper of the coffee, stating that it was really and bona fide the produce of some such British possession, and that he (the officer) believed such declaration to be true. The master must also, when he arrives in this country, make and subscribe a declaration before the collector or comptroller, stating that the certificate of origin was received by him at the port where the coffee was taken on board, and that the coffee imported is the same that is mentioned therein. (We believe that this is the sense of the clause (2.) relating to the certificate; but from some error of the press or otherwise, it is all but unintelligible.) COLONIES. Statement of the Nett Expenditure incurred by Great Britain, on account of her several Military and Maritime Stations, Colonies, and Plantations, during the Year 1833-34. — (Parl. Paper, No. 408. Sess. 1835.) Total Expenditure Advances in lishments. Aid of venues. L. 8. d. L. 8. d. 659 5 9 6,120 9 7 3,360 14 3 L. s. d. 153,858 3 9 100,805 17 10 92,657 18 5 116,389 12 2 69,338 1 10 983 19 0 1,417 11 10 500 0 0 97,690 17 4 1,204 4 0 685 6 0 29,464 15 11 7,542 5 9 362 19 5 13,296 19 6 8,526 4 9 11,171 14 7 862 19 5 97,690 17 4 L. s. d. 127 69 211 13 54 incurred by Great Britain. L. 8. d. 154,390 2 9 106,714 13 114 97,222 16 8 117,074 18 2 112,099 17 31 8,526 4 9 11,171 14 7 862 19 5 97,690 17 4 We have been blamed in various publications that have appeared in Ceylon, and which have about them an official air, for saying that the revenues of the island were inadequate to defray her expenses, and that she was a drain upon this country. We may have been inaccurate in this statement; and if so, we regret it; but the blame, if there be any, does not lie at our door, but at that of government. It appears, from the official account given above, that we incurred, on account of Ceylon, in the year 1833-34, a nett expenditure, over and above the revenue derived from it, of no less than 113,340. We do not vouch for the accuracy of this statement; but, supposing to be true, our remark was certainly well founded. We can assure our readers in Ceylon and elsewhere, that we had not, and could not have, any wish to depreciate that or any other colony or place. Our only object is to lay before them what we believe to be accurate information; and we shall carefully attend to any corrections they may send us. |