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for many others. The German and French Catalogues were prepared by competent translators from the condensed slips.

The Shilling Catalogue contains 320 pages, or twenty sheets of double foolscap folded into eight leaves. About 300,000 copies have been printed, the paper for which weighs 118 tons, or more than 262,000lbs. The duty paid on this paper was no less than £1,575. The whole of the type employed was cast on purpose; and the various catalogues and Jury Reports required no less than 70,000lbs. of type. If all the copies of the Shilling Catalogue were piled in one heap, the summit of the pile would be fifty times as high as St. Paul's.

The various catalogues and guides relating to the Exhibition, prepared with official sanction by the contractors, and sold within the building, were singularly numerous, and illustrate the widespread interest felt in the subject. They were as follow:-Out of the 18 varieties, we are enabled to give the No. sold down to Nov. 1, in 11

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And we must also find a corner to mention the neat and ingenious covers for the Official Catalogue. Taking all the catalogues together, they present the astonishing amount of about 7,000 printed pages. One complete copy of the whole series costs about four guineas; of which three guineas is the price for the large and beautiful" Illustrated Catalogue."

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The "Descriptions," "Handbooks," "Guides," "Pictures," Visits," "Plans," &c., of the Exhibition, published elsewhere, have been very numerous; but we have not the means to present a list of them.

NUMBER OF VISITORS.

Towards the close of the Exhibition, the Executive adopted an admirable mode of showing the course and fluctuations of the visits to the building. They made use of a large diagram, analogous to

* Only just completed, and the sale net ascertained.

those so much and so profitably used in meteorological tables. It had vertical and horizontal parallel lines; the one set for numbers, and the other for days; and a waving or zig-zag line marked the numbers who were in the building on successive days. It was tinted, one colour for £1 days, one for 5s. days, one for 2s. 6d. days, one for 1s. days, and one for season tickets. There were also smaller diagrams on the same board, exhibiting maxima and minima relating to days, weeks, hours, &c. This board of diagrams, and another board giving simply the numbers on successive days, were placed in the south transept, and presented to the eye of the visitor many curious statistical facts. A few of the results we shall condense, as follows:

The Exhibition was open twenty-three weeks, and fragments of two other weeks. The visitors per week, and the daily average, were as follow:

Total Daily

Number. Average.

Week ending May 10

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39,764

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July 5

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Besides the above, there were the six exceptional days, if we may so term them; viz., the opening day, the two days at 17., the two exhibitors' days, and the closing day: these gave an aggregate of about 160,000 visitors. The total was thus, in round numbers, 6,170,000 or about 43,000 per day for 144 days.

In looking at the above list it will be seen that from the opening till the middle of June the numbers were gradually rising; from that time till the beginning of August they remained pretty equal; during August they steadily declined; during September they steadily rose again, until the last week but one overtopped all its

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predecessors; and the monster last week was almost exactly double the average of all the preceding weeks. This memorable week deserves to be recorded a little more in detail:

Monday, Oct. 6
Tuesday, Oct. 7
Wednesday, Oct. 8
Thursday, Oct. 9..
Friday, Oct. 10

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46,913

53,061

Saturday, Oct. 11.

If we take the entire number by calendar months, we find the following results :

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May...... 27 days, 734,814 Daily Average, 27,215

June

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July...... 27 1,314,176

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August 26

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September 26 1,155,240
October.. 13

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144

The different days of the week had some peculiar characteristics, in respect to the number and rank of the visitors to the Exhibition. Monday and Tuesday were working-class days; Wednesday and Thursday partook more of middle-class days; while Friday and Saturday were upper-class days. Treating the days singly, instead of in pairs, they presented some such aspect as the following:

Monday was (as it always is) the great day for London shopkeepers and operatives of the humbler class; on no other day did visitors of this rank congregate so largely at the Crystal Palace.

Tuesday was the great day for country visitors. The Monday's excursion trains brought them up by thousands; and after a good night's rest, they were ready for the Hyde Park campaign on the

morrow.

Wednesday was the quietest and least numerically strong of the shilling days; the high pressure of Monday and Tuesday seems to have led to a kind of exhaustion on the following day. This was the most satisfactory of the shilling days to those who wished to proceed systematically in their visits.

Thursday, being the last shilling day of the week, numbered higher than Wednesday; while the visitors were generally of a somewhat higher grade than on Monday and Tuesday.

Friday was the favourite day for those who wished to see everything, and to see it well, and who also thought half-a-crown well bestowed on a visit. It was the especial day for season-ticket holders of the scientific or professional or business turn of mind.

Saturday was the day for satin visites, and trailing dresses, and Erard's piano, and eau de Cologne, and aqua d'oro, and Bath chairs. These Bath chairs were not the least among the curiosities of the Exhibition; never before did invalids have such a privilege of being wheeled along naves, and aisles, and galleries, thronged with the beautiful and the wonderful-with comfort to themselves and with

scarcely a shade of discomfort to others. Those who were present on the 4th of October, the last "Bath-chair day," will well remember what a formidable array of those vehicles made their appearance.

The excess of Tuesday's numbers over those of Monday was a subject of general remark. In the twenty-four weeks nineteen presented this majority in favour of Tuesday. In respect to Wednesday, too, Tuesday beat it in the ratio of eighteen weeks to six. The great day of June (64,154 on the 17th) was a Tuesday; so was that of July (74,122 on the 15th); and that of August (68,069 on the 5th); and that of September (69,346 on the 30th); and that of October (109,915 on the 7th). The Fridays and Saturdays were numerically weak, owing to the higher charge for admission.

The following are three pairs of contrasts, presented by the daily

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Never, in any other age or country, was such a sight presented as that at two o'clock on Oct. 7th, when 93,000 persons were estimated to have been under one roof at one time-not merely in an open area, like a Roman amphitheatre, but in a windowed and floored and roofed building. The greatest number who entered the doors in any one hour was between eleven and twelve o'clock on the 6th of October, when 28,853 persons were admitted.

It appears to have been on the 6th of June that the Executive first adopted means for determining the hour, on each day, at which the greatest number of persons were within the building at one time. This can, of course, be done by keeping two correct records of entrances and exits in parallel hour-columns; the largest remainder, when the exits have been deducted from the entrances, will give the maximum for that day. Two, three, four, and five o'clock were all maxima on different days. Monday and Tuesday frequently presented a two o'clock maximum; Wednesday and Thursday generally three o'clock; Friday four o'clock; while Saturday (the hour of admission being twelve) exhibited for several weeks in succession a five o'clock maximum. Taking the whole of the hundred and fortyfour days, three o'clock was nearer than any other to the maximum. The total number of hours during which the Exhibition was open to public view was about 1,200.

În the registrar's returns those who entered the building daily were grouped in two classes, those who paid and those who had tickets; the latter included season-ticket holders, officials, and exhibitors' attendants. The ticket admissions, until the shilling days began, never went lower than 12,000 per day, and averaged more than 14,000. On the grand opening day there were about 25,000; and on the 24th of May, the last day before the (then) much-dreaded shilling period, the ticket admissions were 22,000. Throughout June

and July these admissions only exceeded 7,000 on three occasions, and once fell as low as 1,300. In August they never reached 6,000. In September they were somewhat higher than in August. Towards the close of the grand scene the ticket-holders mustered in force; and the last season-ticket day (October 11) they presented more than 14,000 strong. On an average, there were about 6,000 ticket-visits per day throughout, including attendants as well as season-ticket holders.

The officials prepared with admirable tact for any expected rush of visitors at particular times. On the 26th of May, as is well known, the "first shilling day" created quite an alarm in many quarters; nearly 45,000 went on the previous 5s. day, under the idea that the next week would be one of confusion; and on the Monday morning strong barriers were placed at all the entrances. But the very fear itself kept away tens of thousands, for the total number was only 25,000. Although the formidable preparations were not required, praise is not less due to those who provided for contingencies. On Whit-Monday, again, a strong muster was expected, and extra arrangements were made; but the numbers did not exceed 55,000. After the 70,000 had been quietly and happily reached, in August, the Executive ceased to have any fear of their building and its contents; and the marvellous 109,000 of the 7th of October told how well they understood their business. On one occasion, again, 20,000 teetotallers were expected in one day, in addition to the ordinary numbers, and extra arrangements were made; but the corps mustered only 6,000 strong, and these entered by different doors. It is said (as one of the oddest of all odd coincidences) that the various fountains, through some accidental obstruction in the pipes, suddenly stopped playing at the instant the water-drinkers entered the building; and some little time elapsed before the much-required supply was obtainable.

ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXCURSIONISTS.

It was a subject which early attracted the attention of the Commissioners whether or not to make any arrangements for the accommodation of the myriads expected to visit London. Col. Reid and Mr. Alexander Redgrave, of the Home Office, were deputed to make such inquiries as would determine the advisability, or otherwise, of instituting a register of lodgings and lodging-houses, for the information of visitors arriving from the country. The opinion arrived at was, that this subject might safely be left to private enterprise; and the result has justified that opinion.

The safety with which individual tact may be left to manage matters of this kind has, indeed, been strikingly exemplified. The inhabitants of the metropolis were daily informed by the journals of the thousands, and sometimes tens of thousands, who had arrived in London on the previous day; but there were few who thought of inquiring how or where those visitors were housed during the night; yet they were housed, and returned to their own counties living proofs that overgrown London, with its two millions and a half of souls, can yet accommodate a few scores of thousands extra.

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