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and with the consent in writing of his landlord, any farm building, detached or otherwise, or put up any engine or machinery, either for purposes of trade or agriculture, may remove the same so as he do not injure the land, and provided the landlord do not elect to take the same, for which purpose he is to receive a written notice a month previous to the proposed removal; if taken, the value to be settled by two referees, or by an umpire if required. If a tenant quit, leaving the tithe rent-charge unpaid (§ 4), the landlord or succeeding Occupier shall pay the same to the tithe owner, and recover the same from the previous tenant or occupier as if it were a simple contract debt. This Act (§ 5) does not extend to Scotland.

COMMON LODGING HOUSES.

[14 and 15 Victoria, cap. 28.-July 24, 1851.]

An Act for the well-ordering of Common Lodging Houses.

§§ 1 to 5 give the short title of the Act; an interpretation of the terms used in the Act (which, by the way, does not contain any definition of what is to be considered a common lodging house; all it says is "the expression 'common lodging house' includes, in any case in which only a part of a house is used as a common lodging house, the part so used of such house"); the parties by whom the Act is to be executed; the sources from which the expenses incurred are to defrayed, &c. A notice in writing of this Act (§ 6) is to be given within three months of its passing, and from time to time thereafter, to the keepers of common lodging houses, and in such notice, to be left at their houses, they are to be required to register the same : a schedule of the form of notice is given in the Act, which requires the lodging house keeper to register under a penalty of 51. for each lodger received while unregistered. The local authority ($7) is to keep a register of all common lodging houses within his jurisdiction, with the situation of such house, and the number of lodgers authorised to be received therein. After one month's notice (§8) no lodger is to be received in such common lodging houses, until it has been approved by the proper officer and registered. By § 9 the local authority is empowered to make "regulations respecting common lodging houses within its jurisdiction for all or any of the purposes respecting the same for which the local board of health are by the 'Public Health Act, 1848,' authorised to make bye-laws, and for the well-ordering of such houses, and for the separation of the sexes therein provided always, that the regulations made under this Act by the local authority shall not be in force until they have been confirmed by one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State." Power is given (§ 10) to the local authority to impose penalties for offences committed against the regulations, the penalties to be recoverable as in the 'Public Health Act, 1848.' Every keeper of a common lodging house is required (§ 11) to give immediate notice of any case of fever or other contagious disorder occurring in his house to the local authority, and also to the medical officer, and the poor-law relieving officer, of the union or parish in which such house is situated. Any officer of the local authority (§ 12) is to have free access to such houses or any part thereof. § 13. "The keeper of a common lodging house shall thoroughly cleanse all the rooms, passages, stairs, floors, windows, doors, walls, ceiling, privies, cesspools, and drains thereof,

to the satisfaction of and so often as shall be required by or in accordance with any regulation or bye-law of the local authority, and shall well and sufficiently, and to the like satisfaction, limewash the walls and ceilings thereof in the first weeks of each of the months of April and October in every year." The penalties for offences against this Act (§ 14) are not to exceed 5l., and a further penalty of 40s. for every day during which the offence continues; to be recovered (§ 15) under the provisions of the Railways Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845. By § 16 the local authority and the officers under it have powers given for the execution of the Act, and the restrictions in the Public Health Act, 1848, as to the hours within which common lodging houses may be entered, are repealed. By §§ 17 and 18 the Act is declared not to extend to the City of London nor to Scotland.

LODGING HOUSES.

[14 and 15 Victoriæ, cap. 34.—July 24, 1851.]

An Act to encourage the Establishment of Lodging Houses for the Labouring Classes.

This Act, which contains 53 clauses, chiefly occupied with details, is to enable parishes or boroughs containing not less than 10,000 inhabitants either to build new houses, or to adapt old, to the purpose of better lodging the labouring classes, for which object they are empowered to raise money and defray the expenses from the poor-rates, but as far as possible to make such houses self-supporting. They are also empowered to make bye-laws and regulations for the persons living in such houses. This Act does not extend to Scotland.

INHABITED HOUSE DUTY.

[14 and 15 Victoriæ, cap. 36.-July 24, 1851.]

An Act to repeal the Duties payable on Dwelling Houses according to the Number of Windows or Lights, and to grant in lieu thereof other Duties on Inhabited Houses according to their annual value.

The preamble declares the expediency of substituting a house-tax for the window-duties leviable under the 48 Geo. III. cap. 55, and § 1 enacts that from and after April 5, 1851, in England and Wales, and from and after the term of Whitsunday, 1851, in Scotland, the said window-duties shall be repealed, and shall cease to be leviable or collected, and the following duties on houses (given in a schedule) shall be collected instead: namely, "For every inhabited dwelling-house which, with the household and other offices, yards, and gardens therewith occupied and charged, is or shall be worth the rent of 201. or upwards by the year, where any such dwelling-house shall be occupied by any person in trade who shall expose to sale and sell any goods, wares, or merchandise in any shop or warehouse, being part of the same dwelling-house, and in the front and on the ground or basement story thereof; and also where any such dwelling-house shall be occupied by any person who shall be duly licensed by the laws in force to sell therein by retail beer, ale, wine or other liquors, although the room or rooms thereof in which any such liquors shall be exposed to sale, sold, drunk, or consumed shall not be such shop or warehouse as aforesaid; and also where any such dwelling-house shall be a

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farm-house occupied by a tenant or farm servant, and bona fide used for the purposes of husbandry only, there shall be charged for every 20s. of such annual value of any such dwelling-house the sum of 6%. And where any such dwelling-house shall not be occupied and used for any such purpose and in manner aforesaid, there shall be charged for every 20s. of such annual value thereof the sum of 9d." The duties so granted are declared (§ 2) to be under the care and management of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, and all the powers and provisions, fines, forfeitures and penalties of former Acts relating to the duties of assessed taxes, and the powers and provisions for recovering of the fines and inflicting of penalties, are continued in force, excepting in the cases of such exemptions as are therein contained, or in the Act of 3 & 4 Will. IV., c. 39, and in the Act of 3 & 4 Vict., c. 17. § 3 provides that no market-gardens or nursery-grounds are to be included in the valuation of dwelling-houses in charging the duties made payable under this Act. The duties on windows (§ 4) are to cease from the time of the commencement of the duties payable under this Act, except as to arrears uncollected and as to any penalties or forfeitures already incurred, which are to be recoverable as if this Act had not passed. Persons (§ 5) chargeable to duty under the Act 48 Geo. III., c. 55, in respect of armorial bearings, to continue liable to the same rate of duty as heretofore. Assessors (6) already appointed for the assessed taxes to continue assessors for the current year.

TURNPIKE TRUSTS ARRANGEMENT.

[14 and 15 Victoria, cap. 38.-July 24, 1851.]

An Act to facilitate Arrangements for the Relief of Turnpike Trusts, and to make certain Provisions respecting Exemptions from Tolls.

Where the revenues of any turnpike road in England are found insufficient for the support of the same and the payment of interest for money borrowed on the security of the tolls, the trustees, at any meeting of which twenty-one days' public notice shall have been given, may resolve upon receiving the consent thereto of two-thirds in value of the creditors that application be made to one of the secretaries of state for an order to reduce the rate of interest, or to reduce or extinguish the arrears of interest due; and power is given to executors and guardians of idiots and lunatics to give consent to such reduction.

CHIEF JUSTICES' SALARIES.

[14 and 15 Victoriæ, cap. 41.-August 1, 1851.]

An Act to regulate the Salaries of the Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench and the Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.

By this Act the salaries of the Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench is reduced from 10,000l. to 8,000l. a-year, and that of the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas is reduced from 8,0007. to 7,000l. a-year. These reductions have been acted upon by agreements in the King's Bench from the death of Lord Tenterden, in the Common Pleas from the resignation of Lord Truro, and are by this Act confirmed and perpetuated.

HAINAULT FOREST.

[14 and 15 Victoriæ, cap. 43. -August 1, 1851.]

An Act for Disafforesting the Forest of Hainault, in the County of Essex. By this Act the precise boundaries of this forest are to be ascertained; the deer are to be removed or destroyed; compensation, either by allotments or in money, is to be made to all persons substantiating claims to forestal or other rights, the money to be raised by the sale of the timber on the parts not allotted to the Crown; and then to be enclosed, roads made, and all forestal rights and offices to cease. For these purposes a commission is appointed to carry the whole of the details into execution within two years. This Act is not to extend to any portion of Epping Forest.

ARREST OF ABSCONDING DEBTORS.

[14 and 15 Victoriæ, cap. 52.-August 1, 1851.]

An Act to facilitate the more speedy Arrest of Absconding Debtors. Authority is given by this Act (§ 1) to any commissioner of the Court of Bankruptcy, or to any judge of a County Court (except Middlesex or Surrey), upon due proof of a debt of 201. or upwards, and that there is probable cause to believe that the debtor is about to quit England, to issue a warrant to the messenger or high bailiff to arrest such debtor within seven days, and keep him until he give bail or make deposit, or have paid the debt and costs, or be otherwise discharged by due course of law, such warrant to be executed in any part of England; but every creditor who obtains such warrant must also cause to be issued a writ of capias, and upon such capias all further proceedings must follow, although the debtor may be arrested under the warrant. Persons arrested under a warrant may apply to a commissioner of bankruptcy, or a county court judge, or the judge of a superior law court, to show cause against his arrest and why the warrant should not be discharged, and such commissioner or judge may make absolute or discharge such warrant or summons as he may deem fit. There is a table of fees for the various steps in this proceeding, and many professional details.

COMMONS INCLOSURE.

[14 and 15 Victoriæ, cap. 54.-August 1, 1851.]

An Act to authorise the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Special Report of the Inclosure Commissioners.

Kent

This, the second general Inclosure Act of the session, authorises the inclosure of the common lands of the following eleven places, namely, in Devonshire-East Anstey. Essex-Hadleigh Common. Hampshire -Bentley. Herefordshire--Letton Common and the Fleete. Aylesford. Lincolnshire-Skidbrooke-cum-Saltfleet; South Somercotes. Middlesex-Edgware. Suffolk-Westhall. Surrey-Pitfold Manor. Sussex--Rudgwick. Yorkshire-Hainworth and Lees.

EXPENSES OF PROSECUTIONS.

[14 and 15 Victoriæ, cap. 55.-August 1, 1851.]

An Act to amend the Law relating to the Expenses of Prosecutions, and to make further Provision for the Apprehension and Trial of Offenders

in certain Cases.

This Act, which contains twenty-five sections, repeals a number of preceding Acts or parts of Acts, and enacts instead, by § 1, that expenses in cases of misdemeanour examined before a magistrate may be allowed; by § 2 that payment of costs and expenses, and compensation for loss of time, may be allowed by the court in the cases of the following misdemeanours; namely, unlawfully and carnally knowing any girl above the age of ten years and under the age of twelve years; unlawfully taking or causing to be taken any unmarried girl, being under the age of sixteen years, out of the possession and against the will of her father or mother, or of any other person having the lawful care or charge of her; conspiring to charge any person with any felony, or to indict any person of any felony; conspiring to commit any felony. By § 3 payment of costs and compensation for trouble is to be made to the complainant and witnesses in cases of common assault in which the magistrates shall consider the matter a fit subject for indictment, and shall bind over the complainant and prosecutor to give evidence at the sessions. By § 4 the power of the quarter sessions to make regulations as to the payment of costs and expenses of prosecutors and witnesses, and also to persons apprehending offenders, is taken away, and by §§ 5 and 6 the same is given to the Secretary of State; the examining magistrates are to grant certificates in conformity to the regulations so made, but the certificate is not to be absolutely conclusive, as the compensation may be reduced. This Act, however, (§ 7) is not to interfere with payments in respect of extraordinary courage, diligence, or exertion displayed in the apprehension of offenders; and the powers (§ 8) given to judges by the 7 Geo. IV., c. 64, to order payments in respect of the apprehension of murderers and other criminals therein mentioned is extended to courts of sessions of the peace. §9 enacts that clerks of the peace may be paid by salaries instead of fees, but certain business (§ 10) may be excepted in fixing the salaries; the clerks so paid by salaries are (§ 11) to account for the fees, and (§ 12) where the clerk is paid by a salary the justice may, if he see fit, remit fees. § 13 repeals so much of the 4 & 5 Will. IV., c. 36, as restrains the justices of the peace for London and Westminster, the liberty of the Tower, the borough of Southwark, and the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Kent, and Surrey, from trying the offences therein mentioned, but continues the restriction for trying the offences mentioned in the 5 & 6 Vict., cap. 38. § 14 declares that the deputy of the assistant judge of the Middlesex Session need not be in the commission of the peace, but must be a barrister of ten years' standing. § 15 gives power to the court of quarter or general or adjourned sessions to divide the session, in which case the assistant judge is to appoint a deputy assistant judge, to be approved of by the Secretary of State, to preside as chairman with the justices who shall sit apart [under this clause twenty-four sessions in the year have been appointed to be held at Westminster and twenty-four at Clerkenwell]; in these courts (§ 16) the assistant judge and the deputy-assistant may sit without the presence of another justice being necessary. § 17 repeals former

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