DESIGNED AS A MANUAL OF INSTRUCTION. BY HENRY COPPÉE, A. M., PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA; STUDIES" IN THE UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY AT WEST POINT; AUTHOR OF "ELEMENTS OF LOGIC," ETC. "Now it is by the sense that RHETORIC holds of LOGIC, and by the expression that she holds SEVENTH EDITION REVISED. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY E. H. BUTLER & CO Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by E. H. BUTLER & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PREFACE. Ir is only within a few years that the subject of Rhetoric has been thoroughly studied, and that those making it a special study have sought to introduce it as a part of elementary education. Most of the text-books have treated Rhetoric as a higher sort of Grammar, and have failed to recognise its true relation to Logic. But its logical relations form its primary and most important division. Dr. Blair's charming lectures, on verbal and literary criticism, have been used as an epitome of the art of Rhetoric for elementary instruction, quite apart, it must be thought, from the author's original design. Full of excellent illustrations, and treating the grand division of Style with great ability and interest, he has not touched upon the rhetorical arrangement of argument, and the invention of discourse. When the author of the following pages undertook the preparation of a text-book, his first observation was that all former works may be ranged into two distinct classes; in the first class were the philoso phical treatises, of great value, but sealed books to young students by reason of their depth and technicality. In the other were the more elementary books, which treat chiefly of style, and give forms and exercises for perfecting one's self in the rhetorical use of language. Holding with Dr. Campbell that Rhetoric is allied to Logic in the sense, as well as to Grammar in the expression, the author has attempted to give a clear exposition of the art of constructing discourse; by the application of philosophy to practice. Beginning with clear definitions, the art is divided according to its three great functions of INVENTION, ARRANGEMENT, and STYLE. The place of RHETORIC AMONG THE ARTS is then determined; then a lucid analysis of the DIFFERENT KINDS OF DISCOURSE is given; and after this, the great functions just mentioned are treated in their order. While in most other works old illustrations, handed down from generation to generation, have been used, the author has chosen his examples from the Bible, and, as far as possible, from modern English and American writers. His effort has been to be perspicuous and simple |