t, the 20th letter and 16th the others remain undisturbed, causconsonant of the English ing the different parts to reflect the alphabet, is a sharp, mute light unequally. A mixture of lime consonant, and closely al-with shells, gravel, or stones in equal lied to d, both being den- proportions, forming a mass which, tals. It is formed by pressing the when dry, becomes as hard as rock. tip of the tongue closely against the It is used in Morocco as a substitute root of the upper teeth, and differs for brick or stone in building. from d only in being non-vocal, while d is uttered with the voice.

Tabernacle, a slightly-constructed temporary building or habitation; a tent, a pavilion. Figuratively, a temple; a place of worship; a sacred place; specifically, the central place of worship for Israel till Solomon built the temple. Also, the human frame as the temporary abode of the soul.

In the Roman Church, a receptacle for the consecrated host for benediction and the ciborium containing the smaller hosts which the laity receive.

Tabard, Taberd, Tabert, or Tabeld, a light vestment worn over the armor, and generally embroidered with the arms of the wearer. It was close-fitting, open at the sides, with wide sleeves or flaps reaching to the elbows. It originally reached to the middle of the leg, and was afterward made shorter. It was at first worn chiefly by the military, but afterward became an ordinary article of dress Tabernacles, Feast of, in Jewish of other classes in England and antiquities, one of the three leading France in the Middle Ages. The Jewish feasts, on the recurrence of office was created in 1417 by Henry which all the males were required to V. for the service of the Order of the present themselves at Jerusalem. Garter, which till then had been at- During this feast the people dwelt tended by Windsor heralds. The tab- on their house-tops or elsewhere in ard is now worn only by heralds and booths made of the branches of trees, pursuivants at arms, and is embroid-in commemoration of their tent life ered with the arms of the sovereign. in the wilderness. Tabb, John Banister, an American educator and author; born in Virginia, March 22, 1845. He was Professor of English Literature at St. Charles College, Ellicott City, Md. He wrote: "Poems"; "Lyrics"; "Rules of English Grammar "; etc. D. 1909. Tabby, silk or other stuff having an irregular waved or watered surface produced by pressure, usually between engraved rollers in the mode of calendering, known as tabbying. There is but little difference between tabbying, watering, and moire, the effect in each case being produced by the flattening of some of the fibres while

Tabes, a term formerly applied to a disease characterized by a gradually progressive emaciation of the whole body, accompanied with languor, depressed spirits, and, for the most part, imperfect or obscure hectic fever, without the real cause of the affection being properly localized or defined.

Tablature, in anatomy, a division or parting of the skull into two tables. In art, a painting on a wall or ceiling. In music, a general name for all the signs and characters used in music; those who were well ac quainted with these signs were said to sing by the tablature.

Tableaux Vivants

Taborites

Tableaux Vivants, "living picical The top measures about half tures," representations of works of a mile across, and is about 1,300 feet painting and sculpture, or of scenes above the level of the plain. It is from history or fiction, by living per- not mentioned in the New Testament, sons. They are said to have been but there is a tradition that it was invented by Madame de Genlis, when the scene of the Transfiguration. she had charge of the education of This, however, is rendered impossible the children of the Duke of Orleans. by the town on the top. They were long common in theatresTabor, Horace Austin Maras they are now in private circles. ner, an American capitalist; born in Table-land, in physical geography Holland, Vt., Nov. 30, 1830; went to a plateau; a plain existing at som Colorado in 1859, and engaged in minconsiderable elevation above the sea ing. He worked with only moderate Volcanic rocks often make such table- success till 1878, when he discovered lands, as in Central India; so do a rich deposit of silver in what was limestones. Or a sea bed or a lake afterward known as the "Little bed, or a great stretch of country, Pittsburg mine. A year later he may be upheaved. In North America sold his interests in this property for there are plateaux along the Pacific $1,000,000; a sum which eventually Labrador, etc., and in South America, yielded him a fortune estimated at in Brazil and the adjacent countries $6,000,000. In 1884 he was chosen Tables, in mathematical science, United States Senator, to fill the unpure or applied, lists of numbers giv expired term of Henry M. Teller. ing the values of a function of a va-Soon afterward he began to suffer riable for different values of that serious financial losses. Bad investvariable. The function may be ments and the panic of 1893 swept physical property common to different substances, as in tables of densities, specific heats, etc.; or it may be mathematical function of a continuously varying variable tabulated for definite successive values of that variable, as in tables of logarithms, sines, tangents, and astronomical tables gen erally.

away all his fortune and drove him to begin life anew as a miner. He returned to Colorado and opened a mine which proved a failure. He was appointed postmaster of Denver, in 1898, in which office he continued to serve till his death, April 10, 1899. During his prosperous days he did much toward the improvement of the city of Denver.

Taboo, or Tabu, a Polynesian word, denoting an institution which Taborites, a section of Calixtines, was formerly in existence through- who received their name from a great out Polynesia and New Zealand, but encampment organized by them on a has now to a large extent disap. mountain near Prague in 1419, for peared before the spread of Chris the purpose of receiving the Comtianity and civilization. The word munion in both kinds. On the same signifies something set apart, either spot they founded the city of Tabor, as consecrated or accursed, the idea and, assembling an insurrectionary of prohibition being conveyed in either force, marched on Prague under the case, whence the English word, lead of Ziska (July 30, 1419), and tabooed, i. e., forbidden. For exam-committed great atrocities under the ple, in New Zealand the person of a chief was strictly taboo, and hence might not be touched; while the volcano Tongariro was taboo as being the supposed residence of demons. and even to look on it was at one time forbidden.

pretense of avenging insults offered to the Calixtine custom of communicating under both kinds. On the death of King Wenceslaus (Aug. 16, 1419) they began to destroy churches and monasteries, to persecute the clergy, and to appropriate church Tabor, Mount, a solitary elevation property on the ground that Christ on the N. E. border of the plain of was shortly to appear and establish Esdraelon. It is remarkable for the His personal reign among them. They symmetry of its form, which resem-were eventually conquered and disbles a truncated cone, from certain persed in 1453 by George Podiebrada points appearing almost hemispher- (afterward King of Bohemia).

Tabriz, or Tabreez (the ancient bria, about A. D. 200; was elected on Tauris), a city of Persia, capital of the death of Aurelian, A. D. 275, the province of Azerbijan, on the Aigi, when in his 75th year. He was de36 miles above its entrance into Lake scended from the great historian, and Urumia. It is surrounded with a had been twice consul; but he reigned wall of sun-dried brick, with bastions, only six months, in which short space and entered by seven or eight gates. he displayed singular wisdom, vigor, There are numerous mosques, bazaars, and moderation. He was assassinatbaths, and caravanserais. Tabriz has ed at Tyana, in Cappadocia, in 276. manufactures of silks, cottons, carpets, leather and leather goods, etc. It is the great emporium for the trade of Persia on the W., and has an extensive commerce. It has frequently suffered from earthquakes. Population 180,000.

Tactics

Tæniada

Tactics, Naval, the art of maneu- to be followed by others of more vering ships and fleets for the pur-complicated structure, situated within pose of battle. Naval strategy, on the the cavity of the body as in fishes. other hand, is the science of combin- After a certain length of time the ing and employing fleets or single hind legs begin to appear, the head ships in order to carry out defined becomes more developed, and the body operations at sea or against an ene- assumes a more compact form. Still my's coast, for obtaining command of later the forelegs are found to exist the sea or certain portions of it. fully formed beneath the skin and Tactile Corpuscle, in anatomy, ready ultimately to burst forth. The one of the three kinds of sensory ter- tadpole at first seems to derive its minal organs. They were discovered subsistence from the fluid absorbed by R. Wagner and Meissner. They within its body and on the surface, are mostly of oval form, nearly one but soon begins to seek its food amidst three-hundredth of an inch long, by softened or decomposing vegetable one eigth-hundredth thick. They have matter. From that period the tadpole a core of soft homogeneous substance begins to assume more and more the within, and a capsule of connective appearance of a frog. Toes appear on tissue with oblong transverse nuclei its hind legs, the tail very rapidly outside. They exist in certain pap- disappears by absorption, and finally illæ in the skin of the hand and foot, the fore-legs become fully developed on the fore-arm, and the nipple.

e

and the metamorphosis of the tadpole is completed.

Tael, a money of account in China, the value of which varies considerably according to locality and the rate of exchange. On Oct. 1, 1901, it was worth in different localities from $0.639 to $0.704 in American gold. The tael is also a definite weight, equal to 1.208 ounces Troy.

66

Tæniada, cestoid worms; an order containing the tapeworms and bladder worms. Internal parasites, hermaphrodite when mature. The body is elongated and consists of a head with many flattened articulations. The small narrow head or scolex contains nearly all the organs of the body, and is essentially the animal, the articulations, called metameres or proglottides, being generative segments thrown off by the head in the manner called budding or gemmation." Each reproductive joint contains both male and female organs. The joints nearest the head are the newest, those farthest from it are the most mature. The anterior end of the body, or forepart of the scolex, is provided with suckers, hooks, or foliTadpole, the larva of the anurous aceous appendages, or with all three amphibia, sometimes so far extended combined. There is no mouth or ali. as to include larvæ of the urodela, mentary canal, so that it must derive which undego a much less complete materials for its nourishment only metamorphosis. At first the young by absorption through the skin. The have no respiratory organs or limbs. whole animal is called a strobilus. They are all head and tail with sim-After a time some of the metameres ple entire gills which soon disappear, break off, the worm continuing to grow.

METAMORPHOSIS OF A TADPOLE.

Taffety

Taffety, or Taffeta, a term formerly applied to all plain silks simply woven by regular alternations of the warp and weft. Modifications have, however, been introduced, by varying the quality of the warp and weft and by the substitution of various colors for the single one of the original taffety. It has therefore become a sort of generic term for plain silk, and even for some combinations of silk, wool, etc.

Tail-piece

campaign of that year was marked by the defection of a large number of members of the Republican party, the efforts of former President Roosevelt to secure the nomination, the organization in the Republican ranks of the Progressive party, the nomination of Mr. Roosevelt by the latter, the spirited campaign and attempted assas sination of Mr. Roosevelt, and the small heed paid to the political situation by the business interests of the Taffrail, originally the upper flat country. A remarkable degree of genpart of a ship's stern, so called be- eral prosperity sprang up during the cause frequently ornamented with campaign, crops reached a larger outcarvings or pictures; now a trans- put than ever in the history of the verse rail which constitutes the up-country, the iron and steel industry permost member of a ship's stern. grew beyond the capacity of its plants. Taft, Alphonso, an American ju- and the railroads were unable to supply rist; born in Townsend, Vt., Nov. 5, sufficient rolling stock for shipping re1810; was graduated at Yale Univer- quirements. The Republican party sity. He was judge of the Cincinnati emphasized these conditions as a reason Superior Court in 1866-1872; was for support, while the Democratic party appointed Secretary of War, March made its chief issue on the necessity for 8, 1876; served in that capacity till tariff reform. In the ensuing elections May 22 of the same year; and was Nov. 5, 1912, Pres. Taft was defeated by then made attorney-general. He was Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic canUnited States minister to Austria in didate. (See Progressive Party; Roose1882-1884, and to Russia in 1884-velt, Theodore; Wilson, Woodrow.) 1885. He died May 21, 1891.

Tages, in mythology, a grandson of Jupiter, and the first who taught the 12 nations of the Etruscans the arts of augury and divination.

Taguicati, the warree, or whitelipped peccary.

Taft, William Howard, first civil governor of the Philippine Islands, and twenty-seventh President of the United States; was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Sept. 15, 1857, son of Alphonso Taft; was graduated from Yale in 1878, and from Law School of Cincinnati College in 1880; admitted to Ohio bar same year; has been public prosecutor, judge of the Superior Court of Ohio; judge of United States Circuit Court, and in June, 1901, was appointed governor of the Philippines. He became Secretary of War in 1904 and was re-appointed in 1906. In 1906 he was sent by the President to Cuba to adjust the insurrectionary conditions there, and in 1907 to Panama to inspect the canal. He visited it again in 1909, after his election to the Presidency. He was nominated for President by the Republican party in 1908, and was elected by a popular vote of 7,677,788 and an electoral vote of 321, over Wil- Tail-piece, a piece at the end, as liam Jennings Bryan, who received of a series of engravings; an append6,407,982 popular and 162 electoral age. Also a piece of ebony or other votes. In 1912 he was the candidate material appended to the end of a of his party for a second term, and the violin or other similar instrument, to

TAIL-PIECE.